伴有新月体形成的原发性IgA肾病的临床与病理特点及预后分析

目的观察伴有新月体形成的原发性IgA肾病的临床、病理特点,分析其对激素及环磷酰胺治疗的反应。 方法收集包头医学院第一附属医院1997年8月至2015年04月收治的80例经肾活检确诊为原发性IgA肾病并伴新月体形成的患者,并依据新月体累及的肾小球比例进行分组,新月体占受累肾小球比例≥50% (A组) 24例;新月体累及的肾小球比例<50%(B组) 56例。肾小球系膜增生、肾小管间质病变采用R.Katafuchi标准积分量化。对两组的临床及病理特点进行比较。治疗方案：将A、B两组再分为单纯糖皮质激素(激素)治疗组,激素＋环磷酰胺治疗组,分别比较不同治疗方案对各组的疗效。A、B组各有24例患者接受了随访。应用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。 结果①临床方面：32例(40%)患者有镜下血尿＋蛋白尿,76例(95%)患者尿蛋白≥2 g/24 h,32例(40%)患者有肉眼血尿;水肿、高血压、肾功能异常者超过半数。A组尿蛋白量及血清肌酐明显高于B组(t＝1.890,t＝2.570; P<0.05),血清白蛋白及肾小球滤过率明显低于B组(t＝2.681, t＝3.014;P<0.05)。②病理方面：所有受累肾小球的新月体面积百分比为5.92%～88.9%,其中A组为52.6%～88.9%, B组为5.92%～48.9%;与B组比较A组肾小管间质损害更严重,两组比较差异有统计学(P<0.05)。③治疗情况：A组及B组经激素或激素＋环磷酰胺治疗后,尿蛋白定量均明显减少(P<0.05) ;单纯激素治疗后A组血清肌酐较治疗前有明显下降(t＝3.243,P<0.05)。随访2～4年时,A组8例患者出现血清肌酐升高,达透析指征,1例死亡;B组2例患者出现血清肌酐升高(1例原有轻度升高,1例新出现血清肌酐升高)。 结论IgA肾病患者随着新月体占受累肾小球比例的增加,肾小管间质病理损害及临床表现亦逐渐加重且预后不佳;激素治疗可减少伴有大新月体形成的原发性IgA肾病的蛋白尿并有可能改善其肾功能。     

IgA肾病患者高血压的相关因素分析

目的探讨IgA肾病患者高血压的相关因素。方法经肾脏活体组织检查确诊的IgA肾病患者120例,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析IgA肾病患者高血压发生的相关因素。结果120例IgA肾病患者中伴有高血压患者39例（占32．5％）。单因素分析发现,24h尿蛋白定量≥2．0g、尿素氮（BUN）≥8mmol／L、血肌酐（SCr）≥133μmol／L、肾小球率过滤（GFR）〈60ml·min^-1·（1．73m^2）^-1、高尿酸血症、贫血、肾小球慢性病变指数≥4分、肾间质炎症细胞侵润〉25％、肾小管萎缩和问质纤维化〉25％、肾小动脉管壁增厚、Lee分级Ⅳ～Ⅴ级与IgA肾病患者高血压相关。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,蛋白尿程度、GFR水平为IgA肾病高血压发生的独立危险因素。结论32．5％的IgA肾病患者伴有高血压,蛋白尿程度、GFR水平是高血压的独立危险因素。     

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of IgA nephropathy with crescentic formation in children

