双侧肺大泡同期胸腔镜外科治疗效果分析

目的分析胸腔镜同期治疗双侧肺大泡的临床效果。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2011年3月至2013年4月手术治疗160例肺大泡患者的临床资料,根据肺大泡部位及手术方式分为A、B、C三组。A组(108例):自发性气胸、单侧肺大泡,行胸腔镜下单侧肺大泡切除术,其中男88例、女20例,年龄(31.36±16.14)岁;B组(40例):自发性气胸、有双侧肺大泡,行胸腔镜下气胸侧肺大泡切除术,其中男36例、女4例,年龄(37.63±18.84)岁;C组(12例):自发性气胸、双侧肺大泡,同期行胸腔镜下双侧肺大泡切除术;其中男9例、女3例,年龄(32.58±16.06)岁。分析三组患者并发症发生率及对侧气胸发生率。结果全组均顺利完成手术,随访20个月。A组术后发生急性肺水肿1例,胸腔粘连11例,呼吸衰竭2例,术后肺漏气5例;随访期间复发自发性气胸5例,其中同侧2例,对侧3例。B组术后发生胸腔粘连4例,呼吸衰竭1例,术后肺漏气3例;随访期间复发自发性气胸18例,其中同侧3例,对侧15例。C组术后发生胸腔粘连2例,术后肺漏气1例;随访期间同侧复发自发性气胸1例。A组及C组对侧气胸发生率均低于B组,差异有统计学意义(PAB=0.000,PBC=0.031)。结论同期胸腔镜手术预防性治疗对侧肺大泡,疗效满意,安全可靠,能有效预防对侧气胸的发生。     

胸腔镜复杂肺段切除术治疗Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌的围手术期效果

目的 评价胸腔镜复杂肺段切除术治疗Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌的效果.方法 从2017年1月至2020年3月在我院接受胸腔镜下肺段切除术的Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者中筛选出行胸腔镜复杂肺段切除术患者58例(复杂肺段切除术组)和行胸腔镜优势肺段切除术患者33例(优势肺段切除术组).91例患者中,男36例、女55例,中位年龄57(50 ～ ...     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术60例临床分析

目的 探讨全胸腔镜肺叶切除术的临床疗效,并总结其临床经验. 方法 回顾性分析2010年3月至2011年8月成都军区总医院连续60例(病种包括原发性肺癌、肺转移性肿瘤、肺炎性假瘤、肺结核球、肺脓肿、肺曲菌球病等)全胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者的临床资料,其中男37例,女23例;平均年龄52.1(17～77)岁.在电视胸腔镜下行左肺上叶切除术7例,左肺下叶切除术19例,右肺上叶切除术12例,右肺中叶切除术3例,右肺下叶切除术17例,右肺中下叶切除术2例. 结果 所有患者平均手术时间161(50～270)min,术中平均出血量310(50～800)ml,平均清扫淋巴结数13.4(6～29)枚;术后平均胸腔引流量950(250～～2 800)ml,平均胸腔引流时间4.6(3～11)d,平均住ICU时间1.2(1～3)d,术后平均住院时间7.7(4～14)d.所有患者术后无严重并发症发生.随访52例,随访时间7～24个月,失访8例.随访期间5例肺癌患者肿瘤复发,其中纵隔淋巴结转移2例,远处转移3例,给予放化疗治疗,3例病情稳定,2例死亡;其余患者无严重并发症发生. 结论 全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺部良、恶性疾病是安全、有效的.     

胸腔镜肺癌切除术135例临床分析

目的探讨胸腔镜肺癌切除术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2015年3月内蒙古医科大学附属医院行胸腔镜肺癌肺叶或亚肺叶切除术135例患者的临床资料,其中男86例、女49例,年龄56.3(44~81)岁。完成胸腔镜肺叶切除120例,右肺中下叶切除4例,肺楔形切除6例,肺段切除5例,同时行淋巴结清扫术。结果围手术期死亡1例,无支气管胸膜瘘及二次手术者。3例患者中转开胸,余均在腔镜下顺利完成手术。结论胸腔镜肺癌切除术安全有效,合理选择手术适应证可获得良好的治疗效果,值得在基层医院推广应用。     

食管、肺双原发癌胸腔镜下同期手术17例报告

目的探讨胸腔镜下食管、肺双原发癌同期手术的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2005年7月~2015年12月我科同期胸腔镜手术治疗食管、肺双原发癌17例资料。如术前肺部病灶活检明确诊断为癌,先行患侧胸腔镜肺楔形切除、肺段切除或肺叶切除术,再行右侧胸腔镜食管癌切除术。术前肺部病灶病理未明确者,先行患侧胸腔镜下肺楔形切除或肺段切除术,快速病理检查,病理结果为原位癌行肺段切除并淋巴结采样,病理结果提示浸润癌行肺叶切除、纵隔淋巴结清扫术,再行右侧胸腔镜食管癌切除术。结果 17例均完成同期手术,1例术后7天因肺栓塞死亡。术后颈部吻合口漏1例,声音嘶哑2例,肺部感染1例,均治愈。术后病理证实17例食管癌均为鳞癌;17例肺癌中腺癌13例,腺鳞癌3例,小细胞癌1例。术后随访死亡8例,生存时间12~36个月,平均33.6月;存活8例,随访12~60个月,平均45.6月。结论胸腔镜下同期手术治疗食管、肺双原发癌,围手术期治疗效果及预后较好,风险可承受,手术方式安全可行。     

