Off-pump bypass grafting in patients with significant left main coronary artery stenosis

The aim of this study was to investigate and determine whether patients with significant (%50) left main coronary artery stenosis could undergo coronary bypass on the beating heart and compare the results to those obtained using the conventional method. Prospectively collected data of patients with significant left main coronary artery disease who had undergone coronary bypass on the beating heart (group A, n = 100) or with the conventional method (group B, n = 100) were evaluated retrospectively. EuroSCORE values, preoperative and operative details, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and early results were compared. Groups were similar in terms of EuroSCORE, demographics, and preoperative variables. Number of distal anastomoses per patient was 3.1 ± 0.9 in the beating heart group while it was 3.3 ± 0.9 in the conventional group (P = 0.09). Patients operated on with the conventional method had higher levels of peak creatine kinase-myocardial band, blood and blood product transfusions, and inotropic requirements, while mechanical ventilation times and hospital stay were longer. The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation, mediastinitis, and intra-aortic balloon usage were comparable between the groups. There was no neurological complication in group A whereas five major neurological complications (three transient ischemic attacks, two strokes) occurred in group B (P = 0.06). Thirty-day mortality occurred in one patient in the beating heart group whereas five early deaths were observed in the conventional group (P = 0.21). In significant left main coronary artery stenosis coronary bypass on the beating heart is a safe and effective alternative to the conventional method with the same or better early results. The long-term results need to be evaluated.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在左主干重度狭窄患者中的应用

目的总结左主干重度狭窄冠心病患者行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）的治疗效果和临床经验。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2012年6月,83例左主干狭窄〉70％的患者接受了非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术,其中27例急诊手术,三支病变62例,两支病变21例,术中改为体外循环5例;使用主动脉内球囊反搏7例。结果远端吻合口平均（3．34±0．83）个,死亡2例（2．4％）。随访2个月至2年,仅1例心绞痛复发,余者均未出现心绞痛症状。手术效果及手术并发症的发生与非左主干病变组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论左主干重度狭窄行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术临床效果良好。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术在左心室功能低下患者中的应用

目的:分析左心室功能低下(EF<40%)冠心病患者,接受非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术(OPCAB)的疗效,改进左心室功能低下冠心病患者的治疗策略。方法:回顾性分析2006年以来我院手术组对37例左心室功能低下的冠心病患者,行OPCAB后手术前后疗效的对比。结果:2例患者死亡,1例死于术后肺部感染,1例死于术后低心排出量综合征(低心排),病死率5%。21例患者使用主动脉内球囊反搏器(IABP),其中7例在术前放置,14例在术中或术后放置。35例患者术后左心室射血分数(EF值)较术前有明显改善(P<0.05);左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末径均较术前下降(P<0.05)。结论:对于左心室功能低下的冠心病患者,OPCAB是一种有效的治疗方法。及时使用主动脉球囊反搏,以及合理应用正性肌力药物对于降低患者病死率,减少患者住院时间具有重要意义。     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in left ventricular dysfunction

Between August 2004 and May 2006, 124 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with ejection fractions 相似文献   

冠心病伴重度心功能不全患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术22例临床分析

目的:分析心功能不全冠心病患者行非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥(OPCABG)的临床资料,总结围术期规律,提出治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2012年6月,同一术式手术的22例射血分数(EF)<30%的冠心病患者行OPCABG的资料(组1)。同时随机选择同数目的 EF在30%～40%(组2),>40%(组3)的患者的资料作对比。结果:所有患者均痊愈出院。组1与组3比较,在院术前调整天数,室壁瘤手术例数,IABP使用例数及时间,ICU停留时间,使用强心药种类,术后住院天数和住院费用,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组2、组3术后住院天数,住院费用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:心功能不全患者行OPCABG风险大,手术费用高,所占医疗资源多,应慎重选择病例。此类患者通过合理方式的再血管化,积极的围术期处理,亦可得到良好的治疗效果。     

冠状动脉左主干病变的治疗策略

冠状动脉(冠脉)左主干病变首选冠脉搭桥手术(CABG),尽可能选择不停跳CABG。急诊CABG风险较高,手术适应证①严重的左主干病变(>75%),尤其"无保护"左主干病变;②左主干病变>50%,并(或)有3支病变,出现严重的危及生命的室性心律失常;③左主干病变伴有急性冠脉综合征。     

