拉米夫定和水飞蓟素对酒精刺激的HBV转基因小鼠肝纤维化相关因子的影响

目的：观察在肝损伤早期,拉米夫定和水飞蓟素对酒精刺激的乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)转基 因小鼠肝组织保护作用,并通过检测肝纤维化相关因子探讨其机制。方法：将40只1.3拷贝HBV转基因BALB/C小鼠 随机分为4组。对照组以生理盐水灌胃;模型组以体积分数为50%的白酒5 mL/kg灌胃,1 次/d;拉米夫定组在模型组 处理基础上以拉米夫定溶液(100 mg/kg)灌胃,1 次/d;水飞蓟素组在模型组处理基础上以水飞蓟素溶液(200 mg/kg) 灌胃,1 次/d。10周后荧光定量PCR检测各组小鼠血清HBV-DNA载量,全自动生化仪检测血清ALT和AST水平。HE 染色,Masson染色镜检观察肝组织病理变化,荧光实时定量PCR检测肝组织TGF-β1,Smad3,Smad7,结缔组织生长 因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF) mRNA表达水平,免疫组织化学检测肝组织TGF-β1,CTGF,α-平滑肌肌 动蛋白(α-SMA)表达水平。结果：与对照组相比,模型组肝组织病理损伤加重,血清HBV病毒载量,ALT和AST水平 明显增高,肝组织内TGF-β1,Smad3,Smad7,CTGF mRNA及TGF-β1,CTGF,α-SMA蛋白表达增加(P<0.05)。与模 型组相比,拉米夫定组和水飞蓟素组肝组织病理损伤均减轻,肝组织内TGF-β1,Smad3,CTGF mRNA及TGF-β1, CTGF,α-SMA蛋白表达减少(P<0.05),Smad7 mRNA的表达进一步增加(P<0.05),水飞蓟素组血清ALT和AST水平降低 (P<0.05)。结论：拉米夫定和水飞蓟素可通过调节TGF-β1/Smads信号通路,减少CTGF表达,抑制肝星状细胞活化等 机制阻断酒精刺激的HBV转基因小鼠肝组织纤维化的发生和进展。     

橘皮素通过抑制Notch信号通路干预小鼠肝纤维化进程

目的 探讨橘皮素对胆汁淤积性肝纤维化小鼠模型的治疗机制。方法 将45只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为假手术组（n=10）、胆总管结扎手术（biliary duct ligation, BDL）模型组（n=15）、橘皮素治疗组（n=10）及单纯橘皮素用药组（n=10）。药物治疗组中,BDL手术10d后开始橘皮素灌胃,模型建立30d后采血处死各组小鼠并留取肝组织。通过H-E染色、Masson及天狼星红染色分析各组小鼠肝组织纤维化程度;采用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）检测各组小鼠血清肝功能指标丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及纤维化指标透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)水平;通过蛋白质印迹、荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)、免疫组织化学方法检测各组小鼠肝组织中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量及Notch通路各组分表达量变化;通过免疫组化法检测肝纤维经典通路TGF-β1/smads通路各组分表达量变化。结果 造模30d后,与BDL模型组相比,橘皮素治疗组小鼠肝纤维化假小叶减少,纤维化病理评分值低（P<0.05）;胶原纤维沉积减少（P<0.05）,Ⅰ型胶原纤维总量减少（P<0.05）;小鼠肝功能指标ALT、AST明显降低（P<0.05）,纤维化指标HA、LN降低（P<0.05）;Hyp含量降低（P<0.05）,Notch信号通路组分Notch1、RBPJ、Hes1、Hey1蛋白及RNA表达量均下调（均P<0.05）;肝纤维化TGF-β1/smads经典通路组分TGF-β1、smad2及smad3表达量下调（均P<0.05）。结论 橘皮素作为Notch信号通路抑制剂可通过与TGF-β1/smads通路相互作用延缓肝纤维化进程。     

水飞蓟宾对硫代乙酰胺诱导的肝纤维化大鼠TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路的调节作用

目的 探讨水飞蓟宾对硫代乙酰胺(TAA)诱导的肝纤维化大鼠肝组织的保护作用及对TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路的调节作用。方法45只大鼠按照随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组及水飞蓟宾组,每组15只。除对照组外,其余大鼠使用硫代乙酰胺建立肝纤维化大鼠模型,水飞蓟宾组大鼠按照756 mg/kg的剂量给予水飞蓟宾灌胃,对照组及模型组大鼠给予等量生理盐水灌胃,1次/d,给药6周。全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)及Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(ColⅣ)水平,苏木精 伊红（HE）染色法检测各组大鼠肝组织病理学变化,免疫印迹(Western blot)检测大鼠肝组织TGF-β1、Smad3水平。结果 与对照组比较,模型组肝纤维化大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、GGT、HA、LN、PCⅢ、ColⅣ水平及肝组织TGF-β1、Smad3水平显著升高(均P＜0.05),肝组织发生明显病理学变化;与模型组比较,水飞蓟宾组大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、GGT、HA、LN、PCⅢ、ColⅣ水平及肝组织TGF-β1、Smad3水平显著降低(P＜0.05),肝组织病理学明显改善。结论 水飞蓟宾能够明显改善硫代乙酰胺诱导的肝纤维化大鼠肝功能,抑制肝纤维化因子水平,改善大鼠肝组织病理学进展,其机制可能与调节TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路有关。     