Objective To observe the clinical, pathological features and prognosis of IgA nephropathy in children with crescent formation. Methods A total of 38 cases of children with IgA nephropathy diagnosed by renal biopsy at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether there were crescent formation, they were divided into crescents formation group (crescent formation≥10%, n=18) and control group consisting of children with complete clinical data and matching age, gender and course of disease (no crescent formation, n=20). The clinical, pathological features and prognosis of the two groups were compared. Results Fourteen cases (77.78%) of crescents formation group were associated with nausea hematuria, and 12 cases (66.67%) had hypertension, 8 patients in control group (40%) had gross hematuria, and 6 cases (30%) had high blood pressure. The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). In crescents formation group, Alb and eGFR were significantly lower than those of control group. 24 h urine protein and Scr were significantly higher than those of control group and there were significant statistically differences between two groups (P＜0.05). Nephropathological changes in crescent formation group were mainly in grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ and were usually combined with tubular interstitial damages. In addition to IgA immunoglobulin deposition, they often accompanied by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin deposition. In control group, nephropathological changes were mainly in grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱand tubular interstitial damages were rare. IgA was the main form of deposition in control group. After 12 weeks steroid treatment and (or) immunosuppressive therapy, urinary protein turned negative in 7 cases in crescent formation group, 24 h urinary protein level declined by half than before in 7 cases and no obvious change in 4 cases. In control group, urinary protein turned negative in 12 cases, 6 cases showed a more than 50% decline in urinary protein level and 2 cases had no obvious change. During the 1-3 years of follow-up, renal function of 14 cases and 19 cases was normal in the crescent formation group and control group respectively, serum creatinine of 3 cases and 1 case increased mildly in the crescent formation group and control group respectively, 1 case needed dialysis treatment in the crescent formation group and the one in the control group who had slightly increasement of Scr did not reach the standard of dialysis treatment. Conclusions The clinical and pathological manifestations of children with IgA nephropathy with crescent formation are more severe and more likely to manifest renal insufficiency, suggesting that crescent formation is one of the indicators of poor prognosis.     

Clinical and pathological features of different type of dyslipidemia in children with IgA nephropathy

Objective To investigate the impact of different type of dyslipidemia on clinical and pathological characteristics in children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods A retrospective study was performed at the Children Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2006 to September 2019. Children diagnosed with primary IgAN was divided into dyslipidemia group and normal blood lipid group according to whether the blood lipid is normal, and was divided into the following four groups: hypercholesterolemia group, hypertriglyceridemia group, mixed hyperlipidemia group and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) group according to clinical classification. The clinical and pathological features in different groups were analyzed, and the risk factors of dyslipidemia were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 252 children with IgAN were enrolled in this study, including 169 males and 83 females, with a male/female ratio of 2.04∶1 and an age of (9.3±3.1) years. Among them, 34.5% IgAN children were complicated with hypertension, and 170 cases (67.5%) were in dyslipidemia group, 82 cases (32.5%) in normal blood lipid group. According to clinical classification, the children in dyslipidemia group were divided into hypercholesterolemia group (58 cases, 23.0%), hypertriglyceridemia group (16 cases, 6.3%), mixed hyperlipidemia group (77 cases, 30.6%) and low HDL-C group (19 cases, 7.5%). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, proportion of hypertension, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and urinary protein in dyslipidemia group were higher than those in normal blood lipid group (all P＜0.05), and the levels of serum albumin, blood IgA and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were less (all P＜0.05). The proportion of IgAN children in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1 and CKD stage 2-5 with dyslipidemia was 65.0% and 84.4% respectively, and the proportion of IgAN children with CKD stage 2-5 in dyslipidemia group was higher than that in normal group (P＜0.05). The dyslipidemia group had a higher proportion of Lee Ⅲ-V grade than normal blood lipid group (P＜0.01). The results of Oxford pathological classification showed that the proportions of M1 and E1 in dyslipidemia group were higher than those in normal lipid group (all P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis and crescent between the two groups (all P＞0.05). The comparison results between groups with different types of dyslipidemia showed that systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum uric acid and urinary protein in the mixed hyperlipidemia group were higher than those in other groups (all P＜0.05), and the serum albumin level was less (P＜0.01). The results of Oxford pathological classification showed that the proportion of E1 in hypercholesterolemia group and mixed hyperlipidemia group was higher (P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (OR=2.734, 95%CI 1.327-5.632, P=0.006) and low serum albumin (OR=0.838, 95%CI 0.791-0.889, P＜0.001) were the risk factors of dyslipidemia in children with IgAN. Conclusions In our center, 67.5% IgAN children are accompanied by dyslipidemia. The clinical manifestations and pathological changes of these dyslipidemia children are more severe than those with normal blood lipid, and the IgAN children with mixed hyperlipidemia are more notable. Hypertension and low serum albumin are the risk factors of dyslipidemia in children with IgAN.     

