胎儿大脑中动脉和脐动脉搏动指数预测胎儿生长迟缓

目的：探讨胎儿脑和脐血流预测胎儿生长迟缓的作用。方法：应用双功能多普勒超声检测８４例正常妊娠晚期胎儿和３１例胎儿生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）胎儿脐动脉（ＵＡ）搏动指数（ＰＩ）、大脑中动脉（ＭＣＡ）ＰＩ和ＵＡＰＩ／ＭＣＡＰＩ比值。结果：ＩＵＧＲ胎儿ＭＣＡＰＩ显著小于正常胎儿（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＵＡＰＩ和ＵＡＰＩ／ＭＣＡＰＩ比值明显高于正常胎儿（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以二个标准差作为截止点水平，ＭＣＡＰＩ、ＵＡＰＩ和ＵＡＰＩ／ＭＣＡＰＩ比值预测ＩＵＧＲ的敏感性分别为８０．６４％、７０．９６％和８７．０９％；特异性分别为９４．０５％、８８．９０％和９７．６１％。结论：ＵＡＰＩ和ＭＣＡＰＩ可预测ＩＵＧＲ。     

正常单胎及双胎妊娠妇女子宫动脉血流变化的比较

目的探讨正常单胎和双胎妊娠妇女子宫动脉血流搏动指数（ＰＩ）在孕期中的变化,并研究子宫动脉血流ＰＩ与胎盘位置的关系。方法采用Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ超声诊断仪,对９９例正常单胎妊娠和２４例正常双胎妊娠妇女的子宫动脉血流ＰＩ进行了检测,并同时探测胎盘的位置。结果单胎妊娠妇女的子宫动脉血流ＰＩ无论是胎盘侧或是对侧,均随孕周增加至分娩呈逐渐下降,孕２９周时子宫动脉血流ＰＩ平均值０．７８±０．１３。但双胎妊娠妇女的子宫动脉血流ＰＩ值随孕周逐渐下降至孕２７周后,则维持在一平台水平。孕２９周时子宫动脉血流ＰＩ平均值０．６７±０．１１,无论是单胎妊娠还是双胎妊娠,胎盘侧子宫动脉血流ＰＩ值均较对侧为低。结论单胎或双胎妊娠胎盘侧子宫动脉均较对侧血流丰富;且双胎妊娠时子宫动脉血流阻力较单胎为低。     

胎儿大动脉和脐动脉搏动指数预测胎儿生长迟缓

目的：探讨胎儿脑和脐血流预测胎儿生长迟缓的作用。方法：应用双功能多普勒超声检测８４例正常妊娠晚斯胎儿和３１例胎儿生长迟缓胎儿脐动脉搏指数、大脑中动脉和ＵＡＰＩ／ＭＣＡＰＩ比值。结果：ＩＵＧＲ胎儿ＭＣＡＰＩ显著小于正常胎儿，ＵＡＰＩ和ＵＡＰＩ／ＭＣＡＰＩ比值明显高于正常胎儿。     

正常晚期妊娠胎儿脐动脉、大脑中动脉及腹主动脉血流速度波形与胎儿血气相关性探讨

目的探讨正常妊娠胎儿血流速度波形与胎儿血气的相关性。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对４５例正常晚期妊娠初孕妇女于剖宫产术前２４小时内进行胎儿脐动脉（ＵＡ）、大脑中动脉（ＭＣＡ）及腹主动脉（ＡｂＡｏ）的血流速度波形（ＦＶＷｓ）检查，计算搏动指数（ＰＩ）、阻力指数（ＲＩ）及收缩期最大血流速度（Ｓ）与舒张末期血流速度（Ｄ）的比值（Ｓ／Ｄ），同时对剖宫产分娩的新生儿立即进行脐动脉血气ｐＨ、二氧化碳分压（ＰＣＯ２）、氧分压（ＰＯ２）测定。结果ＵＡＲＩ与血ｐＨ、ＰＯ２呈明显负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），与ＰＣＯ２呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＭＣＡＲＩ与血ｐＨ、ＰＯ２呈明显正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），与ＰＣＯ２呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论产前监测ＵＡ及ＭＣＡ的血流速度波形，可间接了解胎儿血气情况，及时判断胎儿宫内安危的状况。     

