单倍体造血干细胞联合第三方脐血移植治疗慢性肉芽肿临床研究

目的探讨单倍体造血干细胞（haplo-HSC）联合第三方脐血（tpCB）移植治疗X连锁慢性肉芽肿（X-CGD）的临床疗效。方法 2014年4月至2018年3月我院收治26例男性X-CGD患儿，采用haplo-HSC联合tpCB移植治疗，移植中位年龄3.5岁，供者25例为父亲，1例为姑姑。HLA配型5/6相合9例，4/6相合12例，3/6相合5例。清髓性预处理方案选用白消安/环磷酰胺/氟达拉滨/抗胸腺球蛋白；预防急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）采用环孢素A和吗替麦考酚酯。于移植第1天分别输注单倍体骨髓造血干细胞和tpCB，移植第2天输注单倍体外周造血干细胞，回输单倍体总有核细胞中位数为14.6×10⁸/kg体重，CD34⁺细胞中位数为5.9×10⁶/kg体重，CD3⁺细胞中位数为2.1×10⁸/kg体重。结果中性粒细胞和血小板植入中位天数分别是移植后12 d和23 d。移植后30 d为供者型完全嵌合，其中25例为单倍体，1例为脐血。无1例发生原发性植入失败和植入功能不良，1例发生继发性植入失败。NADPH氧化酶活力于移植后1个月均恢复正常。Ⅰ~Ⅱ度aGVHD发生率达35%，Ⅲ~Ⅳ度达15%，1例出现慢性GVHD（cGVHD，皮肤局限性），予激素未进展。随访6~52个月，存活25例，其中24例为无病存活（23例不伴cGVHD，1例伴慢性局限型皮肤排异），NADPH氧化酶活性均恢复正常，1例发生继发性植入失败但仍存活；1例于移植后16个月死于病毒性间质性肺炎。5年的EFS率和OS率分别为81%±12%和89%±10%。结论 haplo-HSC联合tpCB是治疗儿童X-CGD的有效方法之一。     

后置环磷酰胺方案造血干细胞移植治疗9例湿疹血小板减少伴免疫缺陷综合征疗效分析

目的探讨后置环磷酰胺(PTCY)方案造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗WAS的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析9例接受PTCY方案allo-HSCT治疗的WAS患儿的临床资料,包括移植前临床评分、供者情况、移植后粒细胞及血小板植入时间,移植后嵌合度及移植并发症。结果 9例患儿移植时中位年龄为15(4～108)个月,2例为同胞全相合供者,7例为半相合供者,回输移植物的单个核细胞中位数为15. 7(11. 3～27. 4)×10~8/kg,CD34+细胞中位数为9. 5 (4. 4～26. 1)×106/kg。中性粒细胞和血小板植入中位时间分别为14 (12～16) d和15 (11～29) d。中位随访时间为20(3～48)个月,所有病例均存活,仅1例患儿发生3度急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),无慢性GVHD,所有患儿移植后2周短串联重复序列结合聚合酶链反应(STR-PCR)检测显示为完全供者型嵌合。4例患儿发生巨细胞病毒血症,1例EB病毒血症,1例发生自身免疫溶血性贫血,3例发生免疫性血小板减少。结论 PTCY方案allo-HSCT可有效治疗WAS,该预处理方案无严重移植相关并发症,且无混合嵌合发生,并有效减少GVHD。     

幼年型粒单核细胞白血病单倍体相合造血干细胞移植1例

目的探讨单倍体相合造血干细胞移植治疗幼年型粒单核细胞白血病(JMML)的可行性。方法 1岁6个月JMML患儿,行单倍体相合造血干细胞移植。采用Bu/Cy+Flu+ALG方案预处理及CSA+MMF+MTX方案预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。结果于移植+10 d粒系植入成功(1.2×109/L),移植+14 d血小板植入成功(260×109/L),造血初步恢复。移植+21 d查植入证据为100%嵌合。患儿移植后反复出现Ⅰ～Ⅱ度GVHD(皮肤型),给予免疫抑制剂治疗后好转。至今已生存14个月,未见复发。结论单倍体相合造血干细胞移植可能是治愈JMML的可行方法。     

