注意缺陷多动障碍儿童推理能力及自我意识水平调查结果分析

采用瑞文标准推理测验和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表分别对95例注意缺陷多动障碍儿童(ADHD组)及40例正常儿童(对照组)进行研究.结果 两组瑞文标准推理测验总智商分数和智力百分位数无统计学意义,但ADHD组系列关系及抽象推理两项分测验的正确题数少于对照组.ADHD组除躯体外貌与属性外,其余各项自我意识分量表分数及总分均低于对照组;低自我意识者所占比例显著高于对照组,而高自我意识者比例则低于对照组,P均<0.05.提示ADHD儿童的推理能力及自我意识水平普遍偏低;对其行药物治疗的同时不应忽视心理治疗.     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的健康教育

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）又称儿童多动症，是临床常见的一种儿童卫生问题，其突出表现为注意力缺陷，以多动为主的行为障碍及冲动性，可伴有诸多心理行为问题，影响孩子的学习、性格发展和社会适应能力。文献报道在中小学生中患病率为5％～10％，跟踪报道25％～50％患儿成人期有人格障碍，易冲动和反社会行为。而许多父母和教师对出现的症状不理解，往往对其进行指责、谩骂等，对孩子的身心健康造成严重的损伤。我们对156例ADHD患儿父母及教师，进行必要的健康教育，效果满意，现总结报告如下。     

滨州地区6～16岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍相关因素调查

目的了解滨州地区6～16岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的患病情况及相关因素。方法通过家长填写DSM—IV问卷和自编家庭情况问卷来完成ADHD的评估和相关因素的调查。结果6～16岁儿童ADHD的总患病率为6．4％,其中男童（8．9％）高于女童（4．1％）（χ^2=32．06,P〈0．01）,6～11岁组（7．7％）高于12～16岁组（5．3％）（χ^2=9．900,P〈0．01）,ADHD—I为其主要类型;家住农村、居住面积小、家庭经济收入低、扩大了的核心家庭是儿童ADHD发生的危险因素。结论6～11岁是ADHD患病的高峰年龄,注意力缺陷是其核心症状,ADHD的发生与家庭因素有关。     

龙岗区儿童注意缺陷多动障碍特征及影响因素的研究

目的分析儿童注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD）的特征及相关影响因素,为开展龙岗区学龄儿童ADHD控制与干预工作提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,对深圳市龙岗区23所幼儿园3826名3～6岁儿童进行横断面研究,共检出多动行为492人,采用1：1配对病例对照研究分析儿童ADHD的影响因素。结果在492例ADHD儿童中,男女童之比为1．1：1,经单因素条件Logistic回归分析,儿童ADHD的影响因素分别为男性。低年龄,母亲文化程度低,父亲抽烟、饮酒,非父母带养,溺爱,无玩伴等。经多因素条件Logistic回归分析,儿童ADHD的影响因素按贡献大小依次为儿童孤独、儿童每周尿床次数和儿童健康有关。结论建议以社区为单位,以ADHD儿童、家长、老师和医生为沟通团队,针对其不同影响因素进行关注,能有效开展儿童ADHD的控制与干预工作。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童认知功能的特点

目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的认知功能特点。方法采用持续性操作测试对346例拟诊为ADHD患儿进行视觉、听觉和视听觉持续性操作测试,并对ADHD儿童和30例正常儿童进行Stroop测试。结果ADHD患儿视觉、听觉和视听觉持续性注意测试的阳性检出率分别为73．70％、91．33％和98．84％,三种测试方法的阳性率比较有统计学差异（P〈0．01）.三种持续性注意测试中错误数、漏报数的数值、T值和百分位比较均有统计学差异（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。ADHD儿童在Stroop效应各指标与对照组比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论ADHD儿童存在信息加工、处理能力不足和执行功能损害。     

婴儿期喂养行为与注意缺陷多动障碍的相关性探讨

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童期常见的精神卫生问题之一,以注意力不集中、活动过度、行为和情绪冲动、学习障碍为主要临床特征.2005年7月～2006年8月,我们观察婴儿期喂养行为与ADHD发生的关系,旨在为ADHD的预防提供新思路.     

生物反馈法治疗注意缺陷多动障碍治疗的临床疗效观察

目的探讨生物反馈疗法治疗注意缺陷多动障碍的效果及安全性。方法将60例注意缺陷多动障碍患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各30例。两组均予行为治疗指导,对照组口服哌甲酯,观察组应用生物反馈治疗仪进行脑电生物反馈治疗。两组均治疗2个月后评价。治疗前、治疗结束及随访3个月采用IVA视听整和测试系统测试两组注意力商数和控制力商数的分数。结果治疗结束两组症状均改善,有效率无显著差异,注意力商数分数、控制力商数分数均明显增加,与治疗前相比较,P〈0．01,但两组间无显著差异。随访3个月,观察组症状改善有效率73．33％,对照组为46．67％,两组比较P〈0．05。观察组注意力商数分数、控制力商数分数明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论生物反馈法治疗注意缺陷多动障碍疗效确切,远期效果好,且较为安全。     

肠道菌群变化与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍发病的关系及相关治疗研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童和青少年时期常见的精神发育障碍性疾病,主要表现为多动、冲动和注意力不集中.该病病因和病理机制尚未明确.已有研究表明,ADHD患儿的肠道菌群发生变化,异常的肠道菌群可能通过代谢途径、迷走神经途径和免疫途径调节ADHD患儿的中枢神经系统、胃肠生理、免疫状态,继而导致ADHD相关行为的发生....     

