Occupational stress and constructive thinking: health and job satisfaction

BACKGROUND: Occupational stress is associated with specific situations, characteristics of the work environment, and individual perceptions and reactions in the context of the workplace, but many nursing studies of occupational stress have tended to analyse aspects related to the job itself. In Brazil nursing is acknowledged as a stressful occupation whose stresses are generally associated with the job itself, while the effects of personal characteristics on an individual's response to occupational stress are dismissed. AIMS: The aim of this paper is to describe: (1) occupational stress, job satisfaction and state of health in Brazilian nurses, and (2) the relationship of these variables to a constructive thinking coping style. METHODS: A correlational study was performed during 1999 with 461 nurses recruited from the public health and education system in the Federal District of Brazil. Instruments used were the Nursing Stress Inventory, Constructive Thinking Inventory, subscales of the Occupational Stress Indicator, and a researcher-designed questionnaire. RESULTS: Normal distributions were found for occupational stress, state of health (physical and psychological), and job satisfaction. Results suggest that nurses have fewer psychological health problems and similar job satisfaction compared with other Brazilian government white-collar workers. Occupational stress was directly associated with state of health, and inversely associated with global constructive thinking and job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian nurses in this study seem to have adapted satisfactorily to their profession, but the finding that constructive thinking was significantly related to psychological ill-health, occupational stress and physical ill-health highlights a need to value individual coping styles in the work environment.     

军队传染病医院护士工作满意度调查分析及管理对策

目的了解军队传染病医院护士工作满意度的现状,并提出管理对策。方法应用Mueller／McCloskey满意度量表对随机抽取的193名军队传染病医院的护士进行问卷调查。结果军队传染病医院的护士对工作的满意度较低,其中对福利待遇及排班的满意度最低,不同年龄、学历、科室和编制的护士对工作不满意的程度不同。结论多种因素导致了军队传染病医院护士对工作的不满意,护理管理者应采取有针对性的管理对策和改进措施,提高护士对工作的满意度,进而提高护理质量,减少护理人员的大量流失。     

A model of job satisfaction of nurses: a reflection of nurses' working lives in Mainland China

AIM: This paper is a report of a study exploring nurses' views and experience regarding their working lives in Mainland China. BACKGROUND: The widespread nursing shortage and high turnover has become a global issue. Job satisfaction among nurses is a key factor in nurse turnover. Although several models of job satisfaction have been suggested in Western countries, these require further development and testing in Mainland China, where the social context of the labour market is different. METHOD: A survey design using questionnaires was adopted. A total of 512 hospital nurses in Beijing participated in the study in 2004, representing a response rate of 81%. FINDINGS: There was a negative relationship between nurses' job satisfaction and intention to leave their current hospitals, which was mediated by age (P < 0.05). About 40% of the variance in job satisfaction could be explained by the set of independent variables including organizational commitment, occupational stress, professional commitment, role conflict, role ambiguity, educational level, age and working years (R2 = 0.396). Organizational commitment had the strongest impact on job satisfaction, which explained 31.3% of the variance in this, followed by occupational stress and role conflict (5.5% and 1.9% respectively). In addition, both nurses' role perception and actual role content influenced job satisfaction as well as occupational stress, role conflict and role ambiguity (P < 0.05). Nurses' educational level was also a factor related to role perception, professional commitment and role conflict (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nurses' job satisfaction could be increased through promoting organizational and professional commitment and reducing occupational stress, role conflict and role ambiguity.     