白介素-37抗四氯化碳诱导的小鼠肝脏炎症及机制研究

目的观察IL-37对CCL4诱导的小鼠肝脏的影响及机制。方法昆明雄性小鼠60只随机将其均分为6组,即正常对照组,模型组,空质粒A组,空质粒B组,预防组A组,治疗组B组。每组按照处死时间点（8周,12周）随机分成2小组。检测小鼠肝脏组织中的ALT及AST活力,IL-1,IL-6,TNF-α、TGF-β1表达水平。结果肝脏坏死炎症活动评分8周及12周预防组A组与模型组相比降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0. 05）。12周治疗组B组与模型组相比降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0. 05）。8周时预防组A组与模型组相比AST活力减低,差异有统计学意义（P<0. 05）;治疗组B组12周时ALT、AST活力比8周时明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0. 05）。肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、TGF-β1在8周时预防组A组与模型组相比明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0. 05）; 12周时,预防组A组及治疗组B组较模型组明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0. 05）。治疗组B组肝组织IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、TGF-β1水平在12周较8周显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0. 05）。结论 IL-37能通过降低CCL4诱导的小鼠肝脏IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、TGF-β1细胞因子的表达,从而对其肝脏炎症具有保护作用及潜在的抗肝纤维化作用。     

RNA干扰治疗肝纤维化的实验研究

目的观察转化生长因子(TGF-β1)小干扰RNA(siRNA)对小鼠免疫性肝纤维化的阻断作用。方法设计3条针对TGF-β1不同靶位的短发夹RNA(shRNA),以及1条无关对照序列(HK),克隆至pGenesil-1质粒中,构建重组真核表达载体pGenesil-TGF-β1-m1、pGenesil-TGF-β1-m2、pGenesil-TGF-β1-m3和pGenesil-HK。30只雄性昆明小白鼠随机分为6组:正常组、模型组、无关序列对照组(pGenesil-HK)、序列1治疗组(pGenesil-TGF-β1-m1)、序列2治疗组(pGenesil-TGF-β1-m2)、序列3治疗组(pGenesil-TGF-β1-m3)。采用尾静脉注射刀豆蛋白A(Con A)制备免疫性肝纤维化动物模型。3个序列治疗组、无关序列对照组分别于第2、4、6周,在Con A注射后24 h内,尾静脉高压注射pGenesil-TGF-β1-m1、pGenesil-TGF-β1-m2、pGenesil-TGF-β1-m3和pGenesil-HK。第7周处死全部小鼠。常规生化方法测定肝组织羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量;应用半定量RT-PCR技术检测肝组织内TGF-β1、Smad3、Smad7、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)mRNA的表达。结果治疗组小鼠HYP较模型组明显降低(P<0.01);RT-PCR显示治疗组肝脏内TGF-β1、Smad3及α-SMA mRNA表达较模型组明显降低(P<0.01),而Smad7 mRNA表达增强(P<0.01)。在3个治疗组中,pGenesil-TGF-β1-m1治疗组的疗效最佳。结论 TGF-β1 siRNA能有效抑制小鼠免疫性肝纤维化的发生,其机制可能是抑制肝内TGF-β1、Smad3及α-SMA表达,并促进Smad7表达,从而下调HSC的激活信号,减少胶原合成。     

氯沙坦抗鼠肝纤维化的实验研究

目的 探讨CCL4诱导的肝纤维化模型鼠肝组织Smad2/3,Smad7,TIMP-1,TGF-β1的表达及氯沙坦干预后对其表达的影响.方法 Wistar大鼠40只,随机分成正常对照组、模型组、氯沙坦预防组和治疗组,采用CCL4皮下注射构建肝纤维化模型.行HE和VG染色,判断肝组织炎症和纤维化的程度.免疫组化方法检测各组Smad2,3 Smad7和TIMP-1,TGF-β1的表达.结果 氯沙坦预防组和治疗组的肝组织炎症和纤维化程度明显低于模型组;Smad2,3 TIMP-1 TGF-β1在氯沙坦预防组和治疗组的阳性表达均低于模型组(分别为Smad2,31.69±0.42,1.90±0.59,2.51±0.39; TIMP-11.09±0 28,1.32±0.23,2.60±0.35;TGF-β11.65±0.31,2.04±0.42,2.72±0.36),P＜0.05;Smad7在氯沙坦预防组和治疗组的阳性表达高于模型组(分别为2.50±0.35,2.21±0.59,0.47±0.26),P＜0.05.Smad2,3 Smad7 TIMP-1和TGF-β1在氯沙坦预防组和治疗组的表达差异无显著性,P＞0.05.结论 氯沙坦抗肝纤维化作用可能与抑制TGF-β1,TIMP-1,Smad2,3和促进Smad7的表达有关.     