正常晚期妊娠胎儿脐动脉,大脑中动脉及腹主动脉血流速度波形与？…

目的 探讨正常妊娠胎儿血流速度波形与胎儿血气的相关性,方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对４５例正常晚期妊娠初孕妇女于剖宫产术时２４小时内进行胎儿脐动脉（ＵＡ）,大脑中动脉（ＭＣＡ）及腹主动脉（ＡｂＡｏ）的血流速度波形（ＦＶＷｓ）检查,计算搏动指数（ＰＩ）,阻力指数（ＲＩ）及收缩期最大血流速度（Ｓ）与舒张末期血流速度（Ｄ）的比值（Ｓ／Ｄ）,同时对剖宫产分娩的新生称立即进行脐动脉血气ｐＨ,二氧化碳分压（ＰＣＯ     

胎儿脑及脐动脉血流检测的临床意义

应用彩色多普勒超声，检测正常妊娠妇女４８例（正常妊娠组），妊高征患者３４例（妊高征组），妊高征合并胎儿生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）５４例（ＩＵＧＲ组）儿大脑中动脉及脐动脉血流速波，计算血流的收缩末期峰值与舒张末期峰值的比值、脉搏指数、阻力指数。     

胎儿脐动脉及大脑中动脉阻力参数正常值

目的了解本地区低危人群胎儿脐动脉（umbilical artery，UA）及大脑中动脉（middle cerebral artery，MCA）搏动指数（pulsatility index，PI）、阻力指数（resistance index，RI）、收缩期峰值流速与舒张末期流速比值（S／D）的正常参考值范围。方法随机选取2218例孕20～40周的无合并症单胎孕妇，检测脐动脉（近胎儿侧）及大脑中动脉（中段）血流，记录PI、RI、S／D进行分析。结果脐动脉的血流阻力随着胎龄的增加而降低，大脑中动脉的血流阻力在孕20-26周随孕周的增加而增高，孕26～28周时达高峰，28周以后随着孕周的增加而降低。结论了解胎儿脐动脉及大脑中动脉血流阻力在不同孕周的变化规律，对判断及随访胎儿宫内缺氧状况，协助临床做出正确的产科处理具有重要意义。     

脐动脉血流速度比值评估胎儿生长迟缓

对１４０例经Ｂ型超声诊断为胎儿生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）的妊娠期妇女进行了２２０次脐动脉血流速度比值（Ｓ／Ｄ）测定。分娩后证实：小于胎龄儿（ＳＧＡ）的Ｓ／Ｄ值明显高于适于胎龄儿（ＡＧＡ）；预测ＳＧＡ的敏感性为８２％，阳性预测率为８１％，阴性预测率为８７％。在ＳＧＡ中，Ｓ／Ｄ值增高者的早产率、难产率、胎儿窘迫发生率及围产儿死亡率均显著高于Ｓ／Ｄ值不增高者；足月后，Ｓ／Ｄ值≥４者，新生儿中度以上窒息的发生率     

Predictive Value of Serial Middle Cerebral and Renal Artery Pulsatility Indices in Fetuses with Oligohydramnios

Objectives.?To determine the relationship between the translabial cervical length and the latency period or peripartum maternal infection in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Methods.?Fifty-five women with a singleton gestation and PPROM between 24 and 34 weeks who had a translabial ultrasound performed within 24 hours of membrane rupture were included in the study. Translabial sonography was performed to assess cervical length and funneling. Ultrasound results were not made available to the managing obstetricians.

Results.?The mean gestational age at PPROM in our cohort was 29.7 ± 2.8 weeks. The mean translabial cervical length was 2.8 ± 1.1 cm, and the median latency period was 10 days (interquartile range 4–15 days). There was no statistically significant correlation between cervical length and latency period (r = 0.15, p = 0.28). Additionally, latency periods less than seven days were not associated with cervical length cutoffs of 2.5 cm or 1.5 cm, or the presence of cervical funneling. Similarly, none of these criteria were associated with the development of either chorioamnionitis or postpartum endometritis.

