体外血浆脂类过滤治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的探讨应用体外血浆脂类过滤Delipid Plus(DELP)系统治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法36例急性脑梗死患者随机分为DELP组(12例)和对照组(24例),两组均予阿司匹林、普伐他汀钠等基础治疗,同时DELP组给予2次DELP治疗;比较治疗前后两组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、日常生活活动Barthel指数(BI)、改良Rankin量表(mRS)的评分,以及血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)、血脂水平及血液流变学指标的变化。结果治疗14d时,DELP组NIHSS评分降低值明显大于对照组(P<0.05);第14d时BI、第90d时mRS评分高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。与治疗前相比,DLEP组治疗第4d血浆Fib、血脂水平显著下降(均P<0.05);高密度脂蛋白、全血和血浆黏度均降低,但差异无统计学意义;第14d血浆Fib、载脂蛋白、脂蛋白(a)水平均恢复至基线。结论DELP治疗能促进急性脑梗死患者早期神经功能缺损程度的恢复,其机制可能与降低血浆Fib、血脂等以及改善血液流变学有关。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征对脑梗死患者预后的影响

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)对急性脑梗死(ACI)患者预后的影响。方法根据多导睡眠图将110例ACI患者分为观察组(67例)与对照组(43例),观察组合并OSAHS,对照组未合并OSAHS。再根据呼吸暂停通气指数(AHI)将观察组分为3个亚组:A组38例,为轻度OSAHS;B组18例,为中度OSAHS;C组11例,为重度OSAHS。结果治疗前2组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、巴塞尔指数(BI)、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗1个月、3个月、6个月后,观察组NIHSS评分、mRS评分均高于对照组,BI均低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前、治疗1个月、3个月、6个月后,A组NHISS评分、mRS评分均显著低于B组与C组,BI均显著高于B组与C组(P0.05)。治疗前,B组与C组NIHSS评分、BI、mRS评分相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗1个月后、3个月后、6个月后,B组NHISS评分、mRS评分均显著低于C组,BI均显著高于C组(P0.05)。结论 OSAHS可影响ACI患者神经功能缺损、日常生活能力、残障程度的恢复,且影响程度与OSAHS严重度有关。     

负荷剂量氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的观察不同剂量氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林或单用阿司匹林治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法选取338例脑梗死患者,随机分为联合负荷剂量组(104例)、联合常规剂量组(116例)和阿司匹林负荷剂量组(118例),比较各组总有效率及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分改善情况。结果联合负荷剂量组总有效率88.5%,高于联合常规剂量组的72.4%和阿司匹林负荷剂量组的67.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。出院时再次应用NIHSS进行评估,3组NIHSS评分均低于治疗前,且联合负荷剂量组与联合常规剂量组、阿司匹林负荷剂量组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),3组不良反应差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论负荷剂量阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗脑梗死临床效果满意,可提高患者预后质量。     

慢性阻塞性肺病对急性脑梗死患者预后的影响

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病对急性脑梗死患者预后的影响。方法采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)和Barthel指数(BI)对慢性阻塞性肺病合并急性脑梗死(COPD组)患者发病不同阶段(入院时、治疗第14和28天)神经功能缺损程度和日常生活活动能力进行评分,与单纯急性脑梗死(对照组)患者进行比较,评价其预后。结果治疗前两组一般情况、NIHSS和BI评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗第14天时,COPD组患者NIHSS评分升高[(9.47±3.43)分]、BI评分降低[(33.83±15.68)分],但与对照组[NIHSS评分:(8.37±3.50)分,BI评分:(37.83±17.25)分]比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.224,0.351)。治疗第28天时,COPD组患者NIHSS评分[(6.93±2.59)分]高于、BI评分[(54.00±15.45)分]低于对照组[NIHSS评分:(5.43±2.13)分,BI评分:(65.67±16.33)分],差异具有统计学意义(P=0.017,0.006)。结论慢性阻塞性肺病合并急性脑梗死患者发病后预后不良可能与病程中始终存在的系统性炎症和氧化应激有关。     

替罗非班桥接双联抗血小板治疗急性脑梗死临床观察

目的观察早期使用替罗非班桥接拜阿司匹林和氯吡格雷双联抗血小板治疗急性脑梗死的疗效,并评价其安全性。方法回顾性连续纳入2017-10—2018-08长江大学附属第一医院神经内科确诊的128例急性脑梗死患者,依据发病24 h内是否使用替罗非班治疗分为替罗非班组和对照组,共68例纳入替罗非班组,先静脉泵入替罗非班治疗48 h,后过渡为拜阿司匹林和氯吡格雷双联治疗2周。对照组60例仅接受拜阿司匹林和氯吡格雷治疗。2组在治疗第1、3和15天进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评分,记录2周内颅内出血(包括脑实质出血和脑出血转化)、全身性出血和3个月内死亡发生率。3个月后评估改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分。根据治疗后3个月mRS评分,将mRS≤2分为预后良好,3≤mRS≤6分为预后不良。结果 2组2周内颅内出血、全身性出血和3个月内病死率差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.929、0.827、0.929);治疗第3和15天,替罗非班组NIHSS评分较对照组显著降低(P值分别为0.042和0.016),ADL评分明显升高(P值分别为0.035和0.018)。3个月后,替罗非班组mRS 0～2的比例显著高于对照组(50%vs 31.6%,P=0.027)。结论早期静脉应用替罗非班桥接拜阿司匹林和氯吡格雷双联抗血小板是一种安全、有效的治疗急性脑梗死的方法。     