外周血造血干细胞移植联合间充质干细胞输注治疗范可尼贫血患儿1例并文献复习

目的分析造血干细胞移植联合间充质干细胞输注对范可尼贫血(FA)患儿的治疗效果。方法通过分析1例.FA患儿外周血造血干细胞移植联合间充质干细胞输注治疗的临床资料,观察此种治疗方法对患儿的治疗效果及预后的影响。结果患儿于移植+13 d中性粒细胞植活,+15 d血小板植活,移植后供受者基因嵌合率为99.83%。移植后1.5个月血清CMV-DNA、EBV-DNA阳性,经免疫抑制剂减量及抗病毒治疗后转阴。移植后2个月出现皮肤GVHD(I度),未调整免疫抑制剂剂量,行间充质干细胞输注治疗4次后GVHD消失。移植后6个月,患儿出现血红蛋白水平下降,复查供受者基因嵌合率为57.8%,考虑出现移植物排斥,逐渐减停免疫抑制剂,供受者基因嵌合率复升至81.83%,血象恢复正常,无GVHD表现。现为移植后1.5年,患儿血象持续正常,供受者基因嵌合率维持在95%以上,FA相关基因检测持续转阴。结论造血干细胞移植是根治FA的重要治疗手段,健康供者骨髓间充质干细胞输注对于本例患儿造血干细胞植入、GVHD控制可能具有重要辅助作用。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的疗效及并发症。方法 4例SAA患儿,均接受氟达拉滨、环磷酰胺、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白预处理;其中3例患儿行HLA全相合同胞骨髓造血干细胞移植(BMT),1例患儿行HLA全相合同胞外周血造血干细胞移植(PBSCT)。同胞供者采集重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子5μg.kg-1.d-1,动员骨髓及外周血干细胞。采用环孢素+短疗程小剂量甲氨蝶呤方案预防移植物抗宿主病,前列腺素E预防肝静脉闭塞综合征,更昔洛韦预防巨细胞病毒感染,美司那及水化碱化预防出血性膀胱炎。通过DNA短串联重复序列多态性分析检测植入情况。结果 2例BMT患儿及1例PBSCT患儿完全植入;1例BMT患儿嵌合植入。中性粒细胞>0.5×109L-1中位时间12 d(9～15 d),血小板>20×109L-1中位时间19 d(12～30 d)。结论 allo-HSCT是治疗儿童SAA的有效方法,维持造血功能以及移植后并发症的发生及防治,仍是目前重点讨论的课题。     

伴N-RAS及CBL突变的幼年型粒单核细胞白血病快速急变后单倍体移植1例报告并文献复习

目的减少对幼年型粒单核细胞白血病(JMML)的误诊,探讨单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗急变后未获得完全缓解JMML的可行性,并分析JMML快速急变的原因。方法 3岁患儿历经误诊为免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)和传染性单核细胞增多症后确诊为JMML,伴有N-RAS及CBL基因突变,但快速急变为急性髓细胞性白血病AML-M4型,伴有EVI1阳性表达。患儿接受母亲单倍体(HLA 7/10相合)造血干细胞移植,预处理方案为阿糖胞苷+白舒非+猪抗人T细胞免疫球蛋白+环磷酰胺,移植后采用环孢素A+霉酚酸酯(MMF)+短程甲氨蝶呤+甲基强的松龙方案预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。结果移植后+14d白细胞植活,+18d血小板植活,未发生重度GVHD。移植后2个月减停全部免疫抑制剂,随访至2018年8月1日,患儿无病存活。结论 JMML急变后未获得完全缓解行单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗是可行的,同时存在N-RAS及CBL基因突变且有EVI1阳性可能是患儿快速急变的原因。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗粘多糖病I型1例报告