血清转化生长因子β对大鼠肝纤维化影响的研究

目的观察转化生长因子β(TGF-β)对肝纤维化模型SD大鼠肝功能的影响。方法将60只SD大鼠随机平均分为3组:正常对照组不做任何处理;生理盐水对照组腹腔注射生理盐水;肝纤维化模型组腹腔注射10%四氯化碳(CCl4)建立肝纤维化模型。造模6周后采集血清全自动生化仪测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)含量,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法检测TGF-β的含量,实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝纤维化相关基因血小板衍生生长因子BB(PDGF-BB)和结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达情况。结果生理盐水对照组ALT、AST和TGF-β含量与正常对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);肝纤维化模型大鼠血清ALT、AST较正常对照组及生理盐水对照组大鼠明显增高(P<0.01),TGF-β的含量明显增高(P<0.05),肝纤维化模型组肝纤维化相关基因PDGF-BB、CTGF表达明显,而生理盐水组与对照组均无表达。结论血清中TGF-β与大鼠肝纤维化密切相关,在大鼠肝纤维化模型中明显增高,同时肝纤维化组织中PDGF-BB、CTGF表达也增高。     

加味茵芍散对肝纤维化家兔TGF-β/Smad信号通路的影响

[目的]从加味茵芍散对TGF-β/Smad信号通路影响的角度探讨该方对肝纤维化病变的作用。[方法]按0.1 ml/kg的用量腹腔注射CCl4诱导复制家兔肝纤维化模型,50只家兔随机分成模型对照组,秋水仙碱组,加味茵芍散高、中、低剂量组5组,每组10只,通过肝脏病理取材确定肝纤维化病变,同时采用实时定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应法检测TGF-β1mRNA、Smad3mRNA、Smad7mRNA等指标。[结果]与模型组相比,秋水仙碱组和加味茵芍散高、中、低剂量组家兔肝组织TGF-β1mRNA表达明显减弱,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);加味茵芍散各剂量组、秋水仙碱组与模型组相比家兔肝组织Smad3mRNA的表达量显著性降低(P<0.05);加味茵芍散各剂量组、秋水仙碱组与模型组相比,Smad7mRNA的表达量显著升高(P<0.05)。[结论]加味茵芍散能减轻肝细胞变性,减少胶原的合成与分泌,减轻纤维组织增生,可以下调TGF-β1mRNA、Smad3mRNA的表达,提高Smad7 mRNA的表达。该方对CCl4诱导家兔肝纤维化模型具有一定保护作用,可以延缓肝纤维化的进展,其作用机制可能与调节TGF-β/Smad信号通路有关。     

水飞蓟素对大鼠肝纤维化转化生长因子β1及结缔组织生长因子表达的影响

目的 观察水飞蓟素在胆总管结扎诱导的大鼠肝纤维化模型的治疗效果及其作用机制.方法 60只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术对照组、纤维化模型组及水飞蓟素治疗组.采用胆总管结扎法造模.4周后处死全部大鼠,采用放射免疫法(RIA)检测大鼠血清中透明质酸(HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)及Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)的水平;HE染色和Masson染色观察大鼠肝组织病理改变;免疫组织化学检测结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)在肝组织内的表达.结果 与模型组大鼠比较,水飞蓟素治疗后大鼠血清中HA、LN和PCⅢ的水平显著降低;肝组织内纤维化程度降低,肝小叶结构趋于正常;治疗后大鼠肝组织CTGF及TGF-β1表达明显降低(P<0.01),免疫反应阳性信号主要位于纤维间隔细胞的胞浆中.结论 水飞蓟素能有效地减轻胆总管结扎诱导的肝纤维化大鼠的肝损伤及纤维化程度,其机制可能与抑制肝内CTGF和TGF-β1表达有关.     

不同剂量虫草对肝纤维化小鼠肝脏TGF-β1、Smad3的影响

目的明确不同剂量冬虫夏草对四氯化碳小鼠肝纤维化的作用及对TGF-β1mRNA、Smad3蛋白表达的影响。方法四氯化碳(CCl4)皮下注射复制BALB/c小鼠肝纤维化模型,虫草组在造模同时予以不同剂量虫草煎剂,直至造模结束。HE染色观察肝组织炎症,天狼猩红染色观察肝脏胶原沉积,生化法测定肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量,免疫组化测定Smad3在肝脏内的表达,RT-PCR测定TGF-β1mRNA在肝脏内的表达。结果与正常小鼠比较,肝纤维化小鼠肝脏肝静脉与汇管区周围肝细胞明显脂肪变性,肝脏胶原沉积,可见纤维间隔形成,肝脏Hyp含量、TGF-β1mRNA、Smad3蛋白表达量均显著增加。与模型组比较,虫草组肝脏炎症与胶原沉积减轻,TGF-β1mRNA、Smad3蛋白表达量明显降低,以虫草高剂量组为明显。结论肝纤维化BALB/c小鼠的肝脏TGF-β1mRNA、Smad3蛋白表达明显上升,虫草制剂有良好的抗肝纤维化作用,高剂量虫草有着更好的抗肝纤维化作用,其作用机制与下调Smad3蛋白及TGF-β1mRNA表达有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.