Effect of tonsillectomy combined with glucocorticoids in the treatment of IgA nephropathy children on long-term clinical remission and renal prognosis

Objective To investigate the effect of tonsillectomy combined with glucocorticoids therapy on long-term clinical remission and renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) children with recurrent acute onset history of tonsillitis. Methods The clinical data of children who were diagnosed with primary IgAN from January 2000 to December 2017 in Jinling Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All participants were treated with long course therapy of glucocorticoids. The children with recurrent acute onset history of tonsillitis were divided into tonsillectomy group and non-tonsillectomy group according to whether to perform tonsillectomy, followed up until the patients' serum creatinine doubled, the estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased by more than 50%, progression to end-stage renal disease, renal replacement therapy or death. The renal survival rate was calculated and compared by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the effect of tonsillectomy on the renal prognosis of IgAN children. Results A total of 120 children with IgAN were enrolled in this study, including 40 cases in tonsillectomy group and 80 cases in non-tonsillectomy group. The median follow-up time was 97.5(57.3, 132.0) months. The clinical remission rate in the tonsillectomy group was higher than that in the non-tonsillectomy group (72.5% vs 45.0%, χ2=8.123, P=0.004). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that there was no significant difference in renal survival rate between the two groups (Log-rank test χ2=0.070, P=0.791). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that tonsillectomy was not an independent risk factor affecting renal end-point events in IgAN children (HR=0.986, 95%CI 0.499-1.948, P=0.967). Conclusions The clinical remission rate of IgAN children undergoing tonsillectomy is higher than that of children without tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy is not an independent factor affecting renal end-point events in IgAN children. Tonsillectomy does not delay the time of entry into end-stage renal disease for children with IgAN.     

Association of secretory IgA with clinical pathological characteristics and complement activation in IgA nephropathy

Objective To further investigate the association among clinical pathology, complement activation and renal secretory IgA (SIgA) deposition in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods The activation of serum complements were detected by immunoturbidimetry and ELISA. Renal deposition of SIgA and activation of complements were detected by immunofluorescence. Then the association among clinical pathology, complement activation and renal SIgA deposition were analyzed in IgAN patients. Results In all 201 patients with IgAN,59 patients had SIgA deposition with higher incidences of mucosal infection history and hematuria (P＜0.05), lower levels of serum cystatin C, β2 microglobulin and lower tubulointerstitial lesion grades and T?grade in the Oxford classification (P＜0.05), when compared with patients without SIgA deposition. Both alternative and mannose binding lectin (MBL) pathways were activated in patients with or without SIgA deposition. Patients with MBL pathway activation had lower estimate glomerular filtration rate (P＜0.01), higher serum creatinine, higher proportion of glomerulosclerosis and S?grade in the Oxford classification, more severe tubulointerstitial lesion (P＜0.05). Conclusions Compared with patients without SIgA deposition, patients with SIgA deposition have a stronger link to mucosal immune. The deposition of SIgA is associated with different clinical and pathological manifestations; however, the complement activation is similar in both groups of patients. Patients with MBL pathway activation show more severe kidney injury.     

IgA肾病简明半定量病理评分方法及其与预后的关系

目的 建立一个用于预测预后且相对简明的IgA肾病组织学半定量评分方法。方法回顾性分析北京大学第一医院肾内科确诊为原发性IgA肾病并有2年以上随访资料的患者155例,终点事件为进入不可逆的终末期肾衰竭（ESRD）。所有病理切片均经重新阅片,其中91例由一位病理医师分别两次阅片,56例由两位病理医师分别独立阅片评分,判断重复性。初始的8个病理指标指数：（1）内皮细胞增生（endoI）;（2）活动性新月体及节段性袢坏死（dGAI）;（3）系膜细胞增生（MsHI）;（4）系膜基质增多（MsMI）;（5）肾小球慢性病变（GCI）;（6）肾间质炎症细胞浸润（infl）;（7）肾小管萎缩和肾间质纤维化（TCI）;（8）小动脉慢性病变（VCI）。结果 肾穿时Scr为（112．18±83．13）μmol/L。25例患者（16．13%）在随访期内[（69．07±28．66）月,10～170个月]达到终点（ESRD）。对初始的8个病理指标进行多变量生存分析,选出以下3个与预后最相关的变量组成评分方法：dGAI、GCI和TCI。后两项之和组成慢性指数CI。在多因素生存分析中,dGAI和CI都与肾脏生存率呈正相关（RR分别为1．255和1．691,P＜0．05）,是影响预后的独立危险因素。根据患者的dGAI和CI进行分组．显示dGAI≥4且CI≥6者预后最差（P＜0．01）。对CKDⅠ、Ⅱ期患者的多种临床病理指标进行多因素生存分析,仅CI是影响预后的独立危险因素。评分法具有良好的重复性,kappa值均大于0．4。结论 由代表活动性病变的dGAI和代表慢性病变的CI组成的IgA肾病组织学半定量评分法能够有效地判断预后,且具有良好的重复性。     

