新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控经验对结核病防治工作的启示

我国新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控的成功经验和科学实践,为传染病防控树立了典范。笔者通过分析、学习和借鉴我国在COVID-19疫情防控中取得的经验,结合当前我国结核病防治现状,浅析当前我国结核病防治在服务体系、政策保障和科学研究等方面需要着重考虑和解决的问题。     

常态化疫情防控体系建设思考下的血液净化中心管理

终末期肾脏病(ESRD)已经成为全球重大公共卫生问题,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的大流行,给ESRD现有的医疗救治体系带来了更加严峻的挑战.我国血液透析与腹膜透析技术应用及发展相对失衡,血液透析占主导地位的肾脏替代治疗模式在COVID-19疫情期间暴露了诸多弱点.常态化疫情防控下,亟需推动血液净化疫情防控...     

复工期间新型冠状病毒疾病个人科学防控知识与管理策略

新型冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)疫情发展至今防控形势持续向好,很多省市根据国家有关法律规定和当前COVID-19疫情防控形势,陆续展开复工、复产、复学工作。但目前疫情的拐点尚未出现,零增加不等于零风险,为全面、有效地做好疫情控制,本文基于国内外相关传染病的防控要求和规范,结合临床实践经验并查阅相关文献,从个人科学防控知识与管理策略着手,形成COVID-19疫情在大量复工期间个人防控管理的相关建议。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间门静脉高压患者诊疗与随访策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)具有高传染性和严重致病性,部分患者存在不同程度肝损伤,可能会影响门静脉高压患者的预后。如何在严格防控疫情下做好门静脉高压患者的诊治工作是面临的严峻新挑战。该文收集分析现有COVID-19防治的相关文献资料,参考国内同行经验和相关方案,提出COVID-19疫情防控期间门静脉高压患者诊疗与随访策略,供同行在临床工作中参考。     

加强结核病非定点医疗机构能力建设 提高结核病诊断水平

结核病在全球范围内仍然属于重大公共卫生问题。新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)的流行给全球结核病防治带来负面影响，因此，需要同时应对传统呼吸道传染病和新发呼吸道传染病的双重挑战。结核病非定点医疗机构在结核病防控中存在诸多问题。在新形势下，中国作为一个结核病高负担国家，需要从多方面着手提高结核病非定点医疗机构对结核病的诊断水平。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下的高血压管理：机遇与挑战

正尽管目前我国新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情(新冠疫情)已经得到较好控制,但在全球范围内仍有愈演愈烈的趋势。在此大环境下,新冠疫情有长期化、常态化的趋势,继续坚持严格防控、谨防境外输入病例和国内疫情反弹具有重大战略意义。在对我国7万余例COVID-19患者进行分析后,发现高血压与COVID-19患者的不良结局密切相关;既往合并高血压病史的患者死亡率增加2～3倍~([1])。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下结核病专科医院运行与患者治疗管理举措

如何在新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情下做好结核病的治疗管理是我们面临的新的课题和挑战。西安市胸科医院作为COVID-19的省市定点收治医疗机构,通过七大综合举措较好地完成了疫情期间结核病患者的治疗任务,为广大结核病防治机构提供了管理思路。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发期间儿科病房护理防控策略

2019年12月以来，新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease-2019, COVID-19）迅速在国内外传播，受感染人群短期内大幅增加，不仅包括成年人，还包括不同年龄段儿童，甚至新生儿。儿童因免疫系统发育不成熟、抵抗力低下，成为COVID-19易感人群之一，尤其是COVID-19流行期间住院患儿更易受感染。因此，做好儿科病房疫情期间的防控工作，采取切实可行措施对于预防和控制儿童感染新型冠状病毒显得尤为重要。本文根据国家卫生部门关于COVID-19疫情最新管理规定，结合本医院COVID-19防控经验，从护理角度探讨综合性医院儿科病房感染防控措施，为国内其他医院儿科病房疫情防控与护理工作提供参考。     

神经重症监护病房防控新型冠状病毒感染专家共识(第一版)

