齐墩果酸对CYP1A2酶活性的影响

目的:探究齐墩果酸对细胞色素P450-亚酶CYP1A2酶活性的影响。方法:受试者服用一周齐墩果酸后,再服用探针药物咖啡因,采用RP-HPLC测定探药的浓度以及相应代谢产物的浓度。结果:咖啡因的代谢受到了明显的抑制,其达峰的时间和消除的半衰期均显著的增加。结论:服用齐墩果酸对CYP1A2酶活性具有显著的抑制作用。     

贞芪扶正胶囊对大鼠肝细胞色素P450酶CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2E1的影响

目的:研究贞芪扶正胶囊对大鼠肝细胞色素P450酶CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2E1的影响。方法:用Cocktail探针药物法,将Wistar大鼠按体重随机分组,灌胃给予贞芪扶正胶囊溶液,以生理盐水为空白对照,诱导10天,股动脉插管,注射给予Cocktail探针药物咖啡因、氨苯砜、氯唑沙宗,通过HPLC检测各探针药物的代谢率来评价各组的CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2E1亚型酶的活性;药动学计算采用DAS2.0软件完成。结果:给予贞芪扶正胶囊组大鼠CYP2E1的酶活性明显低于对照组,探针药物氯唑沙宗的t1/2显著延长;CYP1A2、CYP3A4的的水平没有显著变化。结论:贞芪扶正胶囊对大鼠CYP2E1有抑制作用,对大鼠CYP1A2、CYP3A4的影响不显著。     

丹参⁃红花药对对心肌缺血大鼠CYP450酶活力和mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨丹参?红花药对对心肌缺血大鼠CYP450酶活力和mRNA表达的影响。方法大鼠随机分为模型组、空白对照组、丹参?红花(3∶1)组、丹参?红花(2∶1)组、丹参?红花(1∶1)组,连续给药15 d后麻醉大鼠,取出肝脏,每组10只用于检测3种探针底物的浓度,其余10只用于实时荧光定量PCR(RT?PCR)测定CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A2 mRNA表达。结果与模型组相比,丹参?红花药对(3∶1,2∶1)组大鼠非那西丁、氯唑沙宗、咪达唑仑的代谢消除率降低(P<0.05);与空白组比较,模型组大鼠CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A2 mRNA表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,丹参?红花药对(3∶1,2∶1)组大鼠CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A2 mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.05)。结论丹参?红花药对(3∶1,2∶1)可下调模型大鼠CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A2 mRNA表达,显著抑制酶活力,在3∶1比例下作用最强。     

注射用益气复脉(冻干)对大鼠肝微粒体CYP1A2,CYP3A4活性的影响研究

目的:研究注射用益气复脉(冻干)对大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450(CYP1A2,CYP3A4)酶活性的影响效应.方法:实验设空白对照组(生理盐水)、诱导组(苯巴比妥)和益气复脉低、中、高剂量组,连续给药7 d.采用高效液相色谱法检测,以探针药非那西丁和咪达唑仑经大鼠肝微粒体孵育后转化的代谢产物对乙酰氨基酚和1'-羟基咪达唑仑的生成速率来判定CYP1A2,CYP3A4酶的活性.结果:空白对照组、诱导组和益气复脉低、中、高剂量组的对乙酰氨基酚的生成速率分别为(1.304 ±0.205),(8.555±1.193),(2.927±0.576),(3.675±0.444),(3.024±0.552)ng·mg-1·min-1,1-羟基咪达唑仑的生成速率分别为(9.100±2.235),(47.413±4.320),(38.649 ±5.043),(36.282±3.254),(33.764±5.128)ng·mg-1·min-1.结论:注射用益气复脉对大鼠CYP1A2,CYP3A4酶的活性具有诱导作用.     