伴恶性高血压IgA肾病的临床病理特征及其与肾血管病变的相关性

目的 分析伴恶性高血压IgA肾病（IgAN-MHT）的临床病理特征并探讨其与肾血管病变的相关性。 方法 从我科1997年4月至2007年5月间肾活检确诊的2000例原发性IgA肾病中筛选出29例IgAN-MHT患者，收集其临床、病理及预后资料。半定量分析肾小球、肾小管间质及血管（肾内微动脉、小动脉）的病理改变，包括436条入球动脉、124条小叶间动脉及5条弓形动脉。分析血管病变与肾脏病理改变、临床指标及预后的相关性。终点事件为基线Scr水平增加1倍或终末期肾病。 结果 原发性IgAN中MHT发生率约为1.5%。IgAN-MHT患者的临床表现主要为肾功能不全（100%）、高尿酸血症（62.7%）、高三酰甘油血症（51.7%），尿蛋白量（24 h）平均为2.8 g。常见肾脏病理改变为中度系膜细胞增殖、重度肾小球硬化、重度间质炎细胞浸润、重度肾小管萎缩及间质纤维化。IgAN-MHT患者的肾内小动脉（弓形动脉和小叶间动脉）及微动脉（入球动脉）均可受累。常见肾内血管病变特点为动脉闭塞、动脉中膜增厚、增生性动脉内膜炎（洋葱皮样改变、黏液样变性）、血管壁透明样变性，其中以肾内动脉闭塞为主（86.2%）。微动脉病变程度与年龄、总蛋白水平呈负相关；血管闭塞程度与尿酸水平呈正相关。平均随访21.1个月（1~84个月），14例患者达到终点。肾内微动脉病变是IgAN-MHT患者预后不良的主要危险因素(RR = 10.21，95%CI = 1.16~89.67)。 结论 IgAN-MHT的主要临床特点是肾功能不全；主要病理特征是以动脉闭塞为主的微动脉病变。微动脉病变是IgAN-MHT患者预后不良的主要危险因素。     

原发性IgA肾病与非IgA系膜增生性肾小球肾炎的临床病理分析

目的 比较原发性IgA肾病与非IgA系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis,non-IgA MsPGN）的临床及肾脏病理改变特点.方法 选择我科经肾活检确诊的原发性IgA肾病患者（A组）和non-IgA MsPGN患者（B组）进行临床与病理资料对比分析.结果 A、B组的性别、前驱上呼吸道感染诱因、起病时伴发高血压、镜下血尿、血肌酐无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.B组较A组起病年龄小,起病时伴发肉眼血尿比率低,肾病综合征发生率高,血IgG水平低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.A组肾小球、肾小管间质、肾小动脉病理改变发生率高于B组（P＜0.05）,IgM、C3沉积、系膜区电子致密物沉积、大块状致密物、足细胞微绒毛化、肾小球基底膜分层发生率均较B组高（P＜0.01）.结论 IgA肾病与non-IgA MsPGN在临床表现、病理改变上存在明显差异,IgA肾病较non-IgA MsPGN病理损伤重.     