2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情期间,神经急危重症患者的救治难度增加,挑战巨大。疫情期间以神经系统疾病就诊的部分患者可能合并COVID-19,容易误诊、漏诊,并带来隐形传播和院内感染。神经重症监护病房（NCU）院内感染发生风险高。在疫情防控期间,神经急危重症患者救治应将疫情防控放在重要位置,充分进行筛查及风险评估,权衡利弊,在及时救治患者的同时,减少COVID-19传播风险。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间急诊内镜防控管理

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)防控期间消化内镜中心感染控制管理与内镜诊疗的安全。方法在COVID-19疫情防控期间,通过组织与防控培训,包括成立应急防控小组、拟定疫情期间消化内镜诊疗规范及重新布局诊疗区域、疫情培训、岗位调整等,从急诊内镜诊疗前对COVID-19的筛查到诊疗过程中的防控,以及隐匿患者应急处理等方面设定科学合理防护工作规范及感染防控方案。对2020年2月在解放军总医院第七医学中心消化内镜中心行急诊内镜检查患者的COVID-19疫情防控情况进行评估分析。结果 2020年2月1日至2020年2月28日,共行急诊内镜检查及治疗患者24例,男∶女为19∶5,中位年龄61.5岁(12～89岁);行胃镜检查10例(41.67%),行结肠镜检查5例(20.83%),行ERCP 9例(37.5%)。其中6例患者CT显示肺部感染。在此期间,所有内镜操作间空气消毒达标。对24例患者及家属进行随访发现均未感染COVID-19。结论适应防控形势发展趋势,拟定特殊时期防控诊疗规范,做法科学性强,措施有效可行。     

Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (ISHBT) Consensus Document on Hematological Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide public health emergency with widespread impact on health care delivery. Unforeseen challenges have been noted during administration of usual haematology care in these unusual COVID-19 times. Medical services have been overstretched and frontline health workers have borne the brunt of COVID-19 pandemic. Movement restrictions during lockdown prevented large sections of population from accessing health care, blood banks from holding blood drives, and disrupted delivery of diagnostic hematology services. The disruption in hematology care due to COVID-19 pandemic in India has been disproportionately higher compared to other subspecialities as hematology practice in India remains restricted to major cities. In this review we chronicle the challenges encountered in caring for hematology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in India and put forth recommendations for minimizing their impact on provision of hematology care with special emphasis on hematology practice in lower and middle income countries (LMICs).     

COVID-19 and air pollution: A dangerous association?

In late 2019, a new infectious disease (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China, which has now turned into a global pandemic. Countries around the world have implemented some type of blockade to lessen their infection and mitigate it. The blockade due to COVID-19 has drastic effects on the social and economic fronts. However, recent data released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), Copernicus Sentinel-5P Tropomi Instrument and Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) indicate that the pollution in some of the epicenters of COVID-19, such as Wuhan, Italy, Spain, USA, and Brazil, reduced by up to 30%. This study compiled the environmental data released by these centers and discussed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental pollution.     

Monoclonal antibody for COVID-19: Unveiling the recipe of a new cocktail

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a tremendous adverse impact on the global health system, public sector, and social aspects. It is unarguably the worst pandemic of the century. However, COVID-19 management is a mystery in front of us, and an authentic treatment is urgently needed. Various repurposed drugs, like ivermectin, remdesivir, tocilizumab, baricitinib, etc., have been used to treat COVID-19, but none are promising. Antibody therapy and their combinations are emerging modalities for treating moderate COVID-19, and they have shown the potential to reduce hospitalisations. One antibody monotherapy, bamlanivimab, and two cocktails, casirivimab/imdevimab and bamlanivimab/ esterivimab, have received authorization for emergency use by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of mild COVID-19 in high risk individuals. The European Emergency has made similar recommendations for use of the drug in COVID-19 patients without oxygen therapy. This brief review will focus on monoclonal antibodies and their combination cocktail therapy in managing COVID-19 infection.     

