Risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To identify the risk factors associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods We analyzed all of the patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in the dialysis center of the 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University for at least 3 months from Jan 1st, 2009 to Dec 31st, 2014. Baseline and yearly interval clinical data were recorded and patients were followed up until morbidity or death of CCVD. Cox proportional hazard regression and time-dependent Cox regression were used to estimate the relative risk of outcomes associated with clinical measurements. Results There were 243 patients enrolled in the study, with a mean age of (53.2±16.4) years old, and 138 of them were male (56.8%). The multivariate Cox proportional model revealed that age (HR=1.040, 95%CI: 1.015-1.065, P=0.002), Erythropoietin (EPO) dose (HR=0.914, 95%CI: 0.846-0.987, P=0.022) and history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (HR=4.045, 95%CI: 2.074-7.890, P＜0.001) were independent predictors of CCVD in MHD patients. After adjusting for baseline predictors, time-dependent serum phosphorus level (HR=1.722, 95%CI: 1.034-2.866, P=0.037) was significantly associated with CCVD. Conclusion Older age, decreases in EPO dose and history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were associated with increased risks of CCVD in MHD patients. Increase in serum phosphorus level was associated with increased risks of CCVD in a time-dependent manner.     

不同透析频率对维持性血液透析患者贫血状况的影响

目的 研究不同透析频率对维持性血液透析患者的贫血的影响.方法 选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血净中心MHD患者,年龄超过18岁,透析龄在1年以上,透析方式均采用Fx60高通量血液透析,每次透析时间均为4h.根据透析方案的不同将维持性血液透析患者分为3组.A组:每周透析4次;B组:每周透析3次;C组:每周透析2次.所有患者均根据指南常规给予降压、补充促红素、铁剂、维生素、叶酸及活性维生素D3等.分别观察各组患者基线及透析1年后的HGB、血清铁蛋白、转铁饱和度、维生素B12、叶酸、ALB、CRP、Scr、BUN、PTH.结果 资料完整的患者共67例,其中男33例,女34例,年龄21～80岁,平均年龄(55±14)岁,其中A组共16例:男9例,女7例;B组共27例:男13例,女14例;C组共24例:男11例,女13例.A、B、C三组患者基本资料对比及基线各项指标对比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).透析1年后三组患者的HGB、CRP、ALB、BUN、Scr、PTH差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而血清铁蛋白、转铁饱和度、维生素B12、叶酸、Kt/v对比差异无统计学意义.透析1年后三组间两两比较,A组与C组比较HGB、ALB、CRP、Scr、BUN、PTH差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组与C组比较HGB、ALB、CRP、Scr、PTH差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A组与B组比较所有指标差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 每周透析4次及3次的患贫血状况较每周透析2次的要好,每周透析4次与每周透析3次的患者差异不大.所以维持性血液透析患者保证每周透析3次,在改善营贫血状况有着重要的临床意义.     

维持性血液透析患者透析相关性淀粉样变的相关危险因素分析

目的分析维持性血液透析患者晚期糖基化终产物、自由基代谢与透析相关性淀粉样变(dialysis-related amyloidosis,DRA)的相关性。方法将46例肩关节B超检查有DRA的患者按透析时间分为短期透析组(16例)和长期透析组(30例),另选择10名健康志愿者为对照组。观察所有患者血清晚期糖基化终产物(the advanced glycation end prodvcts,AGE)及生物学指标Nε-羧甲基赖氨酸(N~εcarboxymethyllysin,CML)的变化,自由基代谢相关的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutas,SOD)、脂质过氧化物(peroxidativelipi,LPO)值的变化,与β2-微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)的相关性。结果 DRA患者AGE、CML、LPO、β2-MG、CRP水平较正常对照组明显提高,SOD水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。随着透析龄的延长,肩袖周围增强回声阳性率明显增加,DRA病变程度加重。长期透析组与短期透析组比较,AGE、CML、LPO、β2-MG、CRP升高的水平和SOD水平降低幅度明显增大,2组相比有统计学差异(P0.05)。透析龄与肩关节淀粉样变程度正相关,与AGE、CML、LPO、β2-MG、CRP水平呈正相关(P0.05),与SOD水平呈负相关(P0.05)。提示维持性血液透析患者AGE、β2 MG、CML水平增高可能是DRA形成早期病变的物质基础,氧化应激反应增强、慢性炎症反应增强可能参与DRA早期形成过程。结论预防DRA或延缓其发展应从降低循环β2 MG水平和抑制关节炎症入手,抑制β2-MG的AGE修饰,清除AGE修饰蛋白或阻断AGE-β2 MG与细胞表面AGE受体的相互作用,可能是预防或延缓DRA发展的途径。     

