学龄前儿童营养不良状况调查与影响因素

目的：调查学龄前儿童营养不良状况，分析其影响因素。方法应用整群随机抽取法抽取某地区学龄前儿童541名作为本次研究对象，男287名，女254名，年龄从2岁1个月～6岁10个月，平均年龄4岁7个月，对儿童饮食习惯、家庭人口及文化程度、人均居住面积等项目进行问卷调查，并对所有儿童进行统一身高及体重测量，并对数据进行统计学分析计算。结果本次研究541名儿童中，低体重儿童210名（约占38.81%），生长迟缓儿童102名（约占41.04%），消瘦儿童127名（约占23.48%）。另外检出出体重超重儿童10名（1.85%），轻度单纯性肥胖儿童2名（约占0.4%）。结论儿童营养不良的主要危险因素是儿童膳食结构不合理及摄入不足。另外，对于因先天性原因造成儿童营养不良，应积极预防措施，促进儿童健康成长。     

3385名学龄前儿童体质量≤均数-2个标准差调查分析

目的了解学龄前儿童体质量≤均数-2个标准差状况，为学龄前儿童合理营养干预措施提供资料。方法对2012年玉林市城区21所幼儿园学龄前儿童正常体检资料进行统计分析。结果3385名学龄前儿童体质量≤均数-2个标准差（营养不良）儿童68例，发生率为2．01％。结论在校幼儿园学龄前儿童营养不良发生率有随年龄的增长而增高的发展趋势，尽管营养不良发生率较低，仍需用对营养不良儿童家家属提供儿童营养指导，以利于儿童健康成长。     

集体儿童生长发育与营养状况分析

目的探讨幼儿园儿童生长发育与营养状况的变化趋势。方法采用时间序列比较方法对佛山市三水城区幼儿园2001～2003年儿童体检资料进行分析比较。结果三年间儿童营养不良患病率平均为9.04%,其中低体重4.29%,发育迟缓4.02%,消瘦1.08%,呈现逐年下降趋势,营养不良分类中以低体重和发育迟缓为主.儿童肥胖率有增高趋势,且随年龄增长而增高。结论应关心3～6岁儿童的生长和营养问题,重视儿童营养不良和肥胖的干预。     

长治市3～12岁儿童睡眠障碍流行病学调查

目的了解本市3～12岁儿童睡眠障碍的发生及其相关影响因素,为有针对性的进行干预提供指导。方法随机抽取本市1236名3～12岁儿童进行睡眠状况问卷调查。结果本市3—12岁儿童总的睡眠障碍发生率34．3％,睡眠不安、多汗、磨牙、梦呓等睡眠障碍,男女童发生情况差异无显著性。年幼儿睡眠障碍发生率较高。母亲打鼾史、家庭环境等为其相关影响因素。结论目前长治市3～12岁儿童睡眠障碍发生率较高,家庭环境因素、不良的睡眠习惯等与其发生密切相关。     

某区3～6岁本地儿童与外来儿童体格发育及营养状况分析

目的：探讨本地儿童与外来儿童生长发育及营养状况。方法：对公立幼儿园和民办幼儿园3～6岁2692名儿童进行体格检查,使用百分位法表示结果,以《上海市郊区0～6岁男（女）儿童体格发育五项指标评价参考值（2005年）》为标准评价。结果：本地儿童体重、身高指标好于外来儿童,身高指标较体重更为明显,外来儿童轻度营养不良高于本地儿童。结论：幼儿园应加强儿童膳食营养和保健管理,卫生机构进行指导和干预。     

7598名都市村庄幼儿园儿童健康体检结果分析

目的:为了掌握本市都市村庄幼儿园儿童的健康状况,从而为改善幼儿园儿童的健康状况提供可靠的数据资料。方法:对金水区部分都市村庄26所幼儿园的所有3～6岁儿童进行健康体检,按WHO推荐的年龄别身高,年龄别体重,身高别体重标准进行鉴定。结果:体重、身高达均值人数与市区幼儿园相比减低,儿童常见病的患病率与市区幼儿园相比增高。结论:对都市村庄幼儿园实施卫生保健管理,预防和干预儿童常见病的发生,提高都市村庄幼儿园儿童的健康状况。     

幼儿园儿童体格发育与营养状况的分析

目的对幼儿园儿童体格发育与营养状况进行分析。方法选取2014年~2016年3~6岁幼儿园儿童作为本次研究对象,对其体格发育以及营养状况进行分析。结果 3~6岁幼儿园儿童体格检查中,其在2014年、2015年以及2016年的年龄别体质量、身高别体质量、年龄别身高、年龄别体质量相似文献   

宜宾县7岁以下儿童营养不良调查分析

目的调查2009年宜宾县7岁以下儿童营养不良患病率及其影响因素为营养不良防治提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,对278名宜宾县7岁以下儿童进行体格检查及调查问卷,用WHO推荐的Z评分标准进行营养不良诊断并调查病因。结果本次调查显示,宜宾县0～7岁儿童营养不良患病率为27.4%,其中低体质量14.4%,生长迟缓8.3%,消瘦4.7%,且具有性别差别、年龄差别。结论宜宾县儿童营养不良患病率明显高于全国平均水平,营养不良问题应积极采取相应的干预措施加强防治,降低营养不良的患病率。     