注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童品行与父母教养方式关系的探讨

目的探讨注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿品行与父母教养方式的关系。方法选取2015-10~2016-05来广西壮族自治区人民医院儿童心理门诊就诊后确诊为ADHD的患儿56例,对照组为分层随机抽取的南宁市某小学在读的健康儿童74名。分别对两组儿童家长进行父母教养方式评价量表(EBMA)和Cornners父母问卷(PSQ)评估。结果 (1)ADHD患儿与对照组儿童在品行问题、冲动-多动和多动指数上存在显著差异(P0.05)。(2)不同多动类型的ADHD儿童在儿童行为问卷各维度及总量表上无显著差异(P0.05)。(3)ADHD患儿组父母教养方式中溺爱性和专制性因子得分均明显高于对照组,民主性因子得分非常显著低于对照组(P0.05)。(4)不同多动类型的ADHD儿童在父母教育方式各维度及总量表上无显著差异(P0.05)。(5)小学低年级儿童各种行为问题与家庭教养方式均有显著相关性。结论 (1)ADHD儿童与对照组儿童品行和父母教养方式上存在显著差异。(2)ADHD儿童家庭存在不良的养育方式。(3)儿童品行问题与父母教养方式不一致性有显著或非常显著的相关性。     

Motor ability and adaptive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder. Previous studies have reported that children with ADHD exhibit deficits of adaptive function and insufficient motor ability. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between adaptive function and motor ability in children with ADHD compared with a group of normal children. The study group included 25 children with ADHD (19 boys and 6 girls), aged from 4.6 years to 8.6 years (mean ± standard deviation, 6.5 ± 1.2). A group of 24 children without ADHD (normal children) were selected to match the children with ADHD on age and gender. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children, which includes three subtests, was used to assess the motor ability of the children of both groups. The Chinese version of Adaptive Behavior Scales, which consists of 12 life domains, was used to assess adaptive function of the children with ADHD. Compared with the normal children, children with ADHD exhibited poorer motor ability on all the three subtests of motor assessment. In the ADHD group, nine (36%) children had significant motor impairments and seven (28%) were borderline cases. A total of 10 (40%) children with ADHD had definite adaptive problems in one or more adaptive domains. With statistically controlling of IQ for the ADHD group, those children with impaired motor ability had significantly poorer behaviors in the adaptive domain of home living (p = 0.035). Moreover, children with ADHD who had severely impaired manual dexterity performed worse than the control group in the adaptive domains of home living (r = −0.47, p = 0.018), socialization (r = −0.49, p = 0.013), and self-direction (r = −0.41, p = 0.040). In addition, children with poorer ball skills had worse home living behavior (r = −0.56, p = 0.003). Children who had more impaired balance exhibited poorer performance in social behavior (r = −0.41, p = 0.040). This study found significant correlation between motor ability and adaptive function in children with ADHD, especially in their adaptive domains of home living, socialization, and self-direction. In clinical settings, identification of motor difficulties may have important implications for the understanding of relative factors in effective management of the adaptive dysfunction in children with ADHD.     

儿童多动症与食物特异性IgG关系研究

目的了解食物特异性IgG与儿童多动症（ADHD）之间的关系。方法将30例ADHD患儿随机分为两组,A组予利他林治疗,B组根据食物特异性IgG检测结果行限制饮食。应用多动症评分量表比较治疗5周后症状改善情况。结果 A、B组患儿在治疗后多动症评分均减低（P〈0.05）,症状改善率分别为（70±13）%和（57±18）%（P〉0.05）。A组发生失眠、厌食各1例。结论根据食物特异性IgG检测结果行限制性饮食可明显改善儿童多动症状,提示食物特异性IgG可能参与ADHD发病机制。     

Is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder over‐represented among HIV‐seronegative boys with haemophilia? Preliminary results from our centre

Haemophilia care providers report anecdotally that many boys under their care bear the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated the hypothesis that ADHD is over-represented among boys with haemophilia. All the boys with haemophilia, aged 5-14 years, who receive their comprehensive care at our centre were solicited to participate in this study. Of the 78 eligible boys, 34 (44%) were successfully contacted and agreed to participate. All participants were HIV-negative on both serological and PCR-based assays. The presence of ADHD symptoms was established via a parent- and teacher-completed standardized rating instrument. On the parent-rating scale, 26% of the participants exceeded the cut-off for inattentive ADHD, 18% for hyperactive/impulsive ADHD, and 18% for combined. On the teacher rating scale, 4% of the participants exceeded the cut-off for inattentive ADHD, but no participants were rated as having extreme hyperactive/impulsive or combined ADHD symptoms. Retrospectively, 29% of the participants had previously been diagnosed with ADHD, all treated with stimulant medications. Of note, 38% of our participants were enrolled in special education programmes. All of the above were more common in boys with haemophilia compared with national controls. A chart review of non-participating patients from the same clinic suggested that sampling bias is unlikely to account for these differences. These results provide the first empirical evidence that ADHD may be over-represented among boys with haemophilia.     

Gut microbiota profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic literature review.

ABSTRACT

Accumulating evidence has implicated an involvement of the gut-brain axis in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however with highly diverse results. This systematic review aims to describe and evaluate studies investigating the gut microbiota composition in individuals with ASD or ADHD and to evaluate if variations in gut microbiota are associated with these disorders.

Twenty-four articles were identified in a systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase up to July 22, 2019. They consisted of 20 studies investigating ASD and four studies investigating ADHD. For ASD, several studies agreed on an overall difference in β-diversity, although no consistent bacterial variation between all studies was reported. For ADHD, the results were more diverse, with no clear differences observed.

Several common characteristics in gut microbiota function were identified for ASD compared to controls. In contrast, highly heterogeneous results were reported for ADHD, and thus the association between gut microbiota composition and ADHD remains unclear. For both disorders, methodological differences hampered the comparison of studies.