Risk factors for mortality in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the risk factors of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods As a single-center retrospective cohort study, all incident PD patients who were catheterized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between November 1, 2005 and February 28, 2017 were included. Patients were divided into diabetes mellitus group (DM group) and non-diabetes mellitus group (NDM group). Outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to assess the risk factors of all-cause mortality. Results A total of 977 patients were enrolled. Compared with NDM group, patients in DM group were older (47.5±14.4 vs 59.3±11.3, P＜0.01), had more cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7.5% vs 20.3%, P＜0.01), higher levels of serum hemoglobin (78.2±17.2 vs 82.3±14.6 g/L, P＜0.01) , and lower levels of serum albumin (36.1±5.0 vs 32.7±5.6 g/L, P＜0.01). The one-, three- and five-year patient survival rates of DM and NDM group were 89.7%, 56.0%, 31.9% and 94.7%, 81.3%, 67.4%, respectively.Survival rate was significantly lower in DM group than in NDM group ( χ2=63.51, P＜0.01). Stratified analysis showed that DM group had significant lower survival rate than NDM group in patients younger than 70 years old ( χ2= 73.35, P＜0.01), while survival rate was similar between the two groups patients older than 70 years old ( χ2= 0.003, P=0.96). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that DM (HR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.27-2.38, P＜0.01), age (HR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.04-1.06, P＜0.01), leukocyte (HR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.00-1.12, P=0.04) and triglyceride (HR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.07-1.32, P＜0.01) were all independent risk factors for all-cause mortality of PD patients. However, age (HR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.04-1.07, P＜0.01) and alkaline phosphatase (HR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.02) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality of diabetic patients. Conclusions Long-term survival rate was lower in diabetic PD patients than in non-diabetic PD patients. DM, age, leukocyte and triglyceride were independent risk factors of mortality in PD patients. Age and alkaline phosphatase were independent risk factors of mortality in diabetic patients.     

维持性血液透析患者不同透析龄营养状况的评价

目的 通过相关营养指标比较维持性血液透析(MHD)患者不同透析龄营养状况的差异.方法 纳入非住院MHD患者186例,使用人体成分分析仪结合人体测量学及相关实验室指标检测MHD患者营养指标,包括体质指数、蛋白质、体脂率、肌肉量、内脏脂肪面积、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯及CRP.结果 根据透析龄的不同分为三组(＜ 36个月、36～ 72个月、＞72个月),三组之间年龄、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、CRP、蛋白质、肌肉量、内脏脂肪面积均没有统计学差异(P＜0.05).＞ 72个月组患者BMI、AMC明显低于＜36个月组患者,＜36个月组患者TSF、体脂率明显高于其他组.结论 透析龄越大,BMI、肌肉及脂肪越低,透析龄超过72个月的MHD患者更应加强营养指导和营养监测,对营养不良患者及时采取个体化营养治疗,延长患者存活时间,提高患者生存质量,减少患者死亡率.     