Factors contributing to nurse job satisfaction in the acute hospital setting: a review of recent literature

hayes b, bonner a & pryor j (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 804–814
Factors contributing to nurse job satisfaction in the acute hospital setting: a review of recent literature Aim To explore and discuss from recent literature the common factors contributing to nurse job satisfaction in the acute hospital setting. Background Nursing dissatisfaction is linked to high rates of nurses leaving the profession, poor morale, poor patient outcomes and increased financial expenditure. Understanding factors that contribute to job satisfaction could increase nurse retention. Evaluation A literature search from January 2004 to March 2009 was conducted using the keywords nursing, (dis)satisfaction, job (dis)satisfaction to identify factors contributing to satisfaction for nurses working in acute hospital settings. Key issues This review identified 44 factors in three clusters (intra-, inter- and extra-personal). Job satisfaction for nurses in acute hospitals can be influenced by a combination of any or all of these factors. Important factors included coping strategies, autonomy, co-worker interaction, direct patient care, organizational policies, resource adequacy and educational opportunities. Conclusions Research suggests that job satisfaction is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon. Collaboration between individual nurses, their managers and others is crucial to increase nursing satisfaction with their job. Implications for nursing management Recognition and regular reviewing by nurse managers of factors that contribute to job satisfaction for nurses working in acute care areas is pivotal to the retention of valued staff.     

护士职业认同感、工作压力和满意度及离职意愿调查

目的：了解北京市护士的职业认同感、工作压力和满意度及离职意愿状况。方法：采用方便抽样法抽取北京市19家不同级别医院的1272名护士,用自行设计的护士职业认同感、工作压力和工作满意度及离职意愿问卷对其进行调查。结果：1272名护士认为目前护士的社会地位平均分为36．5±19．7分（中位数为35．0）,27．8％的护士感觉患者对护士比较尊重或非常尊重,57．2％的护士认为工作压力较大或很大,压力来源主要为职业风险高、工作强度大、社会评价不高,30．7％的护士对工作比较满意或非常满意,不满意的原因主要为收入低、职业风险高、工作强度大;35．2％的护士表示不愿意继续从事护理工作,原因主要为收入低、职业风险高和工作强度大;多元线性逐步回归显示护士职业认同的影响因素有护龄和学历,工作压力的影响因素有婚姻状况和医院级别,工作满意度的影响因素有医院级别、职称和职务;Logistic回归显示护士离职意愿的影响因素为医院级别。结论：目前北京市护士的职业认同感评分低,工作压力大,工作满意度低,离职意愿强烈;相关管理部门应采取有效措施,减轻护士工作压力,提高护士工作满意度和职业认同感,减少有离职意愿护士的数量,以稳定护士队伍,保证临床护理质量。     

长沙市二级及以上医院护士职业承诺和工作满意度对留职意愿的影响研究

目的 调查长沙市二级及以上医院护士留职意愿现状,并分析其影响因素.方法 采用护士留职意愿问卷、护士工作满意度量表、职业承诺问卷,对长沙市医疗机构329名护士进行调查.结果 护士留职意愿总分为（19.64±4.12）分,护士工作满意度总分为（126.22±18.04）分,护士职业承诺总分为（70.74±13.59）分;分层回归分析结果显示年龄、工作职务、任职方式、情感承诺、规范承诺、经济成本承诺、机会承诺对护士留职意愿有预测作用（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）.结论 所调查长沙市医疗机构医院护士留职意愿呈中等水平,护理管理者应针对可控影响因素,制订稳定护理人才队伍的相应策略.     

Five-year follow-up study of stress among nurses in public and private hospitals in Thailand

A longitudinal perspective on 14 hospitals in Thailand examined sources of occupational stress, coping strategies, and job satisfaction. A sample of 200 nurses was compared to 147 nurses sampled from the same hospital wards after 5 years and revealed a significant increase in nurses' workload, involvement with life and death situations, and pressure from being required to perform tasks outside of their competence. Although nurses working in public hospitals generally reported more stress than private hospitals, surprisingly nurses' satisfaction with their job increased particularly in public hospitals, which may be attributable to age, improvements in monetary compensation, and organizational support.     