IgA肾病呈单纯血尿和(或)轻度蛋白尿临床病理分析

目的 探讨单纯血尿和／或轻度蛋白尿IgA肾病患者病理特点及临床病理相关性,并进行危险因素分析。方法 选取肾脏疾病数据库1988-2001年我科收住的248例临床表现为单纯血尿和／或伴有轻度蛋白尿(尿蛋白定量≤1.0 g／d)的IgA肾病患者,血压、肾功能均正常,采用单盲法进行临床和病理分级(Haas分级),多因素回归分析法进行病理损伤的危险因素评估。结果(1)临床特点:49％(121例)患者同时存在血尿和蛋白尿,47％(117例)为单纯血尿,4％(10例)为单纯蛋白尿;(2)病理特点:35.5％(88例)病理损伤偏重,Haas分级Ⅱ-Ⅳ级。蛋白尿是病理损伤偏重(HaasⅡ级以上)的独立危险因素(OR=3.46,95％CI:1.54-7.79,P=0.002)。随着蛋白尿程度的增加,其病理损伤偏重的危险性亦明显增加。结论 相当一部分临床表现轻微的IgA肾病患者病理偏重,蛋白尿是危险因子,即使轻度蛋白尿亦和病理损伤明显相关。对于怀疑IgA肾病患者,尽管只有少量蛋白尿亦应进行肾活检,有助于发现病理损伤偏重的患者。     

Clinicopathological features and outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy patients with chronic tonsillitis

Objective To explore the clinicopathological features and renal outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients with chronic tonsillitis. Methods Patients with biopsy-proven primary IgAN admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2006 to December 2011 were enrolled. The clinicopathological features and renal outcomes of patients with and without chronic tonsillitis were retrospectively compared. The primary outcome was progression to end stage renal diseases and/or doubling of serum creatinine. Results A total of 981 primary IgAN patients were enrolled and 98 patients (9.99%) had a history of chronic tonsillitis. Compared with patients without chronic tonsillitis, IgAN patients with chronic tonsillitis exhibited significantly higher prevalence of acute episodes of tonsillitis as a predisposition (P＜0.001), higher serum IgA levels (P=0.012), and higher prevalence of macrohematuria (P=0.006). No significant difference in renal pathological features was observed in patients with and without chronic tonsillitis. Moreover, the renal outcomes were similar as regards IgAN patients with and without chronic tonsillitis. Conclusion IgAN patients with chronic tonsillitis had higher prevalence of acute episodes of tonsillitis and macrohematuria as well as higher serum IgA levels. However, IgAN patients with and without chronic tonsillitis showed no significant difference in renal pathological features and renal outcomes.     

Clinicopathological and prognostic analysis of children with primary IgA nephropathy with C1q deposition

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features and prognosis of children with IgA nephropathy with C1q deposition. Methods The children with IgA nephropathy diagnosed by renal biopsy from January 1, 2000 to December 30, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into C1q deposit group and C1q negative group according to glomerular immunofluorescence examination. Follow-up until the patient's serum creatinine doubled, glomerular filtration rate decreased by more than 50%, entering end-stage kidney disease, renal replacement therapy or death. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the renal survival rate in two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the effect of C1q deposition on the prognosis of patients with IgA nephropathy. Results There were 60 cases in C1q deposition group and 60 cases in C1q negative group. (1) the initial eGFR and plasma albumin in C1q deposition group were lower than those in C1q negative group, while the levels of serum creatinine, serum cholesterol and 24 hour urinary protein in C1q group were higher than those in C1q negative group (all P＜0.05). (2) pathological indexes: Mesangial cell proliferation, tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, and cell/fibrocytic crescein score in C1q negative group were significantly higher than those in C1q negative group (all P＜0.0.5). (3) Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was significant difference in renal cumulative survival rate between the two groups (Log-rank test: χ2=6.801, P=0.009). Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that the risk of renal end-point events in IgAN children with C1q deposition group was 5.772 times higher than that in C1q negative group (HR=5.772, 95%CI: 1.353-24.6211, P=0.018). Conclusion C1q deposition is an independent risk factor for the progress of renal function in IgA nephropathy children.     