维持性血液透析患者发生急性冠脉综合征的危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响维持性血液透析患者发生急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2015年3月至2018年4月在河北省承德市中心医院和滦平县中医院血液净化中心行维持性血液透析的175例患者的临床资料,根据是否发生ACS分成两组,其中发生ACS患者57例（ACS组）,未发生ACS的118例（非ACS组）。收集患者的性别、年龄、肾衰竭的基础疾病、透析龄、发生ACS前1个月的收缩压、舒张压、脱水量及发生ACS时的血红蛋白（Hb)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、血白蛋白(ALB)、血脂、血尿酸(UA)、肺动脉压(PH)等指标进行比较分析;应用多因素的logistic回归分析导致ACS的危险因素。结果 ACS组的男性居多[38例（66.67%）],而房颤病史、透析前的收缩压和舒张压、超流量、红细胞分布宽度（RDW）、血钾（K⁺）低于非ACS组,ALB高于非ACS组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。二元logistic回归分析显示：透析前的收缩压≥160 mmHg（OR=3.240,95%CI：1.255～5.367,P<0.05）和超流量≥3 500 mL/次（OR=2.797,95%CI：1.033～4.574,P<0.05）是影响维持性血液透析患者发生ACS的相关影响因素。结论 透析前血压控制不良（收缩压≥160 mmHg）、超流量过大（超流量≥3 500 mL/次）使维持性血液透析患者发生ACS的风险增加。     

Analysis of early mortality and related risk factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To analyze the early mortality and related risk factors of new hemodialysis patients in Zhejiang province, and provide basis for reducing the death risk of hemodialysis patients. Methods The early mortality and related factors of new hemodialysis patients from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed using the database of Zhejiang province hemodialysis registration. The early mortality was defined as death within 90 days of dialysis. Cox regression model was used to analyze the related risk factors of the early mortality in hemodialysis patients. Results The mortality was the highest in the first month after dialysis (46.40/100 person year), and gradually stabilized after three months. The early mortality was 25.33/100 person year. The mortality within 120 days and 360 days were 21.40/100 person year and 11.37/100 person year, respectively. The elderly (≥65 years old, HR=1.981, 95%CI 1.319-2.977, P＜0.001), primary tumor (HR=3.308, 95%CI 1.137-5.624, P=0.028), combined with tumors (not including the primary tumor, HR=2.327, 95%CI 1.200-4.513, P=0.012), temporary catheter (the initial dialysis pathway, HR=3.632, 95%CI 1.806-7.307, P＜0.001), lower albumin (＜30 g/L, HR=2.181, 95%CI 1.459-3.260, P＜0.001), lower hemoglobin (every 0.01 g/L increase, HR=0.861, 95%CI 0.793-0.935, P=0.001), lower high density lipoprotein (＜0.7 mmol/L, HR=1.796, 95%CI 1.068-3.019, P=0.027) and higher C reactive protein (≥40 mg/L, HR=1.889, 95%CI 1.185-3.012, P=0.008) were the risk factors of early death for hemodialysis patients. Conclusions The early mortality of hemodialysis patients is high after dialysis, and gradually stable after 3 months. The elderly, primary tumor, combined with tumors, the initial dialysis pathway, lower albumin, lower hemoglobin, lower high density lipoprotein and higher C reactive protein are the risk factors of early death for hemodialysis patients.     

The relationship between changes of blood pressure during dialysis and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To determine the relationship between changes of blood pressure (BP) during dialysis and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 364 cases of MHD patients were collected prospectively and the relationship between changes of blood pressure during dialysis and mortality was assessed. Results The patients' age was (63.07±13.93) years. Over a follow-up of (54.86±19.84) months, a total of 85 (23.4%) all-cause and 46(12.6%) cardiovascular deaths occurred. Post-dialytic drops in systolic BP between 7.08 mmHg and 14.25 mmHg were associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality [OR=0.324 and 0.335, 95%CI (0.152, 0.692) and (0.123, 0.911), P=0.004 and 0.032, respectively]. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that post-dialytic increase in systolic BP more than 0.25 mmHg was associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (P=0.001, 0.044, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that post-dialytic increase in systolic BP more than 0.25 mmHg, hemoglobin, Kt/V were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality. Conclusions Post-dialytic increase in systolic BP more than 0.25 mmHg in MHD patients suggests higher mortality. Significant increased systolic BP after hemodialysis, hemoglobin level and Kt/V were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality.     