非体外循环下多支冠状动脉病变的旁路移植术

目的：探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术技巧和术中处理方法。方法：连续57例患接受非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术。术中予以适量扩容、小剂量α受体兴奋剂以维持血流动力学平稳，采用心脏稳定器控制局部心肌运动幅度，阻断冠状动脉或在置入血管塞控制冠状动脉出血情况下进行血管吻合。全组吻合前降支57例，对角支21例，右冠状动脉27例，钝缘支42例，后降支20例。结果：术后1例死于并发感染和急性肾功能衰竭，余患痊愈出院。随访所有患心绞痛症状均消失，冠状动脉造影示桥路和吻合口通畅。结论：选择合适的病例进行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术可获得满意的临床效果。术中血流动力学稳定极为重要。弹力线阻断靶血管近远端或腔内置入血管塞法均能有效地控制切开的冠状动脉出血。冠状动脉吻合的顺序应是先行前降支和右冠系统的吻合。     

冠状动脉主干重度狭窄搭桥术麻醉处理486例总结

目的:探讨冠心病冠状动脉主干重度狭窄患者,行搭桥术临床特点及围术期治疗措施。方法:我们对2001年1月至2010年10月,486例冠状动脉主干重度狭窄行搭桥术患者的麻醉及围术期治疗进行回顾性分析。结果:442例行非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCABG)。28例在体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)。16例患者在OPCABG过程中,由于发生严重心肌缺血、心动过速及低血压,改为体外循环下完成手术。113例放置主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP),包括术前、麻醉前放置8例,麻醉后及术中放置78例,术后放置27例。死亡9例,发生在术后72 h内。结论:冠心病冠状动脉主干重度狭窄患者,围术期需要维持心率、血压平稳、合理的血管扩张药和正性肌力药物选用,IABP的积极使用,完备的体外循环和急救药的准备,防治患者围术期冠状动脉痉挛和心肌梗死。     

低射血分数患者非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术的应用

目的总结分析30例心脏超声检查射血分数〈30％的冠心病患者进行非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术（OPCAB）的临床效果。方法2003年1月至2010年1月进行选择性OPCAB手术30例,全部经心脏超声检查测定射血分数为25-30（25．3±6．1）％。有心梗史23例,急性心肌梗死后1个月内6例,不稳定型心绞痛19例;心功能Ⅱ级7例、Ⅲ级18例、Ⅳ级5例。冠状动脉造影提示双支病变3例、三支病变21例、左主干6例。结果全部病例均完成OPCAB手术,平均远端吻合口（3．6±0．7）个,使用主动脉内球囊反搏3例。无死亡病例。有3例术后出现急性左心衰、低心排综合征,安放主动脉内球囊反搏后保守治疗好转。2例患者术后出现室颤,均复苏成功。结论低射血分数患者实施OPCAB手术有良好的可行性。     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in India

Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) is the latest innovation in cardiac surgery. However OPCAB is not adopted universally. Even there have been suggestions of abandoning OPCAB in a special report. In India, OPCAB has been successfully adopted across the board. There are various evidences which favor OPCAB and are discussed in this review. The purpose of this review is to put forward the perspective of the OPCAB surgeons of our country and critically look at the suggestion of abandoning OPCAB.     

无保护左主干病变合并急性冠状动脉综合征介入与手术治疗对比研究

目的:探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)合并无保护左主干病变患者经桡动脉介入治疗(TRI)与冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)二者的疗效。方法:连续入选2008年3月至2010年12月,于北京安贞医院行经桡动脉介入治疗(n=236)或冠状动脉旁路移植术(n=354)的无保护左主干病变合并ACS患者。对于患者的临床基线特征及冠状动脉病变特征纳入倾向性评分模型进行匹配,得到154对患者。结果:平均随访时间27个月。经过倾向性评分模型进行校正,两组患者的基线资料及病变特征无显著差异。结果显示TRI与CABG两组全因病死率(4.5%vs.6.5%;P=0.454)及心肌梗死发生率(5.2%vs.7.8%;P=0.355)并差异无统计学意义。CABG组患者脑卒中发生率显著增加(零vs.2.6%;P=0.044),而TRI组靶血管重建率(TVR)显著增加(13.0%vs.5.2%;P=0.017)。两组患者复合终点(死亡/心肌梗死/靶血管重建),差异无统计学意义(7.1%vs.12.3%;P=0.124)。结论:对于ACS合并无保护左主干病变患者TRI与CABG的临床复合终点事件风险相似,然而尽管应用药物洗脱支架CABG组患者靶血管重建率仍显著低于介入治疗组。     

Off-pump coronary revascularization for left main coronary artery stenosis

Experience of on- and off-pump coronary artery bypass in 379 patients with significant left main coronary artery stenosis was retrospectively reviewed. Beating-heart operations were performed on 219 patients between January 2001 and October 2007. Their results were compared with 160 who underwent revascularization under cardiopulmonary bypass during the same period. All patients had multivessel grafting via a median sternotomy. Both groups were comparable demographically. Off-pump patients received significantly fewer grafts per patient (3.21 +/- 0.86 vs 3.74 +/- 0.82). The use of moderate or high doses of inotropics (> 5 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) was more frequent in the on-pump group (44% vs 26%). Postoperative blood transfusion requirement was lower in off-pump patients, and fewer of them experienced worsening of preexisting renal insufficiency. There were 2 operative deaths in the on-pump group and 1 in the off-pump group. The off-pump procedure is safe and effective in patients with left main coronary artery disease.     