利血平诱导的急性抑郁模型大鼠体内CYP450亚酶的活性变化

目的:运用Cocktail探针法测定利血平诱导的急性抑郁模型大鼠体内6种细胞色素P450(CYP450)亚酶活性变化,从药物代谢相互作用的角度探寻抑郁症的发病机制。方法:建立利血平诱导的急性抑郁模型,大鼠随机分为空白组(记为A组),模型组(记为C组)和西药文拉法辛组(记为H组),适应1星期后,H组连续给药2周,A组和C组给予清水2周,第21天C组和H组按4 mg·kg~(-1)腹腔注射利血平注射剂,A组注射等体积生理盐水,第22天禁食不禁水12 h,第23天各组大鼠按10 m L·kg~(-1)灌胃给予混合探针药物。选取茶碱、氯唑沙宗、甲苯磺丁脲、右美沙芬、奥美拉唑以及咪达唑仑作为大鼠CYP1A2,CYP2C6,CYP2D1,CYP2D2,CYP2E1和CYP3A2的探针底物,采用LC-MS/MS测定大鼠体内6种混合探针的血药浓度,计算药动学参数。结果:造模后甲苯磺丁脲在大鼠体内浓度显著升高、代谢减慢;咪达唑仑在大鼠体内浓度显著降低、代谢加快。给予抗抑郁文拉法辛后,茶碱、氯唑沙宗和咪达唑仑在大鼠体内浓度显著升高、代谢减慢。结论:利血平诱导的急性抑郁模型状态对大鼠CYP2D1和CYP2D2有中强抑制作用,对CYP3A2有中强诱导作用;给予文拉法辛后对模型大鼠CYP1A2,CYP2C6,CYP2E1,CYP3A2为中强抑制作用。     

壮骨关节丸对大鼠肝微粒体P450的影响

[目的]考察壮骨关节丸对大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450的影响。[方法]壮骨关节丸及其两个新工艺按含生药2.1 g/kg连续给大鼠灌胃7 d,末次药后24 h断头处死大鼠并取肝脏,用钙沉降法制备肝微粒体。在体外用含氨苯砜、非那西丁、奥美拉唑、氯唑沙宗的cocktail探针代谢来考察肝微粒体CYP3A、CYP1A2、CYP2C19、CYP2E1的活性。[结果]cocktail探针在体外肝微粒体系统中代谢1 h后,包括壮骨关节丸及其两个新工艺的给药组剩余氯唑沙宗浓度显著高于对照组,而奥美拉唑、非那西丁、氨苯砜浓度与对照组之间差异无统计学意义。[结论]壮骨关节丸可以抑制大鼠肝脏CYP2E1活性,但对CYP1A2、CYP3A及CYP2C19无显著影响。     

混合探针法评价天龙通心方对大鼠代谢酶活性的影响

目的为预防药物相互作用导致的临床合并用药隐患,初步探讨复方天龙通心方对大鼠体内药物代谢酶的影响。方法实验大鼠随机分为空白对照组和天龙通心组,连续灌胃给药14d后再给予CYP1A2(咖啡因)、CYP2C6(氯沙坦)、CYP2C11(奥美拉唑)、CYP2D2(右美沙芬)和CYP3A1/2(咪达唑仑)混合探针药,检测给药后不同时间点各探针药及其特异代谢底物的血药浓度,通过比较各探针药与代谢物药代动力学参数及代谢率(AUCmetablite/AUCprobe)变化,评价连续给予天龙通心方对大鼠体内CYP450代谢酶活性的影响。结果与空白对照组比较,连续给予大鼠天龙通心方后奥美拉唑峰浓度、体内暴露量均显著下降,代谢率明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);探针药咖啡因达峰时间显著推迟,代谢物和探针药AUC之比(AUCratio)下降30%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);咪哒唑仑及代谢产物1-羟基咪达唑仑达峰时间均延迟,而峰浓度、体内暴露水平均显著下降,原型药咪哒唑仑清除率显著升高。其他各组探针底物及其代谢产物主要药代动力学参数及代谢率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论重复给予复方天龙通心方对大鼠体内CYP2C11(人体CYP2C19)可能存在一定的诱导作用,而对CYP1A2、CYP2C6、CYP2D2和CYP3A1/2无显著影响,初步提示临床应用天龙通心方时应避免与经CYP2C19代谢的药物合并使用。     