The disease characteristics of patients both with IgA nephropathy and diabetes mellitus

Objective To sum up and analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics in patients with both IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 500 patients were recruited, including 25 patients with both IgAN and diabetes mellitus, and 475 patients with IgAN only, who were diagnosed by renal-biopsy during Jan 2015 to Jan 2017 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The clinical and pathological data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Propensity Score Matching was used to match and select the patients in the both groups, and thereafter the depth of the basement membrane from the matched patients were compared using electron microscopy. The data of the patients whose follow-up time was ≥3 months were retrospectively collected, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the difference of the prognosis. Results Compared to the patients with IgAN only, patients with both IgAN and diabetes mellitus were older [(46.36±13.49) years vs (34.00±13.80) years, P＜0.001], had higher level of serum triglyceride [2.06(1.52, 3.11) mmol/L vs 1.51(1.01, 2.25) mmol/L, P=0.012] and thicker basement membrane [(384.33±61.20) nm vs (346.72±52.65) nm, P=0.044]. The patients with both IgAN and diabetes mellitus were more prone to reach the composite endpoint [4/7(57.14%) vs 25/265(9.33%), P＜0.001] and had worse prognosis (Log-Rank test, P=0.004). Conclusions IgAN patients with diabetes mellitus have different clinical, pathological characteristics and prognosis from patients with IgAN alone. These patients need to be closely monitored and actively treated.     

Clinico-pathological features and renal outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy with IgM deposition

Objective To investigate the clinico-pathological features and renal outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with glomerular IgM deposition. Methods Primary IgAN diagnosed with biopsy from January 2006 to December 2011 were recruited. Patients were divided into groups according to IgM deposition (Group A) and without IgM deposition (Group B). In addition, Group A was subdivided into two groups based on the position of IgM deposits as the mesangium (Group A1) and both mesangium and capillary wall (Group A2). Renal outcomes were defined as end stage renal disease (ESRD) and/or the doubling of baseline serum creatinine. Clinico-pathological features were retrospectively compared. Kaplan-Meier was conducted for renal outcomes, and Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic value of IgM deposition and the position of IgM deposition in the progression of nephropathy in IgAN patients. Results 939 patients were enrolled with 422 (44.9%) having IgM deposition (Group A). Of the 422 patients, 382 patients were divided as Group A1, whereas 40 patients were noted as Group A2. Compared to Group B, hemoglobin, serum protein, albumin and serum IgG levels in group A were significantly lower, and the cholesterol and serum IgM levels were significantly higher (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary protein, blood pressure and uric acid between group A and B. In terms of pathological manifestations, patients in Group A exhibited more severe histological lesions including glomerular sclerosis, S1, M1 and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration (all P＜0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that the proportion of IgG, C1q and Fg deposition in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (all P＜0.05). By Kaplan-Meier, cumulative renal survival rate has no significant difference between Group A and B (Log-rank test χ2=0.019, P=0.891). Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that IgM deposition had no significant effect on the renal progression in IgAN patients. Subgroup analysis showed that patients in Group A2 exhibited higher urine protein, creatinine and blood pressure, and lower eGFR and serum albumin, also had worse histological lesions including M1, E1 and T1-2 of Oxford classification (all P＜0.05), Immunofluorescence showed that the proportion of IgG, C1q and Fg deposition in group A2 was significantly higher than that in group A1 (all P＜0.05). By Kaplan-Meier, renal survival rates calculated from outcomes were lower in Group A2 (Log-rank test χ2=18.207, P＜0.001). In addition, IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall was a risk factor for renal progression of IgAN patients with IgM deposition by a univariate Cox hazards regression mode and multivariable-adjusted Cox models (HR=3.621, 95%CI 1.924-6.814, P＜0.001; HR=2.309, 95%CI 1.176-4.533, P=0.015 respectively). Conclusions The IgAN patients with IgM deposition relatively had more severe clinico-pathological changes, especially those with IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall. In this study, IgM deposition was not found to be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of kidney in IgAN patients. However, IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall was an independent risk factor for renal prognosis in IgAN patients with IgM deposition.     

