下胫腓钩板固定器的生物力学特征

背景：以往治疗下胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折患者采用石膏或夹板等外固定及螺钉、骨栓及钢板螺钉等内固定术式，但存在固定不牢靠、对合不良等弊端。目的：通过采用自行研制的新型内固定器-下胫腓钩板固定器治疗下胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折患者的初步临床疗效，观察下胫腓钩板固定器的生物力学特征。设计：自身前后对照观察。对象：选者2001-10／2004-03扬州大学临床医学院附属医院骨科就诊的下胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折的患者23例，根据Lauge-Hansen分类，旋后外旋型11例，旋前外旋型7例，旋前外展型5例。其中双踝骨折14例，三踝骨折9例。方法：采用下胫腓钩板固定器治疗23例下胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折。术后常规摄X射线片。1周即可进行距小腿关节功能锻炼，2个月左右即可部分负重行走。功能测评根据改良Mazur标准进行评价（分为优，良，可，差）。主要观察指标：①胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折患者术后愈合时间及功能测评。②不良事件及副反应。结果：23例患者平均随访11个月，均进入结果分析。①患者胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折术后愈合时间及功能测评结果：骨折愈合的时间为12-18周；优16例，良5例，可2例。②不良事件及副反应：患者下胫腓间隙无分离，内、外踝与距骨之间的距离对称，术后内固定无松动、断裂现象。结论：应用下胫腓钩板固定器治疗胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折患者，术后无并发症，并能恢复距小腿关节（踝关节）功能，其内固定稳定，生物力学性能较好。     

下胫腓钩板固定器的生物力学特征

背景:以往治疗下胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折患者采用石膏或夹板等外固定及螺钉、骨栓及钢板螺钉等内固定术式,但存在固定不牢靠、对合不良等弊端。目的:通过采用自行研制的新型内固定器--下胫腓钩板固定器治疗下胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折患者的初步临床疗效,观察下胫腓钩板固定器的生物力学特征。设计:自身前后对照观察。对象:选者2001-10/2004-03扬州大学临床医学院附属医院骨科就诊的下胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折的患者23例,根据Lauge-Hansen分类,旋后外旋型11例,旋前外旋型7例,旋前外展型5例。其中双踝骨折14例,三踝骨折9例。方法:采用下胫腓钩板固定器治疗23例下胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折。术后常规摄X射线片。1周即可进行距小腿关节功能锻炼,2个月左右即可部分负重行走。功能测评根据改良Mazur标准进行评价(分为优,良,可,差)。主要观察指标:①胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折患者术后愈合时间及功能测评。②不良事件及副反应。结果:23例患者平均随访11个月,均进入结果分析。①患者胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折术后愈合时间及功能测评结果:骨折愈合的时间为12～18周;优16例,良5例,可2例。②不良事件及副反应:患者下胫腓间隙无分离,内、外踝与距骨之间的距离对称,术后内固定无松动、断裂现象。结论:应用下胫腓钩板固定器治疗胫腓联合分离伴腓骨骨折患者,术后无并发症,并能恢复距小腿关节(踝关节)功能,其内固定稳定,生物力学性能较好。     

踝关节骨折伴下胫腓分离疗效的相关因素分析

目的：探讨影响踝关节闭合性骨折伴下胫腓联合分离手术疗效的相关因素，并提出对策。方法：分析1998年2月～2004年8 月手术治疗43例踝关节骨折伴下胫腓联合分离患者的临床资料，男性29例，女性14例；平均年龄45． 6岁。根据 Lauge-Hansen 分 类：旋后外旋型21例；旋前外旋型15例；旋前外展型7例。28例未行下胫腓联合固定。急诊手术17例；伤后3～7d 手术24例，2例 为陈旧性骨折(伤后3个月手术)。结果：术后随访8～35个月，平均18个月。下胫腓固定15例中，10例在术后8～12周取钉；3例因 术后1～2年断钉而取出。另2例在术后2年内取钉。使用可吸收性螺钉中2例发生再分离，未固定者均未出现骨性连接和再分离。 术中应力位(Mortise)发现下胫腓分离6例，外旋侧位发现3例后踝小骨片。根据 Baird-Jackson 系统评分：优20例、良17例、可3例、 差3例，优良率86． 05%。结论：影响踝关节骨折伴下胫腓联合分离手术疗效的相关因素有骨折类型与软组织损伤程度、术中判断与 内固定物选择、下胫腓联合固定与否、陈旧性骨折及术后功能锻炼等因素。     