维持性血液透析与腹膜透析患者左心室功能及相关因素分析

目的针对维持性肾脏替代治疗患者左心室功能情况及相关因素进行分析。方法将264例患者按不同肾脏替代治疗方式分为血液透析组（A组）和腹膜透析组（B组）,并常规检测血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、血浆白蛋白（Alb）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血钙、血磷、血总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、血全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）,超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）;高压液相方法检测血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hey）;利用超声心动检查评价左心室功能。结果2组中,A组Hb、TG高于B组（P〈0．05）,而BUN低于B组（P〈0．05）;B组左心室舒张功能异常发生率高于A组（P〈0．01）;A组室间隔厚度、后壁厚度低于B组,而左室舒张末内径、左室收缩末内径及舒张早期和舒张晚期二尖瓣121最大血流速度之比（E／A）及射血分数（EF）高于B组,但只有舒张早期和舒张晚期二尖瓣口最大血流速度之比（E／A）有统计学差异（P〈0．01）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Alb、尿酸（UA）、hs—CRP、血钙、血磷水平是。肾脏替代治疗患者左室收缩功能障碍的危险因素;而年龄及收缩压与舒张压是其患者左室舒张功能障碍的危险因素。结论不同肾脏替代治疗方式下,患者左心室舒张功能异常发生率存在差异,纠正低蛋白血症,增加透析剂量,控制血压,减轻心脏负荷,纠正钙磷水平可能有助于改善其患者左心室功能异常。     

维持性血液透析患者主动脉瓣和二尖瓣钙化的危险因素

目的 探讨主动脉瓣和二尖瓣钙化发病的相关危险因素。 方法 对符合标准的维持性血液透析（MHD）患者（年龄≥18岁,透析龄>6个月,排除曾因瓣膜疾病行外科手术或介入治疗者）,采用超声心动图检查心脏瓣膜钙化情况。采用Logisitc回归分析主动脉瓣和二尖瓣钙化的危险因素。 结果 在入选的181例（男98例,女83例）MHD患者中,94例（51.9%）主动脉瓣或二尖瓣钙化,其中主动脉瓣钙化90例（49.7%）,二尖瓣钙化30例（16.6%）,主动脉瓣和二尖瓣双瓣膜钙化26例（14.4%）。多因素Logistic回归分析表明年龄（β = 5.52, P = 0.007）、透析龄（β = 6.99,P = 0.039）和前白蛋白（β = -12.616,P = 0.004）与主动脉瓣钙化独立相关;年龄（β = 0.085,P = 0.05）与二尖瓣钙化呈弱正相关;透析龄（β = 6.057,P = 0.002）、原发性高血压病病史（β = 3.054,P = 0.008）、血红蛋白（β = -0.061,P = 0.035）和β2微球蛋白（β = 7.63,P = 0.01）与二尖瓣钙化独立相关。 结论 MHD患者主动脉瓣及二尖瓣钙化多发,且以主动脉瓣钙化更多见。年龄、透析龄和低前白蛋白血症是主动脉瓣钙化的危险因素,而二尖瓣钙化的危险因素包括年龄、透析龄、原发性高血压病病史、贫血和高β2微球蛋白血症。     

The risk factors of mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients in different periods