血清尿酸对IgA肾病临床病理及预后的影响

目的 探讨血清尿酸对IgA肾病临床病理及预后的影响。 方法 对我院348例经肾穿刺活检确诊为原发性IgA肾病患者的临床、病理及随访资料进行回顾性分析。 结果 不同肾小球滤过率（GFR）的高尿酸组患者尿蛋白量（24 h）、BUN及Scr等与非高尿酸组患者差异均无统计学意义。高血尿酸组患者球性硬化、肾小管间质积分、血管病变积分的病理改变与非高尿酸组差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。随访结束时,高尿酸组GFR下降和终末期肾衰竭的发生率均高于非高尿酸组,分别为40.82%比15.70%和64.71%比35.00%（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 不同血清尿酸水平的IgA肾病临床表现相似,但病理存在差异,且影响患者的预后。加强血清尿酸水平随访具有重要的意义。     

不同性别成人IgA肾病患者临床特征

目的了解不同性别成人原发性IgA肾病（IgAnephropathy,IgAN）患者的临床特征。方法选择我科1996年3月至2009年11月经肾活检确诊为kAN的成人患者192例,对比分析男性和女性患者各临床表现和病理积分特点。结果成人IgAN患者中,不同性别患者的病程、发病年龄、血胆固醇、清蛋白、血IgA、血C3、尿红细胞计数和估算肾小球滤过率值的差异无统计学意义,但男性收缩压、舒张压、血肌酐、尿素氮、血尿酸及24h尿蛋白定量明显高于女性,差异显著。男性高血压、高尿酸血症、高三酰甘油血症、24h尿蛋白定量〉1g的比例显著高于女性。男女患者的肾小球积分、肾小管间质积分、血管积分及慢性病变、活动性病变积分差异均无统计学意义。肾功能中度损伤的独立危险因素为高尿酸血症（r=9．146,95．0％CI：2．322-36．026,P〈0．01）、总积分（r=2．772,95．0％CI：1．709～4．496,P〈0．01）、肾小球积分（r=0．522,95．0％CI：0．287-0．952,P〈0．05）。结论成人IgAN患者肾活检时男女患者间的肾功能及。肾脏病理改变并无明显差异,但男性患者相关临床病变重,血压、血肌酐、血尿酸及24h尿蛋白定量高,需积极干预延缓其进展。     

Determination of plasma antiglycan autoantibodies in patients with IgA nephropathy and the correlation with clinical characteristics

Objective To establish the measurement of IgA1 O-glycan-specific antiglycan autoantibodies in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and evaluate their role in the development and progression of IgAN. Methods In the IgAN regular follow-up cohort of Peking University Institute of Nephrology from January 2006 to December 2015, 170 patients drawn by stratified randomization were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of plasma galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) and antiglycan autoantibody (IgG and IgA1). The correlation between antiglycan autoantibodies and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by linear correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the value of plasma anti glycide antibodies in the diagnosis of IgAN. Results IgG and IgA1 antiglycan autoantibodies that specifically recognized Fab-hinge region (Fab-HR) antigens could be detected in both IgAN and healthy control group. Agglutinin inhibition test showed that the specific antigen epitope was N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue exposed to galactose deficiency in IgA1 hinged region. There was no significant difference in the absolute levels of plasma IgG antiglycan autoantibodies between IgAN and healthy controls (P=0.963). After adjustment of the plasma level of IgG, the normalized antiglycan autoantibody (ln[IgG antiglycan antibody/IgG]) in patients with IgAN was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (0.58±0.31 vs 0.37±0.11, P﹤0.01). The normalized level of IgG antiglycan autoantibody in IgAN patients was positively correlated with 24 h urine protein level during renal biopsy (Spearman r=0.183, P﹤0.05), and was also significantly correlated with 24 h urinary protein level after adjusting for baseline clinical and pathological factors (β=0.713, 95%CI 0.323-1.102, P﹤0.01). The area under ROC curve (AUC) of normalized IgG antiglycan autoantibody in the diagnosis of IgAN was 0.764 (95% CI 0.682-0.845, P﹤0.05). Using the cut-off value of 0.396, the sensitivity and specificity of normalized IgG antiglycan autoantibody for IgAN were 0.729 and 0.700 respectively. There was no significant difference in the absolute or normalized levels of IgA1 antiglycan autoantibodies between IgAN patients and healthy controls. Conclusions Gd-IgA1-specific antiglycan autoantibodies can be detected both in IgAN patients and healthy controls. They are elevated in some patients with IgAN and possibly involved in the development of IgAN.     