Conclusions.?Cervical length by translabial sonography was not associated with duration of the latency period or peripartum maternal infection in women with PPROM.     

重度子痫前期单双胎妊娠不良结局的高危因素分析

目的:探讨重度子痫前期单双胎妊娠发生不良结局的高危因素,为围生保健提供重要临床资料。方法:纳入2005年至2014年四川大学华西第二医院的重度子痫前期住院患者1856例,采用多因素Logistic回归分析单双胎妊娠孕妇发生不良结局的高危因素。结果:双胎妊娠发生不良结局的比例(62.1%)高于单胎妊娠(50.7%),差异有统计学意义(OR1.592,95%CI 1.228~2.062,P0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示,单胎妊娠有统计学意义的高危因素包括:发病孕周34周和34~37周、高龄(≥35岁)、孕前BMI 25~30kg/m2、未产检、IVF、合并ICP、合并GDM、合并肾脏疾病(P0.05);双胎妊娠中有统计学意义的高危因素包括:发病孕周34周、IVF、合并ICP(P0.05)。结论:重度子痫前期双胎妊娠发生不良结局的风险高于单胎妊娠。在单胎妊娠中,发病孕周在37周前、高龄(≥35岁)、孕前BMI 25~30kg/m2、未产检、IVF、合并症(ICP、GDM、肾脏疾病)的患者发生不良结局的风险更高;在双胎妊娠中,发病孕周34周、IVF、合并ICP的患者发生不良结局的风险更高。     

Acute and Subacute Polyhydramnios in Singleton Pregnancies

Over a 10-year period when 51,022 singleton infants were delivered, 19 pregnancies (1 in 2,685) were complicated by acute polyhydramnios 17 (1 in 3,000) by subacute polyhydramnios and 501 (1 in 102) by chronic polyhydramnios. The incidence of major congenital malformations in singleton pregnancies associated with acute polyhydramnios was 63% and the perinatal mortality rate was 74%. When subacute polyhydramnios occurred in singleton pregnancies, the incidence of major congenital malformations was 65%, similar to acute polyhydramnios, but the perinatal mortality rate was only 35%. The comparable figures for chronic polyhydramnios in singleton pregnancies were a major malformation incidence of 14% and perinatal mortality rate of 10%. The type of onset of polyhydramnios, acute, subacute or chronic is therefore the most important indicator of prognosis. In patients with gross polyhydramnios, acute renal failure must be specifically excluded.     

胎儿大脑中动脉血流在高危妊娠中应用价值的研究进展

胎儿大脑中动脉（MCA）是胎儿大脑血流供应最丰富的血管,对反映胎儿脑部血液循环改变及血氧情况的变化有重要的临床应用价值。正常妊娠时,随着孕周增加,胎儿脑部发育逐渐完善,胎儿MCA彩色多普勒超声血流信号指标的变化呈抛物线模式。在高危妊娠中,胎盘功能不足、血管阻力增加与不良妊娠结局之间呈一定的相关性。MCA具有自身调节功能,当胎儿的内外环境出现变化时如缺氧等可导致MCA的血流动力学发生改变,而胎儿MCA彩色多普勒超声的各项血流信号指标也呈异常的变化趋势。彩色多普勒超声检查胎儿MCA血流动力学指标对母儿双方安全、无创、方便以及可重复性高,可用来反映胎儿的一系列病理生理改变,成为近年来临床评估胎儿生长发育和宫内安危状况的重要监测手段。。     