护士职业认同水平与其工作压力、职业倦怠的相关性研究

目的探讨临床护士的职业认同水平与其工作压力、职业倦怠之间的关系。方法采用护士职业认同问卷、护士工作压力源量表及护士职业倦怠量表对上海市9所医院的524名临床护士实施问卷调查。结果护士的职业认同处于中等水平,工作量及时间分配位居其工作压力源之首,存在一定程度的工作倦怠;护士的职业认同水平与其工作压力及职业倦怠程度呈负相关,即护士的职业认同水平越高,其感知的工作压力及职业倦怠程度越轻。结论提升护士的职业认同水平,有望缓解护士的工作压力及职业倦怠,也为护理人力资源管理寻求有效干预策略拓展新视角。     

Occupational commitment and job satisfaction mediate effort–reward imbalance and the intention to continue nursing

Aim

Occupational commitment and job satisfaction are major predictors of the intention to continue nursing. This study's purpose was to verify the mediating effects of job satisfaction and three components of occupational commitment on the relationship between effort–reward imbalance and the intention to continue nursing.

Methods

A self‐report questionnaire was distributed to 3977 nurses by the nursing department of 12 hospitals in the Tohoku and Kanto districts of Japan in 2013. Of these, 1531 (response rate: 38.5%) nurses returned the questionnaire by mail and the complete data that were provided by 1241 nurses (valid response rate: 31.2%) were analyzed.

Results

Structural equation modeling showed that the effort–reward ratio had negative effects on job satisfaction and affective and normative occupational commitment. Job satisfaction and affective and normative occupational commitment had positive effects on the intention to continue nursing, whereas the effort–reward ratio had no direct effect on the intention to continue nursing. Continuance occupational commitment was not a mediator, but it positively influenced the intention to continue nursing.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that it is important to increase job satisfaction and affective and normative occupational commitment in order to enhance their buffering effects on the relationship between job stress and the intention to continue nursing. Measures to increase continuance occupational commitment also would be an effective method of strengthening the intention to continue nursing. Improvements in these areas should contribute to an increase in nurses’ intention to continue nursing and prevent the loss of this precious human resource from the health sector.

     

三级甲等医院护士工作压力源与工作满意度的相关性研究

[目的]调查三级甲等医院护士工作满意度及工作压力源的现状,明确两者之间的关系。[方法]采用护士工作压力源量表、明尼苏达满意度问卷对273名三级甲等医院临床护士进行问卷调查,并对其结果进行分析。[结果]护士工作压力源总分为2.97分±0.69分,各维度得分由高到低依次为工作量及时间分配问题、护理专业及工作方面的问题、病人护理方面的问题、工作环境及资源方面的问题、管理及人际关系方面的问题,护士工作压力与工作目的有关;护士工作满意度总分为58.84分±12.78分,满意度与工作目的有关;护士工作满意度与工作压力呈负相关(P<0.01)。[结论]管理者和临床护士应采取针对性的措施,设法减少或消除护士的工作压力源,提高工作满意度,从而保证护理质量。     

1640名陕西省综合医院护士职业满意度现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查陕西省综合医院护士的职业满意度现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,于2018年3—7月从陕西省10个地级市中随机抽取西安市、宝鸡市、延安市3个地级市的8所综合医院1 640名在职护士,采用一般资料调查表、职业满意度量表、职业观量表、职业压力量表、护理业务实施量表、社会支持量表和组织承诺量表进行调查。采用多元线性回归分析护士职业满意度的影响因素。结果 护士的职业满意度平均分为（3.36±0.52）分,职业观总均分为（3.95±0.45）分,职业压力总均分为（2.30±0.54）分,护理业务实施总均分为（4.14±0.58）分,社会支持总分为（31.10±5.80）分,组织承诺总均分为（3.42±0.56）分。多元线性回归结果显示：组织承诺、职业观、职业压力进入回归方程（P<0.05）,共解释护士职业满意度总变异的56.8%。结论 本组陕西省综合医院护士职业满意度处于中等水平,护士的组织承诺水平、职业观水平、职业压力是其职业满意度的主要影响因素。建议护理管理者重点关注组织承诺水平低、职业观水平低和职业压力大的护士,帮助其制定可行的职业生涯规划,提高其对组织价值观和组织文化的认同度;不断加强职业观教育,努力改善护士工作环境和福利待遇,提高其组织承诺水平;降低护士专业负担和业务负担,改善护士工作环境并优化资源配置,促进团队沟通,以降低护士职业压力;从而提高其职业满意度。     

