合并同侧股骨干骨折的股骨颈骨折

探讨合并同侧股骨干骨折的股骨颈骨折的临床特点,诊断和治疗。方法：回顾分析近１０年来收治４６２例股骨干骨折中,６例合并同侧股骨颈骨折。结果：随访１－４．５年,平均３．２年。股骨干骨折均愈合,股骨颈骨折５例愈合。其中牵引１例延迟愈合,更用加压螺纹钉加骨瓣植入术后愈合。     

股骨近端髓内钉治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折

目的通过回顾性分析股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的手术效果,评价PFN的临床疗效。方法2003年1月~2004年12月对42例高龄股骨转子间骨折患者应用PFN治疗,对其骨折类型、合并症及临床疗效进行分析比较。结果随访3~15个月,骨折平均愈合时间为3·2个月,骨折全部愈合。髋关节功能优良39例,占92·86%。结论PFN治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折具有创伤小、固定牢靠、手术时间短的优点,是治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的良好选择,适用于各种类型的股骨转子间骨折。     

A Mechanical Analysis of Femoral Resurfacing Implantation for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Hip resurfacing is becoming a popular procedure for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, the biomechanical changes that occur after femoral resurfacing have not been fully investigated with respect to the individual extent of the necrosis. In this study, we evaluated biomechanical changes at various extents of necrosis and implant alignments using the finite element analysis method. We established 3 patterns of necrosis by depth from the surface of femoral head and 5 stem angles. For these models, we evaluated biomechanical changes associated with the extent of necrosis and the stem alignment. Our results indicate that stress distribution near the bone-cement interface increased with expansion of the necrosis. The maximum stress on the prosthesis was decreased with stem angles ranging from 130° to140°. The peak stress of cement increased as the stem angle became varus. This study indicates that resurfacing arthroplasty will have adverse biomechanical effects when there is a large extent of osteonecrosis and excessive varus or valgus implantation of the prosthesis.     

股骨近端髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的对应用股骨近端髓内钉（proximal femoral nails，PFN）内固定治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效进行分析。方法对我院自2002年3月至2005年2月收治的78例老年性股骨粗隆间骨折，均采用闭合牵引复位，PFN内固定治疗的疗效进行分析。结果78例经5～24个月随访，平均12个月，所有患者全部获得骨性愈合，股骨颈螺钉退出1例，根据股骨粗隆间骨折疗效判定标准，优良率达93．6％。结论PFN内固定治疗老年性股骨粗隆间骨折是一种手术创伤小、操作简单、固定可靠、疗效满意的治疗方法。     

Long-Term Durability of the CLS Femoral Prosthesis in Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Ninety-five hips with cementless wedge-shaped tapered CLS stem were evaluated with a mean duration of 12.7 years (range, 10.7–17.3 years). All patients were young and diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The Harris hip score was 92 at the latest follow-up. A subsidence greater than 3 mm was found in 3 hips (3.2%). Focal femoral osteolysis was found in 12 hips (12.6%). Endosteal bone formation and bony pedestal were observed in 94 hips (98.9%) and in 26 hips (27.4%), respectively. With revision for stem loosening as the end point, the survivorship showed 98.9% (95% CI, range 96.9%–100%) at 13 years. Stem alignment and proximal femur morphology did not influence loosening of the stem (p > 0.05).     

股骨重建型交锁髓内钉闭合固定股骨粗隆下骨折

报告股骨重建型交锁髓内钉在股骨粗隆下骨折的疗效。29例创伤性骨折,按Seinsheimers分类:Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型17例,Ⅴ型4例。采用透视下Russell-Taylor股骨重建型交锁髓内钉闭合固定。结果29例获得随访,时间9～23个月,平均14个月。术中不需输血,术后无需外固定,未出现感染、交锁钉断裂等并发症。可早期功能锻炼及不负重下地。1例患肢术后长2.5cm,2例髋关节轻度不适,其余无特殊,疗效优异。认为股骨重建型交锁髓内钉采用冷锻制造,壁加厚,提高了其抗剪力、抗弯及抗疲劳能力。对粗隆部及粗隆下粉碎骨折,股骨重建型交锁髓内钉闭合固定最为合适,创伤小、并发症少,骨折愈合快,功能恢复满意,特别是重建股骨型交锁钉较一般交锁钉有利于避免交锁钉的断裂。     

Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture during Trochanteric Nailing for the Treatment of Femoral Shaft Fracture

We report on three cases of subtrochanteric femoral fractures during trochanteric intramedullary nailing for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures. Trochanteric intramedullary nails, which have a proximal lateral bend, are specifically designed for trochanteric insertion. When combined with the modified insertion technique, trochanteric intramedullary nails reduce iatrogenic fracture comminution and varus malalignment. We herein describe technical aspects of trochanteric intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures to improve its application and prevent implant-derived complications.     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的评价股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的方法和初步疗效。方法2006年1月至2007年10月,共对63例老年病人（男26例,女37例,平均76.3岁）采用闭合手法牵引复位,股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折,骨折采用Evans-Jensen分型,术后定期随访,根据Harris评分系统进行归档。结果63例老年病人,59例病人获得了6～29个月（平均12.6个月）的随访,手术时间35～80 min,平均54 min。术中出血量为100～300mL,平均140 mL。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间10～17周（平均13.2周）。按Harris评分进行评价,优28例,良23例,可6例,差2例,优良率86.4%。结论股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折,手术创伤小,并发症少,更加符合人体生物力学特征,是一种治疗老年股骨转子间骨折非常有效的方法。     