Objective To explore the risk factors and characteristics in patients with peritoneal dialysis who died in different periods. Methods The clinical data of new peritoneal dialysis patients in the Department of Nephrology and Peritoneal Dialysis Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from November 1, 2005 to February 28, 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the time of death: those who died within one year and died after one year. The risk factors of mortality between the two groups were analyzed by Cox regression model. Results A total of 997 patients were enrolled and 244 patients died. There were 69 patients (28.3%) died within one year and 175 patients (71.7%) died after one year. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease was the dominating reason of death in both groups, accounting for 59.4% (died within one year group) and 51.4% (died after one year group) respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that for died within one year group, old age (HR=1.035, 95%CI: 1.016-1.055, P＜0.001), low blood total calcium (HR=0.167, 95%CI: 0.053-0.529, P=0.002), low albumin (HR=0.899, 95%CI: 0.856-0.943, P＜0.001) and low apolipoprotein A1 (HR=0.274, 95%CI: 0.095-0.789, P=0.016) were risk factors associated with mortality. However, for died after one year group, old age (HR=1.053, 95%CI: 1.038-1.069, P＜0.001), combined with diabetes (HR=2.181, 95%CI: 1.445-3.291, P＜0.001) and hypertriglyceride (HR=1.204, 95%CI: 1.065-1.362, P=0.003) were risk factors associated with mortality. Conclusions The risk factors of mortality for peritoneal dialysis patients of different periods were not exactly the same. For died within one year patients, old age, low blood total calcium, low albumin and low apolipoprotein A1 were independent risk factors for mortality.However, for died after one year patients, old age, combined with diabetes, and high triglycerides were independent risk factors for mortality.     

Test of the recommended dialysis dose on one-year mortality of nondiabetic maintenance hemodialysis patients; observations from a single dialysis unit

Background: The optimal delivered dialysis dose has been of a great interest for the last three decades, though a clear cut point has not been reached yet. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between one-year mortality and the delivered dialysis dose, which was recommended by Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI), in our maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods: This was a single center, prospective observational study with one year of follow-up. Patients with extremes of age, BMI, residual renal function, diabetes mellitus, severe infection malignancy, and recent hospitalization within the last three months were excluded. Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory, and outcome data (mortality as the primary) were prospectively collected. Patients were classified into two groups according to baseline spKt/V levels; group 1 (n?=?20): spKt/V?≤?1.4, group 2 (n?=?60): spKt/V?>?1.4.

Results: Median (IQR) age and hemodialysis vintage of all patients (M/F: 41/39) were 49.5 (29) years and 60 (94) months, respectively. Both groups had similar characteristics, with the exception of significantly higher BMI (24 vs. 21.7, p?=?0.012), serum creatinine and uric acids, and lower spKt/V (1.30 vs. 1.71, p?<?0.001) in group 1. Overall death occurred in seven (8.75%) patients (5 from group 1 and 2 from group 2). Patients in group 1 had significantly higher one-year mortality rate and shorter survival time (25% vs. 3.3%, p?=?0.003 and 43.9 vs. 47.3 weeks, p?=?0.003, respectively).

Conclusions: Higher spKt/V (>1.4) was associated with a lower one-year mortality in this small cohort of patients.     

Risk factors for progression of aortic arch calcification in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Objective To investigate the possible risk factors for the progression of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in MHD patients. Methods Total of 170 patients on MHD between June 2014 and October 2014 in the dialysis center of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were included prospectively. Lateral lumbar radiography were applied to evaluate patients' AAC score (AACs) at baseline and after two-years of follow-up respectively. According to the change of AACs, the patients were divided into rapid AAC progression group and non-rapid AAC progression group. Multivariable Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors for the progression of AAC in MHD patients. Results At baseline, the presence of AAC (AACs≥1) was 43.5%(74/170). The mean follow-up duration was 27.6(24.7, 28.0) months. AACs were available in 111 patients, and the presence of AAC was 78.4%(87/111). During the follow up, 36 patients developed new AAC; rapid AAC progression was seen in 54 patients, and non-rapid AAC progression was seen in 57 patients. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that hyperphosphatemia (OR=4.373,95%CI 1.562-7.246, P=0.005) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR=0.031, 95%CI 0.003-0.338, P=0.004)were independent risk factors for AAC progression in MHD patients. Conclusions Hyperphosphatemia and low HDL may promote the progression of AAC. Well-controlled serum phosphate and lipid metabolism may slow the progression of vascular calcification, reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.     