Clinical and pathological significance of circadian blood pressure rhythm change in IgA nephropathy patients with hypertension

Objective To investigate whether the clinical and pathological injury of kidney in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients with hypertension is associated with circadian blood pressure rhythm change, particularly with elevated nocturnal blood pressure (BP). Methods This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Clinic and renal histopathological injury data were obtained from 83 IgAN patients with hypertension. First, 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) data were analyzed. Second, all these IgAN patients were divided into two groups, elevated nocturnal BP group and nocturnal normotensive BP group, and the clinical and pathological differences between this two groups were analyzed. Third, logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of renal tubulointerstitial injury in IgAN patients with hypertension. At last, all these IgAN patients were divided into two groups according to the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), group of patients with eGFR≥60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 and the other group with eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1, and the 24 h ABPM data were compared. Results (1) The proportion of non-dipper circadian rhythm of BP in IgAN patients with hypertension was 79.5%. (2) Compared with nocturnal normotensive BP group, patients in elevated nocturnal BP group had significantly higher levels of 24-hour urinary protein quantity and blood uric acid (both P＜0.05), and lower eGFR and urine osmotic pressure clinically (both P＜0.05). Index of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy was significantly higher in nocturnal normotensive BP group (P＜0.05), while the proportion of glomerular ischemia lesion was not significantly different between two groups. (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated nocturnal BP was an independent risk factor for severe tubulointerstitial injury of IgAN (OR=1.113, 95%CI 1.038-1.192, P=0.002). (4) Compared with the group of eGFR≥60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1, 24-hour systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), daytime SBP and DBP, nocturnal SBP and DBP were significantly higher in group of eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 (all P＜0.05). Conclusion The proportion of non-dipper circadian rhythm of BP in IgAN patients with hypertension is as high as 79.5%. Elevated nocturnal BP is associated with the severity of renal damage, and elevated nocturnal BP is an independent risk factor for severe tubulointerstitial injury in IgAN patients with hypertension. Therefore, 24 h ABPM should be emphasized, and elevated nocturnal BP should be well controlled to slow the progression of IgAN.     

Impact of microvascular injury on IgA nephropathy associated with malignant hypertension: a preliminary study

ObjectiveTo observe the vascular lesions of renal small arteries and arterioles as well as clinco - pathological characteristics among patients with IgA nephropathy associated with malignant hypertension (IgAN-MHT). To explore the clinical significance of peritubular capillary (PTC) loss and renal tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration in the same population. MethodsThirty - four (1.9%) IgAN-MHT patients were diagnosed among the 1765 cases of primary IgA nephropathy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2003 to March 2012. Their clinical records were reviewed and the lesions of glomeruli, tubules, interstitium and renal vessels were semi-quantitatively re-evaluated. PTC and renal tubulointerstitial macrophages were demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. ResultsThe IgAN-MHT patients were mainly young males with very high blood pressure. They had variant renal function impairment and urinary protein excretion. Acute and chronic vascular changes coexisted in the renal small arteries and arterioles, but all the vascular lesions failed to correlate with renal function. The renal tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration was prominent and correlated well with renal function. PTC loss was also prominent and the PTC proportion was correlated with renal function. ConclusionsIn IgAN - MHT patients, the renal vascular changes do not correlate with renal function, but PTC loss and renal tubulointerstitial macrophage infiltration are both prominent and may reflect renal function impairment.     

伴有高血压的IgA肾病临床病理与预后分析

目的探讨伴有高血压的IgA肾病的临床表现和病理特点的关系。方法回顾性分析我科经肾脏活体组织检查诊断为IgA肾病82例患者的一般情况、临床表现、病理资料。根据病程中血压状况分为高血压组（A组）33例;非高血压组（B组）49例。比较2组的临床和病理资料。结果A组伴有高血压的IgA肾病患者,占同期IgA肾病的40．24％。A组贫血、高尿酸血症、肾功能不全发生率高于B组（P〈0．05）,24h尿蛋白定量大于B组（P〈0．05）,而水肿、血尿的发生率无统计学差异。A组IgA肾病病理损害重度者的比例高于B组,病理类型以MsPGN为主,占60．61％。肾小球硬化和血管病变发生率较高、肾间质病变程度较重（P〈0．05）,新月体形成率较低（P〈0．05）。结论伴有高血压的IgA肾病患者高尿酸血症、肾功能不全发生率高,24h尿蛋白量大,病理损害较重,预后较差。