大庆市3～6岁儿童视力情况调查

为了了解大庆市城区3～6岁儿童视力发育情况,也为了今后制定公私立幼儿园保健计划和防治儿童弱视工作提供科学依据,2008年2～10月对我市东风新村地区3000例集体儿童的视力情况进行了调查,现将视力检测结果报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料2008年大庆市东风新村地区公立幼儿园15所、私立幼儿园15所3～6岁儿童共3000例,其中男童1571     

健康儿童450名乙型脑炎抗体水平监测分析

<正>为了解湖北省十堰市12岁以下健康儿童中流行性乙型脑炎抗体水平状况,探讨免疫策略,2011年5月对湖北省十堰市城区各学校、幼儿园抽查450名12岁以下健康儿童,进行乙型脑炎抗体水平监测,现将结果报告如下。1对象与方法1.1研究对象:以本市2所小学、3所幼儿园的2～12岁健康儿童作为抽查对象,分为<2岁、3岁～、4岁～、5岁～、6     

某幼儿园3~5岁儿童龋病的影响因素分析

目的 了解合肥市某幼儿园3～5岁儿童口腔卫生状况及龋病的影响因素,为学龄前儿童口腔卫生教育工作提供参考.方法 选择合肥市蜀山区某幼儿园3～5岁儿童173名进行问卷调查和口腔健康检查.结果合肥市蜀山区某幼儿园3～5岁儿童患龋率58.9 %,年龄越大患龋率越高.结论 刷牙时间,次数以及平时的饮食习惯可能是龋齿的影响因素.     

Immunisation and nutritional status of under-fives in rural Zambia.

In 1987 the nutritional status of Zambian children under 5 years of age was studied in 3 regions around Kamoto Hospital with the objective of exploring the prevalence if malnutrition and contributing factors such as maternal education and immunization status. Jumbe was within easy reach of the hospital with a relatively high standard of living. Masumba and Kakumbi were different areas in one region with their own health center further away from the hospital. Chibembe was isolated without good roads. The nutritional status of 1-5 year old children was measured by the Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). A questionnaire with 22 questions queried mothers about education, breast feeding, meals, water supply, and sanitation. A total of 1251 children were observed, 1222 under age 5, and 29 a little older. 40% of mothers had no education and 54% had some primary education (15.2% passed grade 4, 7.3% reached grade 6, and 18.2% finished grade 7). Less than 5% attended secondary school, and only 1% of mothers finished it. In Chibembe almost 50% of mothers had no education, secondary school education was the lowest of the regions, while in Jumbe was the highest. Immunizations included Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at birth, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP I, II, III, and a booster), oral polio vaccine (OPV) I, II, III, and a booster, and measles. The Chibembe region has the highest number of incomplete immunizations. In the Jumbe region unknown immunization presumably contributed to a higher number of older children. The nutritional status of children was the lowest in Chibembe region with a 10.8% rate of malnutrition and the lowest rate of maternal education. In Masumba/Kakumbi malnutrition was the lowest with 5.6%, while maternal education and complete immunization were the highest. The nutritional status of the completely immunized children was better. MUAC should be routinely employed for children under 5 years of age.     

中山市某区学校学生家长对流感疫苗接种状况影响分析

目的分析中山市某区学校学生家长对流感疫苗接种状况的影响,为服务的改进提供参考。方法对2011年4月～2012年9月中山市某区每个年龄层按照等距抽样原则抽取小学与幼儿园儿童各200名,采用相关知识问卷及核查流感疫苗接种记录的方式对入组儿童的疫苗接种情况进行统计,同时对儿童家长文化程度、家长对接种疫苗相关知识的掌握程度、态度及接种服务需求等情况做详细调查。结果本组儿童流感疫苗接种率为37．5％,其中幼儿园儿童接种率为42．5％;小学1-2年级接种率为41．18％;小学3-6年级接种率为28．03％。幼儿园与小学1～2年级接种率高于高年龄接种率。孩子身体健康而无需接种、不相信疫苗效果、流感流行时再接种、文化程度、家长认知水平、担心疫苗的安全性是影响疫苗接种率的主要因素,以上因素在两组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论中山市某区学校流感疫苗接种率低,家长对流感疫苗接种重要性认识不足及担心疫苗的安全性等是主要影响因素,对此,应采取有效的措施,加强宣传与沟通,提高儿童流感疫苗的接种率。     

深圳市松岗街道婴幼儿营养状况调查及相关影响因素分析

目的：对深圳市松岗街道婴幼儿营养状况进行调查及并对相关影响因素进行分析。方法选取2010年3月～2012年7月在本所儿童保健门诊进行健康检查的6个月～3岁的本街道儿童5670例,进行问卷调查。结果生长迟缓检出率最高（21.35%）,消瘦检出率最低（7.11%）。随月龄增大,生长迟缓率和体重低下率均呈现增高趋势（P＜0.05）,而消瘦率呈现降低趋势（P＜0.05）;男童生长迟缓和消瘦高于女童（P＜0.05）,而体重低下则相反。除母亲年龄外,其余14项影响因素均与婴幼儿营养不良相关（P＜0.05）。结论深圳市松岗街道婴幼儿营养不良发生率较高,其发生与喂养方式、出生情况、患病情况和家庭情况有关。     