Emergency off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for acute left main coronary artery dissection.

We report the case of a 55-year-old woman with multiple comorbid conditions in whom acute left main coronary artery dissection occurred during attempted percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. After the dissection, the patient underwent emergency off-pump coronary revascularization of the left anterior descending coronary artery and ramus intermedius with use of the left internal thoracic artery and a saphenous vein graft, respectively The procedure was successful. The risks and benefits of avoiding the extracorporeal circuit in this case of catheterization laboratory salvage are discussed herein, along with some of the concerns about anesthesia that contributed to our decision to perform the operation off-pump.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in left main coronary artery disease: A review

The left main coronary artery is responsible for most of the irrigation of the left ventricle. Left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) therefore leads to important morbidity and mortality. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is considered the standard treatment, however, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become a frequent alternative in the treatment of LMCAD. In the current review, four randomized clinical trials comparing PCI with CABG in patients with LMCAD, including new longer follow-up results, are reviewed. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rates were similar between the two intervention groups in both the SYNTAX and PRECOMBAT trials, and favored the CABG group in the EXCEL and NOBLE trials. The composite of death, stroke and myocardial infarction was similar in all trials. Mortality rates were similar across all trials except for the EXCEL trial at five years, which favored CABG. Cardiac mortality was similar in all trials. Stroke rates were similar, apart from the SYNTAX trial, which favored PCI. CABG was more favorable concerning myocardial infarction in the NOBLE trial, but not in the other trials. Repeat revascularization was generally less frequent in the CABG group. Stent thrombosis and graft occlusion were less frequent with PCI in the EXCEL trial, with no differences in the other trials. Based on the overall similarity in the primary endpoint rates, as well as favorable short-term outcomes, it is plausible to state that PCI can be considered a good alternative to CABG, although the higher risk of repeat revascularization should be taken into consideration.     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery may reduce the incidence of stroke in patients with significant left main stem disease

BACKGROUND: Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery in patients with left main stem (LMS) disease remains controversial. This meta-analysis compares early outcomes of OPCAB surgery with on-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB) surgery in patients with significant LMS disease, focusing on the outcomes stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). METHODS: This is a meta-analysis of non-randomized comparative peer-reviewed publications sourced from a systematic search of Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Google Scholar and CINAHL (1965-2007). A random effects model was used and heterogeneity was assessed. RESULTS: Nine studies (4411 patients) dating from 2000-2007, of whom 1036 (23.5 %) underwent OPCAB and 3375 (76.5 %) ONCAB, were included. The incidence of stroke was lower in the OPCAB group (OR 0.17 [95 % CI 0.05 to 0.60]). Early mortality, length of hospital stay, blood loss and inotropic requirements were significantly favored by OPCAB surgery. CONCLUSIONS: OPCAB may offer a neurological benefit in patients with significant LMS disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.     

Stenting of unprotected left main coronary artery in patients with low preoperative risk of coronary artery bypass grafting

INTRODUCTION: Available data indicate that stenting of the left main coronary artery (LMN) is safe and effective. Restenosis remains the main factor limiting the effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). AIM: To evaluate immediate and long-term results of treatment of patients with LMN disease and low preoperative risk of coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Coronary stents were implanted into LMN in 64 patients. The following strategy was applied: drug eluting stent (DES) for LMN diameter < or =3.5 mm (28 subjects) and bare metal stent (BMS) for LMN diameter >3.5 mm (36 subjects). Patients enrolled in the study underwent clinical evaluation and coronary angiography. Immediate effect of the procedure and main adverse cardiac events were assessed: death, myocardial infarction and additional target lesion or non-target lesion revascularization. RESULTS: Angiographic and clinical effectiveness of the interventions was 100%. Full revascularisation of ischaemic regions of the myocardium was performed. Mean clinical follow-up period was 9.4+/-4.0 months. Neither death nor myocardial infarction occurred. Additional PCIs were performed in 11 (17.2%) patients; however, target vessel revascularisation (TVR) rate within LMN was 9.4% (i.e. 6 subjects with BMS), and non-TVR rate was 7.8% (5 subjects). CONCLUSIONS: LMN stenting is associated with high effectiveness of PCI in patients with low operative risk. Long-term follow-up revealed low incidence of major adverse cardiac events. Strategy of selective use of DESs in the study group produced good clinical outcome. Multivessel disease with LMN stenosis was associated with high rate of additional revascularisation of other vessels. Further improvement of treatment results may be obtained by more common use of DES for multivessel disease and LMN diameters larger than 4.0 mm.