维持性血液透析患者并发真菌感染的危险因素及耐药性分析

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者并发真菌感染的菌群分布特点、药敏特点以及发生真菌感染的危险因素,为积极预防,临床合理用药提供依据.方法 选取我院肾脏内科2018年1月至2020年3月收治的495例MHD患者为研究对象,根据院内真菌感染的诊断标准,将发生真菌感染的7...     

Risk factors for maintenance hemodialysis patients undergoing elective and emergency abdominal surgery

Purpose

To identify the risk factors for morbidity and mortality after elective and emergency abdominal surgeries in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 63 hemodialysis patients who underwent elective (group 1) and 24 who underwent emergency (group 2) abdominal surgeries, and classified them according to the presence/absence of postoperative complications. The clinical, laboratory and procedure-related data were obtained and compared between the groups.

Results

Group 2 had significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates than group 1 (58.3 and 16.6 % vs. 33.3 and 16.6 %, respectively, P < 0.05). The patients in group 1 with and without complications had significantly different blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels of 52.3 vs. 41.6 mg/dL (P = 0.03). There were significant differences in the patients in group 2 in terms of the age (72.7 vs. 55.0 years old; P < 0.002), the length of the operation (141 vs. 107 min; P < 0.02), the total protein levels (6.2 vs. 6.7 g/dL; P < 0.03), albumin levels (3.2 vs. 3.7 g/dL; P < 0.04) and need for intra- or postoperative blood transfusions (71.4 vs. 10.0 %; P < 0.005).

Conclusions

The risk factors for a poor surgical outcome included high BUN levels in the elective surgery patients and hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, a longer operation and older age in patients undergoing emergency surgery. Perioperative blood transfusion was also associated with a high complication rate in the emergency surgery group.     

前白蛋白与维持性血液透析患者死亡的关系

目的探讨前白蛋白与维持性血液透析(MHD)患者死亡的关系。 方法回顾分析了2012年1月至2018年6月北京民航总医院行维持性血液透析(透析龄≥3月)的患者的一般情况、生化指标以及预后;以死亡患者为研究组,存活患者为对照组;以t检验、非参数检验、χ²检验将两组患者数据进行比较,并使用Logistic回归分析的方法分析与MHD患者全因死亡相关的危险因素。 结果①纳入研究患者325例,平均年龄(63.4±13.4)岁,透析龄64.0(41.5±98.5)月,存活组210例、死亡组115例,死亡原因主要包括感染(24%)、心血管疾病(17%)、脑血管疾病(16%)、恶液质(12%)、肿瘤(10%)等。②死亡组白蛋白、前白蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素均明显低于存活组(P<0.05);CRP(Z＝－5.824)、透析龄(Z＝－2.827)及年龄(t＝7.672)明显高于存活组(P<0.05)。男性与女性的死亡率无明显差别(χ²＝0.274,P>0.05),糖尿病组与非糖尿病组死亡率具有明显差异(χ²＝7.230,P<0.05)。③多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、透析龄、是否合并糖尿病、白蛋白、前白蛋白与MHD患者死亡独立相关;白蛋白(OR＝0.854)及前白蛋白(OR＝0.983)是独立保护因素(P<0.05);增龄(OR＝1.046)、透析龄延长(OR＝1.012)、合并糖尿病(OR＝2.201)是独立危险因素(P<0.05)。④前白蛋白与白蛋白正相关(r＝0.609,P<0.001),前白蛋白与其他营养指标相关性比白蛋白强。 结论前白蛋白与白蛋白对MHD患者的死亡具有独立保护作用,在预测MHD患者死亡时至关重要。     