天王补心丸中生地黄、玄参、天冬和麦冬水提液对大鼠肝CYP450酶含量及其亚型CYP3A, CYP2E1和CYP1A2活性的影响

目的:研究天王补心丸中滋阴类药味生地黄、玄参、天冬和麦冬水提物对大鼠肝肝药酶(CYP450)含量及对亚型CYP3A,CYP2E1,CYP1A2活性的影响,探讨CYP450在天王补心丸代谢中的作用.方法:大鼠灌胃给予生地黄、玄参、天冬和麦冬水提物7d后取肝脏称重并制备肝微粒体,紫外分光光度法测定肝微粒体细胞色素b5(Cytb5),P450的含量及CYP3A的活性,高效液相法测定CYP2E1和CYP1A2的活性.结果:与空白对照组比较,各给药组大鼠肝指数无显著变化;生地黄组CYP450含量极显著减少(P＜0.01),CYP3A活性极显著增加(P＜0.01),CYP1A2活性显著增加(P＜0.05);玄参组CYP450含量减少(P＜0.05),CYP3A和CYP1A2活性均极显著增加(P＜0.01);天冬组Cytb5含量增加(P＜0.05),CYP2E1活性增加(P＜0.05),CYP1A2活性极显著增加(P＜0.01);麦冬组cytb5,CYP450含量无统计学差异,CYP3A活性增加(P＜0.05),CYP2E1活性增加(P＜0.05),CYP1A2活性极显著增加(P＜0.01).结论:天王补心丸中生地黄、玄参降低大鼠肝脏CYP450酶含量并均诱导CYP3A和CYP1A2活性,天冬诱导CYP2E1和CYP1A2活性,麦冬诱导CYP3A,CYP2E1和CYP1A2活性.由于抑制CYP450活性,减少对其他药代谢,滋阴药组在天王补心丸全方配伍中可增强其他各功能组比如补血养血、宁心安神类药味的作用,为探讨天王补心丸的配伍机制提供了理论基础.     

以咪哒唑仑为探针药测定大鼠肠CYP3A活性及其孵育条件优化

目的测定大鼠肠微粒体中细胞色素P4503A(CYP3A)的活性,并对其体外孵育条件进行优化。方法采用1′-羟基咪哒唑仑的生成量表示肠中CYP3A的活性,反相高效液相色谱法测定肠微粒体中1′-羟基咪哒唑仑的浓度,用单因素实验法对其体外孵育条件进行优化,用线性Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法研究肠CYP3A酶促动力学。结果1′-羟基咪哒唑仑在9.10～910.00ng.mL-1内线性关系良好;体外优化的孵育条件为10μmol.L-1咪哒唑仑、4μg肠微粒体、孵育20min;肠CYP3A酶促动力学参数Km为7.61μmol.L-1,Vmax为1.26nmol.min-1.mg-1。结论HPLC操作简便、灵敏、快速,适用于肠微粒体中1′-羟基咪哒唑仑的浓度测定,肠CYP3A孵育条件及其酶促动力学研究为研究经CYP3A代谢的药物相互作用及其他物质对CYP3A酶的影响提供理论依据。     

葡萄柚汁中的2个主要成分抑制肠内CYP3A4有不同的起始时间

葡萄柚汁可升高某些口服药物的血浓度，这主要是由于其抑制了肠中CYP3A4介导的首过代谢，它所含的2个主要化合物6＇，7＇-二羟基香柠檬亭（DHB）和香柠檬亭（BG）是引起葡萄柚汁与药物相互作用的重要成分。作者采用CYP3A4表达的Caco-2细胞和以不同的CYP3A4底物亚组（咪达唑仑和睾酮）为探针，     

清开灵注射液对大鼠CYP1A2和2D6的影响

目的：通过清开灵注射液的大鼠体内、外实验,观察清开灵注射液对大鼠CYP1A2亚型,CYP2D6亚型的影响。方法：通过HPLC法测定全血中咖啡因的代谢率,观测清开灵注射液对大鼠CYP1A2活性的影响；通过HPLC法测定大鼠肝微粒体重组系统非那西丁的代谢比率,确定清开灵注射液对大鼠肝微粒体CYP1A2亚型的作用；测定大鼠肝微粒体重组系统右美沙芬的代谢比率,确定清开灵注射液对大鼠肝微粒体CYP2D6亚型的作用。结果：实验组中给予大鼠不同浓度的清开灵注射液(0.15,0.3,0.6 mL·kg^-1),其咖啡因代谢率为(15.9±3.8)%,(14.5±1.8)%,(12.3±1.2)%,对照组为(16.8±5.9)%,各剂量组及对照组间均无显著性差异；肝微粒体体外重组系统中,实验组各浓度清开灵注射液对CYP2D6没有影响；高剂量组清开灵注射液对CYP1A2有抑制作用。结论：清开灵注射液对CYP1A2和 CYP2D6的活性没有影响。     

Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in rats in vivo

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the activities of the drug‐metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 1A2, 2 C9, 2D6 and 3A4 in rats. The activities of CYP1A2, 2 C9, 2D6 and 3A4 were measured using specific probe drugs. After pretreatment for 1 week with PNS or physiological saline (control group), probe drugs caffeine (10 mg/kg; CYP1A2 activity), tolbutamide (15 mg/kg; CYP2C9 activity), metoprolol (20 mg/kg; CYP2D6 activity) and dapsone (10 mg/kg; CYP3A4 activity) were administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection. The blood was then collected at different times for ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) analysis. The data showed that PNS exhibited an induction effect on CYP1A2 by decreasing caffeine C_max (36.3%, p < 0.01) and AUC_0‐∞ (22.77%, p < 0.05) and increasing CL/F (27.03%, p < 0.05) compared with those of the control group. Western blot analysis was used to detect the effect of PNS on the protein level of CYP1A2, and the results showed that PNS could upregulate the protein expression of CYP1A2. However, no significant changes in CYP2C9, 2D6 or 3A4 activities were observed. In conclusion, the results indicate that PNS could induce CYP1A2, which may affect the disposition of medicines primarily dependent on the CYP1A2 pathway. Our work may be the basis of related herb–drug interactions in the clinic. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of ephedra water decoction and cough tablets containing ephedra and liquorice on CYP1A2 and the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats

Ephedra water decoction (EWD) and cough tablets containing ephedra and liquorice (maxing cough tablets, MXCT) have been used widely in the treatment of asthma. In the clinic, EWD and MXCT may be prescribed with theophylline, one of the most popular antiasthmatic drugs and a typical substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2. So in the present study the potential effects of EWD and MXCT on CYP1A2 activity and the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats were evaluated. In the in vivo CYP1A2 activity research, the rats were given oral caffeine (10 mg/kg) after a 14 day pretreatment with EWD (18 g/kg) and MXCT (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 g/kg). Then the CYP 1A2 activity was expressed by using the caffeine metabolic ratio (CMR). The results showed that the CMR increased markedly compared with the control groups. In the pharmacokinetics experiment, the rats were given oral theophylline (10 mg/kg) after a 14 day pretreatment with EWD (18 g/kg) and MXCT (0.2 g/kg). The results showed that the AUC_{0‐24 h} and C_max of theophylline were reduced markedly compared with the control groups. These results demonstrated that EWD or MXCT pretreatment obviously induced CYP1A2 activity, therefore, speeding up the metabolism of theophylline. The concomitant use of EWD or MXCT may decrease the effect of theophylline in rats. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

临床治疗剂量喹硫平体内代谢机制研究

 目的探讨临床治疗剂量喹硫平体内代谢机制。方法19例病人均经历多剂量单独使用喹硫平和多剂量喹硫平与红霉素合用两个周期。同时,给予单剂量的咪达唑仑测定酶活性。在一定的时间间隔内采集血样,用HPLC-MS/ESI⁺测定喹硫平及其3个代谢产物浓度;用HPLC-UV测定咪达唑仑及其代谢产物浓度。结果喹硫平与红霉素联用后,CYP3A4活性显著下降;喹硫平的ρ^SS_max,AUC^SS_0-24和t_1/2显著增加,CL/F显著下降,AUC^SS_O-24和CL/F的改变量分别与CYP3A4活性改变量负和正相关;磺氧化喹硫平的ρ^{SS_max,AUCSS_0-24显著减少,t_1/2显著延长,t_1/2的改变量与CYP3A4活性改变量正相关;7-羟基喹硫平的ρSS_max和AUCSS_O-24没有显著性改变,t_1/2显著延长并与CYP3A4活性相关;7-羟基-氮去烷基-喹硫平的t_1/2没有显著性改变,ρSS_max和AUCSS_O-24显著下降,AUCSS_O-24的改变量与CYP3A4活性改变量正相关。结论喹硫平的磺氧化和氮去烷基化主要由CYP3A4催化,7-羟基化不是主要由CYP3A4催化,其中磺氧化是喹硫平的体内主要代谢途径。}     

Resveratrol Pretreatment Affects CYP2E1 Activity of Chlorzoxazone in Healthy Human Volunteers