数字化胸腔引流系统在胸腔镜肺切除术后应用的临床价值

目的 探讨数字化胸腔引流系统在胸腔镜肺切除术后患者中的临床应用效果.方法 回顾性分析2018年6月 ～2019年3月我科210例肺切除手术的临床资料,根据术后采用引流装置的不同分为观察组(术后采用数字化胸腔引流系统)和对照组(术后采用传统胸腔引流装置).比较2组术后留置胸腔引流管时间、术后住院时间、术后疼痛程度、术后胸...     

达芬奇机器人与胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的有效性对比

目的:对比研究达芬奇机器人与胸腔镜下肺段切除术患者的围手术期数据,评价机器人肺段切除术的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析2018年12月～2020年2月在郑州大学第一附属医院胸外科行机器人肺段切除术68例患者(机器人组)和胸腔镜下肺段切除术49例患者(胸腔镜组)的临床资料.比较两组患者肺段切除类型、术后疼痛评分、住院费用、手术时间、术中失血量、清扫淋巴结组数及个数、术后住院时间、胸腔引流管留置时间、引流总量以及术后并发症发生情况,从而明确两种手术方式的有效性差异.结果:机器人组比胸腔镜组术后疼痛评分更低[(1.94±0.64)分Vs(2.29±0.65)分,P<0.05];N1淋巴结清扫的组数[1(1～2)组Vs 2(1～3)组,P=0.002]和数量[2(1～3)枚Vs 3(1～4)枚,P=0.014]有差异,机器人组优于胸腔镜组;住院费用为80815.00(47914.79～113023.66)元和98213.41(65302.90～155561.88)元,机器人组高于胸腔镜组(P<0.05).结论:机器人和胸腔镜肺段切除术对非小细胞肺癌的早期治疗是安全可行的,而机器人肺段切除术可能有更好的N1淋巴结清扫效果.     

三维CT联合吲哚菁绿近红外成像技术在肺段切除中的应用价值

目的 探讨三维CT(3D-CT)重建联合吲哚菁绿近红外成像技术(ICGF)在胸腔镜肺段切除中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2019-06-2019-12间在河南省胸科医院行胸腔镜肺段切除术的19例患者的临床资料.结果 19例患者术中均识别靶血管、靶支气管及段间交界线,并成功完成胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术.结论 术前3D-CT...     

带金属支撑的多侧孔超细引流管对单孔胸腔镜肺上叶切除术后胸腔残腔形成影响的单中心回顾性研究

目的 探讨带金属支撑的多侧孔超细引流管对单孔胸腔镜肺上叶切除术后胸腔残腔形成的影响。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年4月兰州大学第一医院胸外科收治的行单孔胸腔镜肺上叶切除术肺癌根治患者的临床资料。根据术中使用超细引流管类型将患者分为试验组（使用带金属支撑的多侧孔10F超细引流管）与对照组（使用普通12F超细引流管）。比较两组患者术后胸腔残腔发生率及手术相关资料。结果 共纳入200例患者,其中男126例、女74例,平均年龄57.52岁。试验组90例,对照组110例。试验组术后胸腔残腔的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P=0.045）;两组患者术后下床活动时间、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分、术后使用镇痛泵时间、术后住院时间、术后胸腔穿刺引流次数、术后引流管拔除时间、住院费用差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验组术后肺部感染、胸腔积液、肺不张发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者术前麻醉时间、手术时间、术中出血量以及术后肺漏气发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 带金属支撑的多侧孔超细引流管可降低单孔胸腔镜肺上叶切除术后胸腔残腔发生率,...     

胸段硬膜外阻滞复合胸内迷走神经阻滞麻醉用于胸腔镜单侧肺大疱切除术中的效果

目的探讨胸段硬膜外阻滞复合胸内迷走神经阻滞麻醉用于胸腔镜单侧肺大疱切除术的效果。方法选取58例接受胸腔镜下单侧肺大疱切除术患者,随机分为2组,各29例。对照组给予全身麻醉,观察组给予胸段硬膜外阻滞复合胸内迷走神经阻滞麻醉。比较2组患者的住院时间、术后疼痛程度(VAS)、并发症及麻醉前、肺复张前、手术结束时Pa CO2、Pa O2等变化情况。结果观察组术后VAS评分、住院时间、肺复张前Pa CO2及Pa O2和并发症发生率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论胸段硬膜外阻滞复合胸内迷走神经阻滞麻醉用于胸腔镜单侧肺大疱切除术,具有疼痛轻、术后恢复快、并发症少、血流动力学稳定等优势。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.