The influence of the professionalism behaviour of nurses working in health institutions on job satisfaction

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of the professional behaviour of nurses on their job satisfaction. The sample of the study included 531 nurses working in university, state and private hospitals in Turkey. Data were collected using two questionnaires which included the demographic characteristics of nurses, a Behavioral Inventory Form for Professionalism in Nursing (BIPN) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. The results from the BIPN showed that the mean score of nurses was low. The mean score of job satisfaction was at a medium level. The relationship between job satisfaction and professionalism was found to be statistically significant and in the positive direction. Based on this result, in order to increase job satisfaction, increasing the performance of arrangements directed towards the development of professional behaviour that is found within the scope of the professionalism scale is recommended.     

护理组织公正和组织信任对护士留职意愿影响的研究

目的比较公立医院与民营医院间护士留职意愿、护理组织公正和组织信任的现状与差异;分析护理组织公正和组织信任对护士留职意愿的影响。方法对北京某公立医院和民营医院的313名护士进行护理组织公正、组织信任与护士留职意愿的调查。结果在不同体制医院中,护士留职意愿差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）;民营医院护士在人际关系公正、信息公正、上级信任、同事和下级信任方面低于公立医院;护士留职意愿的影响因素包括收入满意度和程序公正感。结论护理管理者应在制度、程序的制定与其执行方面,鼓励护士更多地参与管理与分享权力,并重视护士薪酬的合理分配。在民营医院,管理者尤其要注重维护人际关系和谐,以增强护士与组织的紧密联系,稳定队伍。     

乡镇卫生院护士工作满意度调查与分析

目的调查乡镇卫生院护士自身满意度状况,提出改进建议,提高基层护士的工作积极性。方法采用问卷调查法对6所乡镇卫生院的81名护士进行工作满意度调查。结果乡镇卫生院护士工作满意度不高;工作满意度因子由高到低排序依次为:人际关系、被认可与表扬、职业成就感、排班安排、工资与补贴;不同年龄、护龄、婚姻状况、学历、聘用方式、职称等的护士工作满意度得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论乡镇卫生院护士的工作满意度有待提高,应从护士的待遇、排班安排和成就感等方面加以改善。     

An analysis of the relationship between job satisfaction and job stress in correctional nurses

Stamps and Piedmonte's Index of Work Satisfaction and Harris's Nurse Stress Index were completed by 287 registered nurses employed in state prison health care facilities in order to assess job satisfaction and job stress among correctional nurses. Correctional nurses' expectations about job satisfaction were influenced by pay and autonomy. This finding was consistent with studies of hospital nurses. Important sources of job satisfaction were professional status and interaction with employees. Analysis of differences between expectations and sources of job satisfaction may provide understanding of career benefits and sources of dissatisfaction. Time pressures and organizational support and involvement were sources of stress. Multivariate analyses showed an inverse relationship between stress and job satisfaction. Information about job satisfaction and work stress and their correlates may be used to develop strategies to improve the recruitment and retention of correctional nurses.     

护士工作绩效现状及其影响因素

目的:探讨护士工作绩效的现状及其影响因素。方法:采用护理工作绩效量表(JPM)和工作压力量表(NSS),对某三级甲等综合医院的375位护士进行调查。结果:护士的工作绩效处于中等水平,工作压力处于高水平,工作绩效和工作压力呈负相关,经多元回归分析,进入回归方程的变量为缺乏支持。结论:护士承受的工作压力较高,过高的工作压力对工作绩效产生负面影响。减轻护士的工作压力,给予其更多的支持和帮助,可以提高护士的工作绩效,促进其更有效地工作。