浅议医疗设备管理

医院医疗设备管理部门要认识医疗设备管理的重要性,提管理管理水平,加强医疗设备管理的制度建设,发挥医疗设备应有作用.     

PDCA循环在设备科管理中的应用

本文针对医疗设备管理的特点,介绍了PDCA循环的实施流程及其在设备科管理中的应用,以帮助规范医疗设备管理流程,加强医疗设备管理质量,改进医疗设备管理存在的问题。     

浅论医疗设备购置的管理

从医疗设备购置的原则、选择和评价时应注意的问题以及评价指标等方面论述了医疗设备购置的管理是医疗设备管理的重要环节,加强医疗设备购置的管理是提高医院管理水平的重要基础.     

浅论医疗设备管理中的重要环节

目的：通过分析医疗设备管理工作中存在的问题,寻找合理的解决办法,按照行之有效的方法做好设备管理工作,以确保医疗设备的安全使用。方法：建立健全各项规章制度和管理流程,规范各环节的管理,将设备由“进”到“出”的全过程纳入医疗设备管理之中。结果：通过规范化管理不仅提高了医疗设备的管理质量,同时提高了医疗设备的利用率和医院的经济效益。结论：医疗设备管理是医院管理的重要组成部分,通过规范化的管理,能够充分发挥医疗设备的效能、提高医疗服务质量。     

持续改进医疗设备管理提高医疗设备使用效益

本文利用质量持续改进理论,不断发现、总结、改进、发现医疗设备管理中的问题,持续改进医疗设备管理,提高医疗设备的使用效益.     

加强医疗设备管理的若干措施——从提高投资效益角度的探讨

医疗设备是医院固定资产的重要组成部分，医疗设备管理的科学化、规范化、现代化程度，是医院管理水平的重要方面。如何购好、用好、管好、修好医疗设备，充分发挥其技术效益、经济效益和社会效益．是当前急需解决的问题。论文探讨了加强医疗设备管理的六个方面，认为：设备科在医院中的地位与作用有待于进一步加强；医疗设备的购置管理是医疗设备管理的重点；对于医疗设备账物管理办法的内容及做法进行了介绍；必须高度重视设备的使用管理，充分发挥设备的社会效益和经济效益；在加强设备管理过程中，要特别讲求成本效益；最后，通过采用计算机管理加强设备管理，是提高设备管理现代化程度的重要组成。     

用市场经济的观点强化医疗设备的管理

<正>现代化的医疗设备是现代医学高度发达的象征,是体现医疗单位实力与水平的主要条件之一.目前,全国各大医院都已普遍实行分级管理,各医院都相应地增添了许多新的医疗设备.随着卫生事业投入的增加,医疗设备还将有进一步的增加.而医疗设备管理的各个环节都直接影响着医院的效益,因此强化医疗设备的管理,从管理中出效益是刻不容缓的问题.     

加强医疗设备管理的若干措施——从提高投资效益角度的探讨

医疗设备是医院固定资产的重要组成部分，医疗设备管理的科学化、规范化、现代化程度，是医院管理水平的重要方面。如何购好用好管好修好医疗设备，充分发挥其技术效益、经济效益和社会效益，是当前急需解决的问题。论文探讨了加强医疗设备管理的六个方面，认为：设备科在医院中的地位与作用有待于进一步加强；医疗设备的购置管理是医疗设备管理的重点；对于医疗设备账物管理办法的内容及做法进行了介绍；必须高度重视设备的使用管理，充分发挥设备的社会效益和经济效益；在加强设备管理过程中，要特别讲求成本效益；最后，通过采用计算机管理加强设备管理，是提高设备管理现代化程度的重要组成。     

浅谈财经中心在大型医疗设备管理中的作用

结合大型医疗设备管理实践,分析大型医疗设备管理存在的问题及原因,提出财经中心在大型医疗设备管理中应从把关设备相关政策、采取多样化专业论证方法、完善成本归集分摊制度、加强评估结果运用4个方面发挥作用,从而借助专业优势,突出设备管理中财经管理的特点,为医疗设备管理提供客观、科学、全面的决策依据。     

浅谈医院医疗设备档案管理

医疗设备管理是医院管理中的一个重要组成部分,医疗设备档案管理是设备管理的基础,故其管理的好坏,直接影响到医院医疗质量、技术水平及两个效益,所以加强医疗设备档案管理势在必行.     