机器人导航下股骨颈动力交叉钉系统治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨机器人导航下股骨颈动力交叉钉系统（femoral neck system,FNS）治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2019年11月至2021年8月我院采用FNS治疗股骨颈骨折的57例病人的临床资料,其中27例行机器人导航下FNS治疗（机器人组）,30例采用常规人工FNS治疗（人工组）,比较两组病人的手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、术后髋关节Harris评分、骨折愈合时间及术后并发症发生率等指标。结果 机器人组的手术时间为（81.0±9.2） min,少于人工组（86.7±12.0） min,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人组的术中出血量和透视次数分别为（25.5±7.5） mL、（16.4±2.8）次,均少于人工组的（37.3±11.3） mL、（20.1±3.0）次,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。机器人组一次性置钉成功率为100%,人工组为56.7%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=15.157,P＜0.001）。两组术后并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间及术后髋关节Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 机器人导航下FNS手术治疗股骨颈骨折是一种精准、微创、安全有效的方法。     

应用股骨近端髓内钉治疗股骨转子周围骨折

目的 评价股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)治疗股骨转子周围骨折的临床疗效.方法 对96例股骨转子周围骨折的治疗作回顾性总结分析.所有病例均通过闭合复位完成手术,年龄40～91岁,平均66.5岁.骨折按AO分型,31-A1型31例、31-A2型42例、31-A3型23例.结果 本组病例手术时间为35～90 min,平均为50 min;术中失血量为50～200 ml,平均为80ml,术中术后均未输血.本组病例均进行了6～24个月的随访,平均8.5个月.本组病例骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间3.5个月,无髋内翻及头钉切割发生,无死亡病例.结论 对于股骨转子周围骨折,特别是不稳定型转子周围骨折,PFN具有微创操作,固定坚强,术后并发症少,系此类骨折内固定物的首选.     

股骨近端抗旋髓内钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨应用股骨近端抗旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail anti-rotation，PFNA）治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法应用PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折22例。结果经3～12个月随访，平均9个月．骨折全部获得愈合。根据Harris髋关节评分，优14例，良7例，差1例．优良率95．5％。结论PFNA治疗股骨粗降间骨折具有创伤小、固定牢靠、防旋转、防切割等优点，是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折理想的内固定物，值得推广。     

The Significance of Evaluating the Femoral Head Blood Supply after Femoral Neck Fracture: A New Classification for Femoral Neck Fractures

ObjectiveTo compare a new classification with the Garden classification by exploring their relationships with vascular injury.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 73 patients with subcapital femoral neck fracture from July 2015 to November 2018, including 32 males and 41 females with an average age of 47.2 years. All patients were classified by the Garden classification using anteroposterior X‐ray imaging and by a new classification system based on three‐dimensional CT imaging. The blood supply of the affected femoral head in these patients was evaluated based on DSA images. Correlations between the two classifications and the degree of vascular injury were assessed.ResultsThe results of the DSA examination indicated that eight patients had no retinacular vessel injury, 20 patients had one retinacular vessel injury, 35 patients had two retinacular vessel injuries, and 10 patients had three retinacular vessel injuries. The degree of vascular injury was used to match the two fracture classifications. Forty‐nine Garden classifications (Type I‐IV: 8, 12, 23, 6, respectively, 67.12%) and 66 new classifications (Type I‐IV: 8, 20, 32, 6, respectively, 90.41%) corresponded to the degree of vascular injury (p < 0.05). The Garden classification showed moderate reliability, and the new classification showed near perfect agreement (Interobserver agreement of k = 0.564 [0.01] in Garden classification vs. Garden classification k = 0.902 [0.01] for the five observers).ConclusionsThe new classification system can accurately describe the degree of fracture displacement and judge the extent of vascular injury.     

Femoral Revision with an Extensively Hydroxyapatite-Coated Femoral Component

Between December 1996 and April 2003, 26 consecutive femoral component revisions in 24 patients were performed with an extensively hydroxyapatite-coated femoral stem. Two patients were lost to follow-up, and two patients died of unrelated causes. Of the 22 femoral revisions in 20 patients, there was a 0% incidence of mechanical loosening at average follow-up of 3.2 years (2–6.3 years). The Harris Hip Score improved from 59 (36 to 83) to 95 (84 to 100) postoperatively (p < 0.001). Rate of revision was 18.2% (4.5% for sepsis, 9.1% for instability, and 4.5% for polyethelene wear). All 22 femoral components had evidence of bone ingrowth. The extensively coated hydroxyapatite stem in this series produced excellent clinical results with a low incidence of thigh pain (4.5%) and severe stress shielding (4.5%).     

Rotational Position of Femoral and Tibial Components in TKA Using the Femoral Transepicondylar Axis

Proper femoral and tibial component rotational positioning in TKA is critical for outcomes. Several rotational landmarks are frequently used with different advantages and limitations. We wondered whether coronal axes in the tibia and femur based on the transepicondylar axis in the femur would correlate with anteroposterior deformity. We obtained computed tomography scans of 100 patients with arthritis before they underwent TKA. We measured the posterior condylar angle on the femoral side and the angle between Akagi’s line and perpendicular to the projection of the femoral transepicondylar axis on the tibial side. On the femoral side, we found a linear relationship between the posterior condylar angle and coronal deformity with valgus knees having a larger angle than varus knees, ie, gradual external rotation increased with increased coronal deformity from varus to valgus. On the tibial side, the angle between Akagi’s line and the perpendicular line to the femoral transepicondylar axis was on average approximately 0°, but we observed substantial interindividual variability without any relationship to gender or deformity. A preoperative computed tomography scan was a useful, simple, and relatively inexpensive tool to identify relevant anatomy and to adjust rotational positioning. We do not, however, recommend routine use because on the femoral side, we found a relationship between rotational landmarks and coronal deformity. Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. Each author certifies that his or her institution has approved the human protocol for this investigation and that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research.