Ultrasound in Twin Pregnancies

ObjectiveTo review the literature with respect to the use of diagnostic ultrasound in the management of twin pregnancies. To make recommendations for the best use of ultrasound in twin pregnanciesOutcomesReduction in perinatal mortality and morbidity and short- and long-term neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancies. Optimization of ultrasound use in twin pregnancies.EvidencePublished literature was retrieved through searches of PubMed and the Cochrane Library in 2008 and 2009 using appropriate controlled vocabulary (e. g., twin, ultrasound, cervix, prematurity) and key words (e. g., acardiac, twin, reversed arterial perfusion, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, amniotic fluid). Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. There were no date restrictions. Studies were restricted to those with available English or French abstracts or text. Searches were updated on a regular basis and incorporated into the guideline to September 2009. Grey (unpublished) literature was identified through searching the websites of health technology assessment and health technology assessment-related agencies, clinical practice guideline collections, clinical trial registries, and national and international medical specialty societies.ValuesThe evidence collected was reviewed by the Diagnostic Imaging Committee of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, with input from members of the Maternal Fetal Medicine Committee and the Genetics Committee of the SOGC. The recommendations were made according to the guidelines developed by The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (Table 1).Benefits, harms, and costsThe benefit expected from this guideline is facilitation and optimization of the use of ultrasound in twin pregnancy.     

Effect of Isradipine on Maternal Renal Artery Pulsatility Index in Hypertensive Pregnancy

Objective: To investigate the effect of the calcium antagonist isradipine on maternal renal Doppler blood flow indices in pregnancies complicated with hypertension.

Methods: Thirty-one women with hypertension in pregnancy were consecutively recruited in an open study. Fifteen women received oral slow-release isradipine 5 mg twice daily for a 2-week period. Measurements of blood pressure and Doppler blood How velocity pulsatility index (PI) in the renal artery were obtained before treatment and were repeated 1 and 2 weeks after the treatment was started. The velocity-pressure index (VPI) was calculated as a ratio of PI and the pressure pulsatility index (PPI). A control group of 16 untreated hypertensive women was investigated in the same way.

Results: In the control group blood pressure increased, while in the treatment group it decreased, giving a significant difference in percent change of mean arterial pressure between groups. The PI in the treatment group decreased significantly by 10<7r after 2 weeks, while in the control group PI did not change. There was a significant positive correlation between PPI and PI (r = 0.41. P < 0.05). The percent change in VPI from baseline was significantly different in the treatment compared to the control group.

Conclusions: The finding of a decrease in both PI and VPI, together with a moderately reduced maternal blood pressure induced by isradipine, might reflect a decreased preglomerular resistance and maintained or relatively increased intraglomerular pressure. If isradipine were found to have a reno-protective effect also in pregnancy, it should not be due to the hemodynamic effects on the kidney.     

Acute Polyhydramnios in Twin Pregnancies

This paper reports the experience with acute polyhydramnios complicating twin pregnancies at the Mercy Maternity Hospital for the 10-year and 2-month period from January, 1979 to February, 1989 during which time there were 13 such cases, an incidence of 1 in 4,044 pregnancies. Acute polyhydramnios complicated 1.7% of all twin pregnancies. The perinatal mortality rate was 88.5% and accounted for 16.7% of the perinatal deaths in twins. No major fetal malformations were found. One case of acute polyhydramnios was successfully managed with ultrasonographically guided serial amniocenteses. The management of this rare condition is considered.     

双胎及三胎妊娠地中海贫血产前基因诊断研究

目的:探讨双胎妊娠和三胎妊娠地中海贫血的产前基因诊断情况。方法:对27例双胎妊娠和三胎妊娠患者进行绒毛膜穿刺或羊膜囊穿刺胎儿取样,采取裂隙聚合酶链反应以及聚合酶链反应结合反向点杂交方法进行产前基因诊断。结果:在进行α地中海贫血产前基因诊断的20例双胎妊娠及1例三胎妊娠中,共对43个胎儿进行取材,共检测出6例Bart's水肿胎,3例血红蛋白H病。在进行β地中海贫血产前基因诊断的6例双胎妊娠中,共对9个胎儿进行取材,共检测到3例中重型β地中海贫血。结论:地中海贫血的多胎妊娠孕妇产前基因诊断能较有效检出Bart's水肿胎和中重型β地中海贫血患儿,可预防重型地中海贫血患儿的出生。