国内医疗器械产品分类界定的概况与思考

本文介绍了国外医疗器械的分类管理、国内医疗器械分类概况及监管模式,就医疗器械分类在我国医疗器械监管中的作用及当前医疗器械分类管理中的问题进行了深入分析,并对解决方案提出了设想。     

Does Mediterranean Adequacy Index Correlate with Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease? An Exploratory Study

The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is a healthy dietary pattern, demonstrated to reduce the risk of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and early death. The Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) is used to measure adherence to the MD in perspective studies in the general population and correlates with cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to calculate the MAI among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and correlate it with traditional uremic, microbiota-derived, and proatherogenic toxins as well as nutritional status, quality of life, and cardiovascular events. A total of 60 adult patients with advanced CKD were enrolled and their MAI was calculated. According to the median value, patients were divided into lower (l-MAI, <1.80) and higher (h-MAI, ≥1.80) MAI groups. Biochemical parameters, microbiota-derived and proatherogenic toxins (p-Cresyl sulphate, Indoxyl-sulphate, and Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂), nutritional status, quality of life, and cardiovascular events that occurred in the previous three years were recorded. The mean value of the MAI was 2.78 ± 2.86. The MAI was significantly higher in foreigners (median (IQR) 6.38 (8.98) vs. 1.74 (1.67), p < 0.001) and diabetic patients. The l-MAI and h-MAI groups had similar routinary blood, p-Cresyl-sulphate, Indoxyl-sulphate, and Lp-PLA₂ as well as nutritional status and quality of life parameters. The MAI was not associated with previous cardiovascular events and did not correlate with cardiovascular events in CKD patients. New and nephro-tailored indexes are warranted to evaluate nutritional therapy in CKD patients.     

Community stakeholders' perspectives on the impact of the minority AIDS initiative in strengthening HIV prevention capacity in four communities

Objective. The Minority AIDS Initiative (MAI) was launched in 1998 to address the disproportionate rates of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted an evaluation to assess the influence of MAI in four communities, and the extent to which these communities increased their capacity to meet the HIV prevention needs of racial and ethnic minorities.

Design. Retrospective data were collected annually through individual interviews over three years. Individual interviews were conducted with community stakeholders across the three waves of data collection. Data were analyzed using standardized qualitative methods including codebook development, coding, inter-coder agreement assessments, and data interpretation. This paper will highlight one area of inquiry—community stakeholders’ perceptions of the impact of MAI in their communities.

Results. Community stakeholders reported that MAI increased capacity to respond to the HIV epidemic and provide services to racial and ethnic minorities. Specifically, MAI was perceived to have increased community empowerment, involvement, and awareness of HIV/AIDS; expanded HIV-related services and organizational self-sufficiency; and improved collaboration and the coordination of services in the community. Although recognizing MAI gave national focus to the impact of the epidemic on minority communities, respondents raised concerns about the implementation process and the lack of sustainability planning.

Conclusion. MAI represented an initial national attempt to address the disproportionate rates of HIV/AIDS among racial and ethnic minorities. However, other strategies are also needed to address these significant health disparities. At CDC, steps are currently underway to develop a comprehensive strategy to prevent and reduce the burden of HIV/AIDS among racial and ethnic minorities. As community stakeholders are critical partners in the effort to prevent the spread of HIV, strengthening their capacity and promoting their involvement can help combat the epidemic.     

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium and M. intracellulare (MAI) is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to both increased illness and death in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Early reports of treatment of MAI were disappointing but recent studies have shown that combination antimycobacterial therapy may provide symptomatic relief and an improvement in mycobacteraemia.     

早产儿颅内出血的相关因素及临床分析

目的探讨早产儿颅内出血(ICH)的相关影响因素并进行临床分析。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2017年12月在我院治疗的600例早产儿的临床资料,根据检查结果分为ICH组(102例)与非ICH组(498例),分析早产儿颅内出血的相关因素。结果 102例ICH早产儿中,Ⅰ度占87.25%,Ⅱ度占8.82%,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度占3.92%。ICH组的产前地塞米松应用率低于非ICH组,宫内窘迫率高于非ICH组(P <0.05); ICH组的机械通气率、电解质紊乱率高于非ICH组,胎龄≥34周占比低于非ICH组(P <0.05)。Logistic多因素分析显示,宫内窘迫、机械通气、胎龄<34周、电解质紊乱为早产儿颅内出血的危险因素(OR>1, P <0.05)。结论宫内窘迫、机械通气等均为早产儿颅内出血的危险因素,临床应加强对高危孕妇的监测,并于产前适时使用地塞米松,以尽可能降低ICH发生率。     