下胫腓联合复位不良的影像学表现及漏诊原因讨论

目的总结下胫腓联合复位不良的影像学特点,分析漏诊原因。方法回顾性分析我院2013年1月—2015年12月收治的踝关节骨折并下胫腓联合损伤术后出现下胫腓联合复位不良23例的临床资料。结果本组下胫腓联合复位不良率为47.9%,均经CT及X线检查明确诊断,其中单纯下胫腓间隙增宽9例,腓骨后移4例,下胫腓间隙增宽并腓骨前移、单纯腓骨前移各3例,腓骨外旋2例,胫腓间隙变窄并腓骨前移、腓骨内旋各1例。1例予二次手术,22例予石膏固定。术后随访6~28个月,均未出现皮肤并发症及深部感染,骨折愈合良好,未出现骨不连。根据术后踝-后足评分,优2例,良14例,可6例,差1例,优良率70%。结论临床遇及踝关节骨折并下胫腓联合损伤的患者时,要高度警惕下胫腓联合复位不良的发生,及时行相关检查,仔细判断踝关节相关参数变化,避免漏诊。     

弹性内固定治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离的临床疗效

[目的]探讨弹性内固定治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离患者的临床疗效.[方法]以延安市人民医院收治的150例踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离患者为研究对象,分为观察组和对照组,每组75例.纳入时间段为2018年1月至2021年1月,分组方法为随机数字表法.观察组采取弹性内固定方法,对照组采取传统螺钉内固定方法.术后随访6个...     

胫腓钩与螺钉治疗Weber-C型踝关节骨折的疗效对比

目的：评价胫腓钩治疗Weber—C型踝关节骨折的疗效。方法：2000年3月至2007年7月，应用LINK胫腓钩治疗Weber-C型踝关节骨折患者15例（胫腓钩组），应用螺钉治疗Weber-C型骨折患者15例（螺钉组）。根据术前X线片判断下胫腓联合损伤的程度，经术中探查证实；胫腓钩组于下胫腓联合平面置钩，钩住腓骨．固定于胫骨上。螺钉组于下胫腓联合平面自腓骨向胫骨钻骨隧道穿3层骨皮质固定下胫腓联合分离。结果：30例患者获得24～36个月随访（平均32个月），根据Baird-Jackson评分系统评定疗效，胫腓钩组优14例，良1例．未发现内固定物松动、断裂现象。螺钉组中优11例，良1例，可2例，差1例，3例发生断钉。结论：胫腓钩治疗Weber-C型踝关节骨折能有效地复位和固定，并能提供下胫腓微动关节的生理功能。[著者文摘]     

踝关节骨折伴下胫腓联合分离49例手术治疗分析

目的 探讨踝关节骨折伴下胫腓联合分离的手术疗效.方法 选择踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离患者49例.均行切开复位内固定加下胫腓螺钉固定,术后6～8周拆除下胫腓螺钉.结果 41例患者获随访.Baird Jackson评分:优31例,良5例,可3例;优良率为87.80％.结论 手术治疗踝关节骨折伴下胫腓联合分离疗效肯定;精确修复并稳定下胫腓联合是手术成功的关键.     

踝关节镜下距腓前韧带重建联合内固定治疗旋后内收Ⅱ度踝关节损伤的临床疗效

[目的]探讨踝关节镜下距腓前韧带重建联合内固定治疗旋后内收Ⅱ度踝关节损伤的临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年6月在本院诊治的102例旋后内收Ⅱ度踝关节损伤患者,按照治疗方法不同分为观察组(踝关节镜下距腓前韧带重建联合支撑钢板内固定)和对照组(切开复位联合支撑钢板内固定),每组51例.比较两组围手术期...     

手术治疗重度旋前/后外旋型踝关节骨折的临床评价

【目的】探讨严重旋前／后外旋型踝关节骨折的手术治疗方法及,临床效果。【方法】回顾分析自2000年4月至2005年10月采用手术治疗的Ⅲ～Ⅳ度旋前／后外旋型踝关节骨折26例,其中旋前外旋型10例,旋后外旋型16例。内侧采用标准内踝弧形切口显露,外侧采用外踝外侧直切口,如需处理后踝骨折则采用改良的腓骨后外侧弧形联合切口,按后踝-外踝-内踝-下胫腓联合顺序进行复位固定。【结果】所有患者随访6～28个月,平均15．2个月,平均骨性愈合时间16周,根据Baird—Jackson系统评分：优11例,良12例,可2例,差1例,优良率88．5％。2例3枚下胫腓联合固定螺钉断裂。【结论】通过切开复位内固定可使严重的旋前／后外旋型骨折的踝关节恢复正常的解剖关系,最大限度恢复踝关节功能,获得最佳,临床效果。     

Maisonneuve骨折50例临床分析

目的探讨Maisonneuve骨折的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析50例Maisonneuve骨折患者的临床资料。结果本组均为闭合损伤,术前漏诊15例;均采取手术固定内、后踝骨折、修复内侧三角韧带以及固定下胫腓联合的方法治疗;随访12～18个月,疗效优32例,良12例,可6例,治疗优良率88%;均未发生螺钉断裂、下胫腓再移位等并发症。结论对踝关节损伤患者行小腿内旋15°～25°全长X线片检查有助于及时发现Maisonneuve骨折;手术固定内、后踝骨折、修复内侧三角韧带以及固定下胫腓联合是有效治疗方法。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.