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol (RSV) pretreatment on CYP2E1 enzyme activity and pharmacokinetics of chlorzoxazone (CHZ) in healthy human volunteers. The open‐label, two period, sequential study was conducted in 12 healthy human volunteers. A single dose of RSV 500 mg was administered once daily for 10 days during treatment phase. A single dose of CHZ 250 mg was administered during control and after treatment phases under fasting conditions. The blood samples were collected after CHZ dosing at predetermined time intervals and analyzed by HPLC. RSV pretreatment significantly enhanced the maximum plasma concentration (C_max), area under the curve (AUC) and half life (T_1/2) and significantly decreased elimination rate constant (K_el), apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) of CHZ as compared to that of control. In addition, RSV pretreatment significantly decreased the metabolite to parent (6‐OHCHZ/CHZ) ratios of C_max, AUC and T_1/2 and significantly increased the K_el ratio of 6‐OHCHZ/CHZ, which indicated the reduced formation of CHZ to 6‐OHCHZ. The results suggest that the altered CYP2E1 enzyme activity and pharmacokinetics of CHZ might be attributed to RSV mediated inhibition of CYP2E1 enzyme. Thus, there is a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between RSV and CHZ. The inhibition of CYP2E1 by RSV may provide a novel approach for minimizing the hepatotoxicity of ethanol. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

健康志愿者多剂量服用六味地黄丸对CYP3A4活性的影响

 目的 在健康志愿者体内研究多剂量口服六味地黄丸对细胞色素P450（CYP）3A4活性的影响作用。方法 采用随机开放两周期试验设计, 8例健康志愿者口服六味地黄丸14 d（每天3次,每次8粒）的前后单剂量口服咪达唑仑15 mg, HPLC测定给药后咪达唑仑10 h内的不同时间点的血浆浓度。结果 口服六味地黄丸前与口服六味地黄丸14 d后的咪达唑仑ρ_max,AUC_0-10, CL/F和t_1/2比值的90%可信区间分别为(44.5, 78.5) ng·mL-1, (58.9, 85.8) ng·h·mL-1, (116.4, 170.7) L·h-1和(88.1,124.9) h,口服六味地黄丸前后咪达唑仑t_max无明显差异。结论 口服六味地黄丸14 d对肠道CYP3A4有诱导作用。     

Scutellarin inhibits cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 1A2 (CYP1A2) in rats

Scutellarin is the most important flavone glycoside in the herbal drug Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.‐Mazz. It is used frequently in the clinic to treat ischemic vascular diseases in China. However, the direct relationship between scutellarin and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is unclear. The present study investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of scutellarin on cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP 1A2) metabolism. According to in vitro experiments, scutellarin (10–250 µ m ) decreased the formation of 4‐acetamidophenol in a concentration‐dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ value of 108.20 ± 0.657 µ m . Furthermore, scutellarin exhibited a weak mixed‐type inhibition against the activity of CYP1A2 in rat liver microsomes, with a K_i value of 95.2 µ m . Whereas in whole animal studies, scutellarin treatment for 7 days (at 5, 15, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the clearance (CL), and increased the T_1/2 (at 15, 30 mg/kg, i.p.), it did not affect the V_d of phenacetin. Scutellarin treatment (at 5, 15, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the AUC_0‐∞ by 14.3%, 67.3% and 159.2%, respectively. Scutellarin at 30 mg/kg also weakly inhibited CYP1A2 activity, in accordance with our in vitro study. Thus, the results indicate that CYP1A2 is inhibited directly, but weakly, by scutellarin in vivo, and provide useful information on the safe and effective use of scutellarin in clinical practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cocktail探针药物法评价辣椒素对大鼠CYP1A2,2C11和3A作用的研究

 目的 用“cocktail”探针药物法研究单次或多次口服辣椒素对大鼠肝药酶CYP1A2、CYP2C11和CYP3A的影响。方法 将雄性SD大鼠随机分组,给予辣椒素25 mg·kg^-1,分别灌胃1, 3, 7 d,以0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠作为空白对照组,每组8只,给药后于不同的时间点采集血样。用HPLC测定大鼠血浆中探针药物咖啡因、甲苯磺丁脲和氨苯砜的浓度,血药浓度-时间数据采用DAS2.1.1软件进行药动学分析。结果 与对照组相比,辣椒素灌胃7 d后,咖啡因的AUC_0-t、AUC_0-∞和ρ_max显著减小, CL/F显著增大;甲苯磺丁脲的AUC_0-t显著减小,ρ_max极显著减小;氨苯砜的AUC_0-t和AUC_0-∞极显著减小,CL/F和V/F极显著增大。结论 辣椒素灌胃7 d后对大鼠肝药酶CYP1A2、CYP2C11和CYP3A可能存在不同程度的诱导作用,其中对CYP3A的诱导作用较强。