Change in the efficacy of influenza vaccination after repeated inoculation under antigenic mismatch: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo examine the effects of repeated influenza vaccination on medically-attended influenza (MAI) and acute respiratory illness (ARI) risk according to the antigenic matching between vaccine and circulating virus strains.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies that compared the risk of MAI and ARI between subjects who had been vaccinated for two consecutive seasons (multiple vaccine group) and those who had been vaccinated in the current season and not in the previous season (single vaccine group).ResultsOf 1467 articles identified, eight studies covering ten seasons were included in meta-analyses. Six studies assessed efficacy against MAI in children, yielding the risk ratios (RR) of 2.04 (95% CI 1.29–3.22) when circulating strains mismatched vaccine strains, and 0.64 (0.33–1.22) when circulating strains matched vaccine strains. When stratified by vaccine types, the reduced efficacy was significant for live-attenuated influenza vaccine only. Three studies investigated efficacy against ARI in children, with the RR of 0.96 (0.81–1.15). The results on adults and the elderly were scarce.ConclusionsInfluenza vaccine efficacy against mismatch strains was lower in repeatedly vaccinated children as compared with those vaccinated for the current season only. The scarcity of available studies may call for further randomized controlled trials on repeated influenza vaccination.     

On the bias of estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness from test–negative studies

Estimates of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines are commonly obtained from a test-negative design (TND) study, where cases and controls are patients seeking care for an acute respiratory illness who test positive and negative, respectively, for influenza infection. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates from TND studies are usually interpreted as vaccine effectiveness against medically-attended influenza (MAI). However, it is also important to estimate VE against any influenza illness (symptomatic influenza (SI)) as individuals with SI are still a public health burden even if they do not seek medical care. We present a numerical method to evaluate the bias of TND-based estimates of influenza VE with respect to MAI and SI. We consider two sources of bias: (a) confounding bias due to a (possibly unobserved) covariate that is associated with both vaccination and the probability of the outcome of interest and (b) bias resulting from the effect of vaccination on the probability of seeking care. Our results indicate that (a) VE estimates may suffer from substantial confounding bias when a confounder has a different effect on the probabilities of influenza and non-influenza ARI, and (b) when vaccination reduces the probability of seeking care against influenza ARI, then estimates of VE against MAI may be unbiased while estimates of VE against SI may be have a substantial positive bias.     

Mycobactericidal and tuberculocidal activity of Korsolex AF, an amine detergent/disinfectant product

The mycobactericidal and tuberculocidal activities of Korsolex AF against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare (MAI), Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium chelonae were determined using quantitative suspension and carrier tests. The effects of organic load and hard water were also considered. A clinical isolate of MAI was the most resistant of the four test organisms. A 2% solution had good mycobactericidal and tuberculocidal activities after 30 min of exposure. Although further evaluation using European standard tests is necessary, we conclude that Korsolex AF appears to be a promising product for the disinfection of hospital instruments contaminated with mycobacteria.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者夜间血压变化及影响因素研究

目的 观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）患者整夜血压波动特点，探讨引起血压波动的相关因素以及OSA对血压变化的影响。方法 选取2021年5月—2022年5月期间于四川大学华西第四医院睡眠中心行多导睡眠监测（PSG）的645例患者，分为正常组、轻度组、中度组和重度组。对四组进行PSG的同时，采用脉搏波传导时间法（PTT）对OSA患者夜间血压进行无创血压监测，分析四组的一般特征、PSG参数及血压指标，并进一步分析引起血压波动的影响因素及血压与OSA间的关联。结果 随OSA病情加重，SBP、DBP和夜间血压波动指数（NBPF）均呈上升趋势。经多元线性回归分析，SBP与最低血氧饱和度（LSpO2）呈负相关（P＜0.05）；DBP与氧减指数（ODI）呈正相关（P＜0.05）；NBPF与ODI、微觉醒指数（MAI）呈正相关（P＜0.05），与LSpO2和平均血氧饱和度（MSpO2）呈负相关（P＜0.05）。对OSA发生的影响因素采用二元logistic回归分析，NBPF是引起OSA发生的危险因素（P = 0.034, OR = 1.042, 95%CI:1.003～1.083）。 结论 随OSA严重程度增加，夜间血压值升高，ODI、MAI、LSpO2和MSpO2是引起夜间血压变化的重要因素，为OSA患者高血压预防和诊治提供理论依据。     

Outbreak of Rift Valley fever--Yemen, August-October 2000

On September 17, 2000, the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MAI) and Ministry of Health (MOH) of Yemen received reports about the occurrence of disease compatible with Rift Valley fever (RVF) in El Zuhrah district of Hodeidah governorate. Reports of animal disease included abortions and deaths in young animals. Surveillance efforts by MOH and MAI documented widespread disease among humans and animals in the area of Wadi Mawr in El Zuhrah district, which is located on a coastal plain that extends from the southern tip of Yemen into the Jizan area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health has described a simultaneous outbreak of RVF in the Jizan area in KSA (1,2). This report summarizes the investigation of the Yemen outbreak.