Assessment of multipathway exposure of small children to PAH

The aim of study was to assess the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by children living in a city and its effect on 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretion. Two groups of children (n=11 and 13; 3-6 years old) were chosen: (1) a group from a kindergarten situated near a road with a high traffic density ('polluted' area); (2) a group from a kindergarten situated in a green zone ('non polluted' area). Food consumption was recorded in all children and PAH uptake from foodstuffs was estimated. Ambient air samples were collected on the playground and indoor of kindergartens during 3 days in summer 1997. Soil samples were collected on the playground. Urine samples were collected in the morning and in the evening. Mean outdoor total PAH concentration (sum of 12 individual PAH) in 'polluted' area was 12 times higher than that in 'non polluted' area (22.9 vs. 1.9 ng/m(3)). However, indoor concentrations were similar (3.0 vs. 2.1 ng/m(3)). The same trend was observed for pyrene concentrations. The contribution to the total pyrene absorbed dose from food consumption (estimated daily absorbed dose of 167 and 186 ng, respectively, in 'polluted' and 'non polluted' area) was much more important than that from inhalation (8.4 and 5.4 ng, respectively) in both areas. The estimated daily absorbed doses of pyrene from the soil were 0.061 and 0.104 ng in 'polluted' and 'non polluted' kindergarten, respectively, which correspond to 0.032 and 0.059% of the total absorbed dose. Higher urinary concentrations of 1-OHP were found in children from 'polluted' kindergarten. In conclusion, the food seems to be a main source of the total pyrene and total PAH uptake in small children, even under a relative high PAH air exposure in the city. Pyrene concentration in soil had a negligible contribution to the total pyrene absorbed dose. Usefulness of the urinary 1-OHP as an indicator of the environmental exposure to PAH needs further research.     

双黄连注射剂儿童不良反应病例对照研究

目的:探讨儿童使用双黄连注射剂发生不良反应的危险因素。方法:将某三级甲等医院2001年1月～2002年12月使用双黄连注射剂住院患儿列为调查对象,其中出现不良反应的39例患儿纳入病例组,采用1:2匹配病例对照,对照组为相匹配的78例患儿。选取既往史、过敏史、合并抗菌药、合并用药总数、出现时间、用药总天数、溶媒、滴速、剂量、生产批次等9项侯选危险因素进行调查分析,用SPSS13.0统计软件,采用配对单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析,筛选出危险因素。结果:单因素条件logstic回归分析将用药总天数筛选为不良反应出现的"保护因素",OR值为0.097,P<0.05。合并用药总数筛选为不良反应出现的危险因素,OR值为2.449,P<0.05;多因素条件logstic回归分析显示,用药总天数是双黄连不良反应出现的"保护因素",OR值为0.089(95%CI:0.018～0.431)。合并用药总数是双黄连不良反应出现的危险因素,OR值为2.678(95%CI:1.199～5.979)。结论:合并用药总数是儿童使用双黄连注射剂发生不良反应的危险因素。     

小榄镇不同体制幼儿园儿童健康状况比较分析

目的 观察小榄镇不同体制幼儿园儿童的健康状况.方法 回顾分析2009年4-6月小榄镇38所不同体制幼儿园8636名儿童的健康体检资料.结果 公立幼儿园与社会力量办学的幼儿园的儿童健康状况优于私营幼儿园.结论 为全面提高我镇学龄前儿童的健康水平,镇教办和卫生部门尤其要加强对私营幼儿园的管理和执法力度,从总体上提高其素质.     

Urinary excretion of valproate metabolites in children and adolescents

The objective of this communication is to describe the changes in the metabolic profile of valproic acid (VPA) from early to late childhood and adolescence. A cross-sectional study of 12 children and adolescents attending a neurological outpatients department, who were medicated with VPA, was carried out. The proportions of daily dose excreted as VPA-glucuronide, 3-oxo-VPA and 4-OH-VPA were calculated by relating 24-h recovery of these metabolites from urine to daily VPA dose. VPA, 3-oxo-VPA and 2-en-valproic acid (2-en-VPA) were measured in trough serum samples. VPA and its metabolites were measured using a capillary gas chromatograpy method. The proportion of daily dose recovered as VPA-glucuronide in children 10 years and younger was smaller than in older children (p<0.05). There were no differences between age groups in the recovery of the other measured metabolites. Lamotrigine (LTG) comedication was also associated with a higher proportion of VPA dose recovered as glucuronide (p<0.01). LTG comedication had a stronger association with a higher proportion of dose being recovered as VPA-glucuronide on multivariate analysis than did the age group (p=0.001 versus p<0.05). In conclusion, older children and adolescents, when compared with younger children, and those comedicated with LTG excrete a higher proportion of VPA dose as VPA-glucuronide.