目的：粘多糖病I型是一种进行性多器官受累的遗传代谢性疾病,Hurler综合征是粘多糖病I型的最严重类型,常导致进行性的中枢神经系统受损和早期死亡。该研究进行了异基因造血干细胞移植治疗该病的初步尝试,探讨异基因干细胞移植治疗粘多糖病的疗效。方法：1例男性粘多糖病I型Hurler综合征患者,2岁1个月,供者为其胞姐,HLA配型一个HLA-B位点不合。预处理方案为减低预处理剂量的BuCy方案马利兰(BU)每日3.7mg/kg,-9~-6d;环磷酰胺(Cy)每日42.8mg/kg,-5~-2d;抗胸腺细胞球蛋白每日3.5mg/kg,-7,-5,-3,-1d。输入重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子动员的供者CD34+细胞(12.8×106/kg),以环孢素A、骁悉、赛呢哌、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白和氨甲喋呤预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。结果：移植后14d,短串联重复序列结合聚合酶链反应(STR-PCR)检测显示为完全供者型嵌合,中性粒细胞和血小板植活时间分别为+11d和+19d。仅出现肝、胃肠Ⅰ级预处理相关毒性,无严重预处理相关并发症。未发生急、慢性移植物抗宿主病和移植物衰竭,移植后临床症状明显改善,认知能力持续增加。结论：异基因造血干细胞移植治疗粘多糖病I型疗效肯定,减低剂量的预处理方案有利于降低预处理相关毒性;移植前后加强免疫抑制治疗,适当增加供者造血干细胞输注数量,有利于促进植入,减少移植物衰竭以及GVHD的发生。     

造血干细胞移植治疗DOCK8基因突变致高IgE综合征2例病例报告

目的：评估异基因造血干细胞移植治疗DOCK8基因突变所致的高IgE综合征（HIES）患儿的治疗效果。方法：回顾性收集2例接受异基因造血干细胞移植治疗DOCK8基因突变所致的HIES患儿的临床特征、实验室检查、治疗和效果。结果：2例HIES患儿,例1男,移植时年龄7岁;例2女,移植时年龄9岁。例1采用同胞全相合外周血干细胞移植,例2采用非亲缘全相合脐血干细胞移植。均采用白消安联合氟达拉滨为基础的减低强度预处理方案,顺利植入并获得造血重建。中性粒细胞植入时间例1为移植后12 d,例2为移植后24 d;血小板植入时间例1为移植后13 d,例2为移植后35 d。移植后14 d嵌合检测提示为完全供者细胞嵌合。2例患儿移植期间肺部感染均有加重,经对症治疗好转。例1接受同胞供者移植,发生皮肤Ⅰ度急性移植物抗宿主反应,甲泼尼龙治疗后缓解。无其他移植相关并发症发生。2例移植后嗜酸性粒细胞及血清IgE水平均较移植前显著下降,例1和例2分别随访至移植后18和23个月,均无病生存。结论：DOCK8基因突变所致的HIES患儿可通过异基因造血干细胞移植治愈,宜采用减低强度预处理方案,同胞相合供者是最佳供者选择,非亲缘脐血干细胞移植也能取得良好疗效。     

单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗儿童重型β-地中海贫血

目的：目前仅有30％左右的重型β-地中海贫血患者能找到HLA全相合的同胞供者,使造血干细胞移植治疗该病受到限制。该研究通过探讨单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗儿童重型β-地中海贫血的疗效,希望能够拓展供者源。方法：采用单倍体脐血或骨髓对10例重型β-地中海贫血患儿进行11例次移植。使用以羟基脲、氟达拉滨、白消安、环磷酰胺、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白为基础的预处理方案。结果：6例患者获长期稳定植入并脱离红细胞输注;2例短暂植入后排斥,其中1例恢复地中海贫血状态,另1例在移植早期死亡;1例行2次移植均未植入并出现移植后再障;1例未植入,出现再障,1年后恢复地中海贫血状态。8例植入者均发生急性移植物抗宿主病,仅1例发展为皮肤局限性慢性移植物抗宿主病。随访57.1（2.5～85.1）月,总体生存率90%,无病生存率为60%。结论：单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗儿童重型β-地中海贫血能长期重建造血,在无HLA相合同胞供体时,可以作为造血干细胞移植治疗的一种选择。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（7）：546-548］     