支架取栓与动静脉联合溶栓对急性脑梗死患者神经功能及预后的影响研究

目的比较观察支架取栓与动静脉联合溶栓对急性脑梗死患者神经功能及预后的影响。方法选取2015-08-2018-08福建龙岩市第二医院收治的52例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为研究组(26例)与对照组(26例),研究组采用支架取栓予以治疗,对照组采用动静脉联合溶栓治疗,比较2组术前及术后第1、7天时的简明精神状态量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分,术前及术后3、6个月的改良Rankin量表(modified rankin scale,mRS)评分。结果术后第1、7天,研究组MMSE评分均明显高于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3、6个月,研究组mRS评分均明显低于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论支架取栓可有效恢复急性脑梗死患者的神经功能,提高患者预后,效果明显优于动静脉联合溶栓治疗,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂联合高压氧治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效

目的观察单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂(GM1)联合高压氧治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将80例急性脑梗死患者随机分为常规治疗组(40例)和联合治疗组(40例)。两组均常规予以阿托伐他汀分散片、拜阿司匹林肠溶片、血栓通、巴曲酶治疗,并辅以控制血压、血糖等治疗。联合治疗组在常规治疗基础上予以GM1(生理盐水+GM1 40 mg/d)联合高压氧治疗,疗程10 d。治疗前后分别采用NIHSS、日常生活活动量表(ADL)的Barthel指数评价患者的神经功能;治疗3个月后对患者进行mRS评分。结果治疗前常规治疗组及联合治疗组患者NIHSS评分及Barthel指数差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。与治疗前比较,常规治疗组及联合治疗组治疗后Barthel指数显著升高,NIHSS评分显著降低(均P0.01)。与常规治疗组比较,联合治疗组治疗后NIHSS评分及mRS评分显著降低,Barthel指数评分显著升高(均P0.05)。联合治疗组总有效率显著高于常规治疗组(χ~2=5.00,P=0.025)。两组患者均未发生明显的不良反应。结论对于未能进行溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者,积极予以常规治疗可改善患者预后;在此基础上的进行GM1联合高压氧治疗更能有效促进急性脑梗死患者神经功能状态的康复和远期疗效,且安全有效,值得临床推广。     

丁苯酞治疗分支动脉粥样硬化病脑梗死的临床疗效及安全性

目的评价丁苯酞治疗分支动脉粥样硬化病脑梗死的临床疗效及安全性。方法采用随机对照设计,将64例急性脑梗死患者,随机分为丁苯酞治疗组(32例)和对照组(32例)。两组患者诊断均采用高木诚等提出的诊断标准进行诊断,全部患者均给予口服阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀钙,静脉滴注奥扎格雷钠。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上使用丁苯酞50 mg·d-1,静脉滴注,连续治疗14d。两组患者均在治疗前后进行神经功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS)和日常生活活动能力评分(BI)。结果两组患者治疗前NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后NIHSS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后NIHSS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前BI评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后BI评分均较治疗前增高(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后BI评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗过程中未见不良反应。结论丁苯酞能显著改善分支动脉粥样硬化病脑梗死患者的神经功能缺损及日常生活活动能力,疗效确切,安全性好。     

尤瑞克林对急性脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者疗效分析

目的观察尤瑞克林对2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法合并2型糖尿病的急性脑梗死患者106例,随机分为治疗组(50例)和对照组(56例),对照组为对症治疗,治疗组在对症治疗基础上加尤瑞克林。采用美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS评分)、改良RankinScale(MRS评分)及日常生活能力量表(ADL评分)评定2组疗效,并随访半年评定Barthel指数(BI)分值。结果与对照组比较,治疗组NIHSS、MRS及ADL评分均明显改善(P<0.05)。随访6个月,尤瑞克林组Barthel指数较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论尤瑞克林治疗合并2型糖尿病的急性脑梗死安全有效,改善预后。     

颅脑CT血管成像对判断急性脑梗死患者预后的价值

目的 探讨颅脑CT血管成像(CTA)对判断急性脑梗死(ACI)患者预后的价值.方法 对70例发病≤6 h ACI患者进行颅脑CTA检查,并评价患者入院时、出院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表 (NIHSS) 评分和改良的Ranking量表(mRS)评分.结果 CTA检查显示血管正常32例,大血管闭塞38例.血管闭塞组患者出院时NIHSS评分和mRS评分均高于无血管闭塞组,差异有统计学意义 (P<0.01,P<0.001);两组出院时NIHSS评分、mRS评分均比入院时明显降低(均P<0.001).无血管闭塞组患者预后良好25例(78.1%),血管闭塞组预后良好17例(44.7%),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).入院时NIHSS评分及CTA显示的血管状况与临床预后呈负相关(r=-0.25,P<0.05;r=-0.73,P<0.001),入院时NIHSS评分(OR 0.09, 95%CI: 0.07～0.12, P<0.01)和血管是否闭塞(OR 0.12, 95%CI: 0.01～0.24, P<0.05)与预后有关,是ACI预后的独立预测因素.无血管闭塞组患者进行溶栓或未溶栓治疗的预后良好比率(分别为66.7%、75.0%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).血管闭塞组溶栓治疗患者预后良好比率(58.8%)明显高于未溶栓治疗患者(31.8%)(P<0.05).结论 血管闭塞的ACI患者预后较差,CTA对判断ACI患者的预后及选择溶栓治疗有意义.     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS. METHODS: Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed. RESULTS: Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use. CONCLUSIONS: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。