How to manage inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: A guide for the practicing clinician

Managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a challenge faced by clinicians and their patients, especially concerning whether to proceed with biologics and immunosuppressive agents in the background of a global outbreak of a highly contagious new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2). The knowledge about the impact of this virus on patients with IBD, although it is still scarce, is rapidly evolving. In particular, concerns surrounding medications’ impact for IBD on the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection or developing COVID-19, and potentially exacerbate viral replication and the COVID-19 course, are a current thinking of both practicing clinicians and providers caring for patients with IBD. Managing patients with IBD infected with SARS-CoV-2 depends on both the clinical activity of the IBD and the occasional development and severity of COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the current data regarding gastrointestinal involvement by SARS-CoV-2 and pharmacologic and surgical management for IBD concerning this infection, and the COVID-19 impact on both the patient's psychological functioning and endoscopy services, and we concisely summarize the telemedicine roles during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inflammatory bowel disease patients: A review of the current evidence

Since the initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China in December 2019, the infection has now become the biggest medical issue of modern medicine. Two major contributors that amplified the impact of the disease and subsequently increased the burden on health care systems were high mortality among patients with multiple co-morbidities and overcapacity of intensive care units. Within the gastroenterology-related community, particular concern was raised with respect to patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as those patients are prone to opportunistic infections mainly owing to their immunosuppressive-based therapies. Hence, we sought to summarize current knowledge regarding COVID-19 infection in patients with IBD. Overall, it seems that IBD is not a comorbidity that poses an increased risk for COVID-19 acquisition, except in patients treated with 5-aminosalicylates. Furthermore, outcomes of the infected patients are largely dependent on therapeutic modality by which they are treated, as some worsen the clinical course of COVID-19 infection, whereas others seem to dampen the detrimental effects of COVID-19. Finally, we discussed the present and the future impact of COVID-19 pandemic and concomitantly increased health care burden on IBD-management.     

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction from a Single-center Experience in Tokyo

Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on global healthcare systems. Some studies have reported the negative impact of COVID-19 on ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients; however, the impact in Japan remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on STEMI patients admitted to an academic tertiary-care center in Tokyo, Japan. Methods In this retrospective, observational, cohort study, we included 398 consecutive patients who were admitted to our institute from January 1, 2018, to March 10, 2021, and compared the incidence of hospitalization, clinical characteristics, time course, management, and outcomes before and after March 11, 2020, the date when the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Results There was a 10.7% reduction in hospitalization of STEMI patients during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with that in the previous year (117 vs. 131 cases). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of late presentation was significantly higher (26.5% vs. 12.1%, p<0.001), and the onset-to-door [241 (IQR: 70-926) vs. 128 (IQR: 66-493) minutes, p=0.028] and door-to-balloon [72 (IQR: 61-128) vs. 60 (IQR: 43-90) min, p<0.001] times were significantly longer than in the previous year. Furthermore, the in-hospital mortality was higher, but the difference was not significant (9.4% vs. 5.0%, p=0.098). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted STEMI patients in Tokyo and resulted in a slight decrease in hospitalization, a significant increase in late presentation and treatment delays, and a slight but nonsignificant increase in mortality. In the COVID-19 era, the acute management system for STEMI in Japan must be reviewed.     

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on asthma treatment in Japan: Perspectives based on doctors' views

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a great influence on medical practice in Japan. In this study, an online questionnaire-based survey was conducted among doctors routinely involved in the treatment of asthma. The questions included in the survey pertained to their thoughts on asthma treatment amidst COVID-19, changes in their clinical approach toward patients with asthma, and the behavioral changes in patients in the pandemic era. The results revealed a significant impact of the pandemic on asthma treatment. Regardless of whether or not they were directly involved in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, the doctors had avoided using nebulizers in outpatient wards/clinics and routine pulmonary function testing. An increase in canceled appointments and inappropriate/non-adherence to treatment among their patients were noticeable. Furthermore, the survey revealed an extensive impact of the pandemic on the doctors engaged in asthma treatment irrespective of the differences in their medical backgrounds.     

Interaction between hepatitis B virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a global pandemic and garnered international attention.The causative pathogen of COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),a novel,highly contagious coronavirus.Numerous studies have reported that liver injury is quite common in patients with COVID-19.Hepatitis B has a worldwide distribution as well as in China.At present,hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a leading cause of cirrhosis,liver failure,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Because both viruses challenge liver physiology,it raises questions as to how coinfection with HBV and SARS-CoV-2 affect disease progression and mortality.Is there an increased risk of COVID-19 in patients with HBV infection?In this review,we summarize the current reports of SARS-CoV-2 and HBV coinfection and elaborate the interaction of the two diseases.The emphasis was placed on evaluating the impact of HBV infection on disease severity and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and discussing the potential mechanism behind this effect.