非血缘相关脐血移植治疗儿童高危白血病的临床观察

目的：非血缘脐血具有快速寻求、容易得到和HLA配型不严格的特点，该文进行了非血缘相关脐血移植（UD-UCBT）治疗儿童恶性白血病的研究并探讨其疗效问题。方法：对6例难治性白血病患儿，包括3例急性淋巴细胞白血病（2例高危CR1，1例标危CR2），2例幼年慢性粒单细胞白血病（1例缓解期，1例加速期）和1例急性髓系白血病（AML- M5，CR1）进行了非血缘相关脐血移植，HLA高分辨1例全相合，1例5个位点相合，1例4个位点相合，3例3个位点相合。预处理选用白消安/环磷酰胺/ATG或全身放疗/环磷酰胺/ATG为主方案。于 0 d 回输脐血，有核细胞中位数为8.51×107/kg，CD34+细胞中位数为1.81×105/kg。预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）采用环孢霉素A、甲基泼尼松龙和骁悉或CD25单抗。结果：中性粒细胞绝对值（ANC）≥0.5×109/L和PLT≥20×109/L的中位天数分别是+13 d、+30 d，移植证据均为供者型。4例出现Ⅰ~Ⅲ度GVHD，均控制。随访中位时间12个月，未发生慢性GVHD，现存活4例血型均转为供者型，无复发。结论：脐血提供快速有效的造血干细胞，为治疗儿童白血病提供良好时机，非血缘相关脐血移植能耐受HLA多个位点不相合。急性GVHD发生率也较高，存在移植物抗白血病作用。     

Bone marrow transplantation without conditioning regimen in Omenn syndrome: a case report

OS is a non-SCID immunodeficiency characterized by a poor outcome even after BMT. We report here a case of BMT without preparative conditioning regimen, and with a successful engraftment in a five-month-old infant with OS. The patient was transplanted with 15 x 10(8) bone marrow mononuclear cells/kg, from his HLA matched brother, without preparative regimen and GVHD prophylaxis. Immunological status was assessed before and after the BMT, and the engraftment was monitored with microchimerism analysis. Six days after BMT, an acute GVHD involving first the skin, then the liver and gut, complicated the post-transplantation course. An excellent engraftment was confirmed by donor chimerism over 95% respectively at day post-transplantation 30, 60, 90, and 150. The cellular immunity of the patient was restored, and infectious complications decreased after BMT. Later the patient experienced chronic GVHD, and he died on day post-transplantation 246 from GVHD. BMT without conditioning regimen for OS is feasible, but there must be a megadose cell transplantation, and appropriate prophylactic immunosuppressive treatment to prevent acute GVHD.     

Successful engraftment of haploidentical bone marrow with post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide in patients with aplastic anemia

Patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) may benefit from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but many of them lack a matched donor. Haploidentical transplantation is increasingly utilized for the treatment of nonmalignant disease where patients lack a matched donor. We report patients with aplastic anemia who experienced successful engraftments of haploidentical stem cells with post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy). Case series and review of the literature. We present two cases of pediatric patients with severe aplastic anemia who experienced successful engraftment of haploidentical related bone marrow. Both patients received conditioning consisting of rabbit ATG, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, and total body irradiation pretransplant, with PTCy. The conditioning regimen was well tolerated by both patients, and they achieved full donor engraftment and were weaned off all immunosuppressants. Haploidentical stem cell transplantation in patients with severe aplastic anemia may be an effective alternative when fully matched donors are not available. PTCy can facilitate successful engraftment and therefore expand the pool of eligible donors for patients with aplastic anemia.     

Successful unrelated mismatched cord blood transplantation in a child with malignant infantile osteopetrosis

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation represents the only curative option for malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP), a rare disease of infants and young children, characterized by excessive accumulation of mineralized bone and abnormal hematopoiesis. We report a case of successful engraftment and stable full-donor chimerism in a patient with MIOP who underwent unrelated donor cord blood transplantation (CBT). The donor was 2-loci human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatch. After a conditioning regimen based on the combination of busulfan, cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation, and antithymocyte globulin, the patient received a dose of 3.85 x 10(7)/kg of nucleated cells. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment had been achieved by day +33 and +82, respectively, and the patient was discharged home on day +89. A successful engraftment of donor hematopoiesis was demonstrated and the child experienced grade II acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) involving the skin only. A remarkable but non-progressive decrease in lumbar spine bone mineral density was observed in the first nine months post-transplant. This case suggests that unrelated donor CBT may be a feasible option in case of unavailability of a fully HLA-matched related or unrelated donor.     