维持性血液透析患者贫血及相关因素分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)达标情况及其相关影响因素。方法选择2014年1月1日至2015年1月1日间在我院血液透析中心规律行血液透析3个月以上的终末期肾脏疾病患者作为研究对象,收集患者的基本资料(年龄、性别、原发病、体质量、透析时间、透析频率、药物使用情况等)和实验室指标(Hb、铁蛋白、血白蛋白、尿素氮、血肌酐等)以及促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)及铁剂使用情况;统计本中心患者Hb达标情况,再根据Hb水平进行分组,采用χ~2检验比较各组间Hb达标情况及EPO、铁剂的使用情况,并对EPO剂量采用Pearson线性相关分析,铁剂的使用采用秩相关分析。结果①本次研究共纳入的257例MHD患者中,按Hb≥110 g/L为达标Hb进行统计,达标患者123例(占46.70%),未达标患者134例(占53.3%)。Hb达标率与国内研究相比基本相似,较国际发达国家水平低。将患者按原发病发病率分组,发病率前五位的分别为高血压肾病92例(占35.80%),慢性肾小球肾炎82例(占31.91%),糖尿病肾脏疾病40例(占15.56%),多囊肾病7例(占2.72%),痛风6例(占2.33%);不同原发病之间贫血患病率的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。②将患者按Hb值分组,未达标组的EPO使用量较达标组的EPO使用量低[(60.54±50.41)IU·Kg~(-1)·W~(-1)比(136.51±36.32)IU·Kg~(-1)·W~(-1),P0.001],未达标组静脉铁剂使用量比达标组低[(139.01±52.08)mg比(150.00±78.59)mg,P0.001],2组的年龄、体质量、透析时间、铁蛋白、血白蛋白、尿素氮、血肌酐的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。根据患者使用铁剂的情况分组,静脉铁剂组和口服铁剂组间Hb水平的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。③通过相关分析显示,Hb与EPO剂量呈正相关(r=0.849,P0.01),而与铁剂的使用呈正相关(r=0.196,P0.01)。结论①本血液透析中心MHD患者的贫血治疗达标率为46.7%,与国内研究相比基本相似,较国际发达国家水平低;②使用EPO治疗的MHD患者有着更高的Hb水平和Hb达标率;③使用铁剂的MHD患者中,Hb达标例数比未使用铁剂组高,但使用静脉铁剂组与口服铁剂组间Hb水平差异无统计学意义;④通过相关性分析显示,Hb与EPO剂量呈强正相关,与铁剂的使用呈弱正相关。     

维持性血液透析患者抑郁状态的相关因素分析

目的调查抑郁状态在维持性血液透析（maintenancehemodialysis,MHD）患者中的发生情况,探讨与抑郁相关的生理及社会因素,为进一步的心理干预做好前期工作。方法采用横断面调查,应用Zung抑郁自评量表对太仓市第一人民医院血液净化中心的102例MHD患者进行评估,根据患者是否合并抑郁状态分为非抑郁组（36例）和抑郁组（66例）。收集MHD患者的个人背景资料、临床资料、实验室数据以及问卷调查结果（以社会支持评定量表评分评估患者的社会支持程度,以营养不良-炎症评分评估患者的营养水平,以Charlson评分评估患者的合并症严重程度）,采用SPSS13．0软件进行统计分析,探讨与抑郁状态相关的因素。结果102例MHD患者中,合并抑郁症的患者66例,发生率为64．7％,仅6例（占9％）的抑郁症患者曾主动寻求过医疗帮助。非抑郁组与抑郁组比较,年龄、营养不良一炎症评分、Charlson指数、C反应蛋白水平偏低（P〈0．05）,而血白蛋白、社会支持评定量表评分、收入情况、有配偶的比例较高（P〈0．05）。进一步行多重线性回归分析发现,年龄、收入情况、Charlson指数、C反应蛋白均可独立的在不同程度上影响Zung抑郁自评量表评分,收入情况为影响Zung抑郁自评量表评分的最主要因素。结论MHD患者的抑郁症发病率较高,主动求医率低,年龄、收入水平、合并症的严重程度、C反应蛋白均为影响MHD患者抑郁程度的独立危险因素,而收入情况可能对抑郁程度的影响最大。