Haploidentical stem cell transplantation as a salvage therapy for cord blood engraftment failure in a patient with Fanconi anemia

A 7‐year‐old male with Fanconi Anemia who developed primary graft failure following one antigen‐mismatched unrelated cord blood transplantation and a nonradiation‐based conditioning, underwent a second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from his 2‐loci mismatched haploidentical father, using a nonradiation‐based regimen, 79 days after the first HSCT. A sustained hematological engraftment was achieved at 9 days post‐second HSCT. At 15 months post‐second HSCT; the patient demonstrated normal blood counts, sustained donor chimerism, and no evidence of GVHD. Haploidentical HSCTs as primary or secondary sources of stem cells, with appropriate T‐cell depletion, may be a readily available option in the absence of HLA‐matched related or unrelated donors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:580–582. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

HAPLOIDENTICAL HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN CHILD HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES WITH G-CSF-MOBILIZED MARROW GRAFTS WITHOUT T-CELL DEPLETION: A Single-Center Report of 45 Cases

In this report, the authors describe a protocol for haploidentical bone marrow transplantation in children who received G-CSF-mobilized bone marrow grafts without T-cell depletion from HLA-mismatched parents. Forty-two of 45 patients achieved complete donor hematopoietic engraftment; the medium time for neutrophil and platelet recovery was 17 and 19 days, respectively. Three died of early transplantation-associated complications; other causes of death included relapse (11 cases), fungal pneumonia (5), and acute graft-versus-host disease (2). The total disease-free survival rate longer than 2 years was 53.3%. These data suggest that haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation is an alterative strategy for children who lack immediate access to HLA-matched sources.     

Unrelated CD3/CD19-Depleted Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation for Hurler Syndrome

For patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type IH (MPS1-H; Hurler syndrome), early allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice. One boy and one girl aged 20.5 and 22 months, respectively, with MPS1-H received a conditioning regimen consisting of thiotepa, fludarabine, treosulfan, and ATG. Grafts were peripheral blood stem cells from unrelated donors (10/12 and 11/11 matched), that were manipulated by CD3/CD19 depletion and contained 20.3 and 28.2 × 10⁶ CD34+ cells/kg body weight, respectively. Both patients achieved stable hematopoietic engraftment and stable donor chimerism. Neither acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) nor other severe transplant-related complications occurred. At a follow-up of 48 and 37 months, both patients are alive and well with normal levels of α-L-iduronidase and have made major neurodevelopmental progress. Treosulfan-based conditioning offers the advantage of reduced toxicity; the use of unrelated CD3/CD19-depleted peripheral stem cell grafts allows transfusion of high CD34+ cell numbers together with a “tailored” number of CD3+ cells as well as engraftment facilitating cells in order to achieve rapid hematopoietic engraftment while reducing the risk of graft rejection and GVHD. This regimen might be an additional option when unrelated donor HSCT is considered for a patient with MPS1-H.     

Related donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Fanconi anemia without radiation: a single center experience in Turkey

Abstract:  Eight children with FA underwent allogeneic HSCT without using irradiation for the conditioning regimen. Patients received two different conditioning regimens: first two patients received BU 1.5 mg/kg/day for four days and CY 10 mg/kg/day for four days and the other regimen was: Flu 30 mg/m²/day for five days, CY 10 mg/kg/day for two days, and ATG-Fresenius 9–10 mg/kg/day for four days. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of CsA + MTX for the first two patients and only CsA for the others. All patients received HLA-identical stem cells from related donors. Primary engraftment was demonstrated in all patients. No patient developed acute GVHD and one patient had chronic GVHD. Only one patient who received BU based regimen died because of VOD. Overall, seven patients (87.5%) are alive with stable full donor chimerism at a median follow-up time of 2.5 yr (range: 1.7–8.9 yr). None of the patients developed secondary malignancy. Based on our data, we conclude that Flu-based, non-irradiation conditioning regimen was safe with low organ toxicity and stable engraftment in FA patients undergoing HSCT from matched related donors.