咪唑安定配伍芬太尼在妇科手术腰硬联合麻醉中的镇静遗忘作用

目的 探讨咪唑安定配伍芬太尼对腰硬联合麻醉下行妇科手术的镇静遗忘效果.方法 腰硬联合麻醉下妇科手术病人90例(ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级),随机分为两组:Ⅰ组(咪唑安定-芬太尼组)和Ⅱ组(杜氟合剂组).依据镇静观察评分法(OAA/S),记录两组病人在给药后10 min、20 min和30 min的镇静效果,观察记录牵拉内脏时患者的主观感受及反应,术后24 h调查遗忘情况.结果 两组病人用药后10 min SpO2出现下降,但组间比较差异无统计学意义;Ⅰ组镇静效果明显好于Ⅱ组,且Ⅰ组起效迅速;Ⅰ组病人对于内脏牵拉的反应程度明显优于Ⅱ组;Ⅰ组患者对于手术过程的回忆明显少于Ⅱ组.结论 咪唑安定伍用芬太尼,其镇静遗忘效果好,对紧张、焦虑、恐惧病人尤为适用.     

咪达唑仑和芬太尼用于腰硬联合麻醉镇静的临床观察

目的：观察不同剂量咪达唑仑加芬太尼用于腰硬联合麻醉镇静的临床效果。方法：80例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级下腹部手术患者随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4组,分别采用0．02、0．04、0．06和0．08mg／kg咪达唑仑辅助芬太尼0．001mg／kg进行腰硬联合麻醉镇静,以改良警觉／镇静评分法（OAA／S）记录给药不同时间患者的镇静程度、遗忘程度,观察术中患者生命体征的变化。结果：给药后5minⅠ组、Ⅱ组OAA／S评分明显高于Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组（P〈0．05）,给药后10、30、60minⅠ组OAA／S评分明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组（P〈0．05～0．01）。给药后30minⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组遗忘作用均优于Ⅰ组,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组优于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）,给药后120minⅢ、Ⅳ组遗忘作用优于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）。镇静、遗忘程度依次为Ⅳ组〉Ⅲ组〉Ⅱ组〉Ⅰ组。4组各生命体征指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,均未发生严重的血压下降,Ⅳ组呼吸抑制发生率最高。结论：0．04～0．06mg／kg咪达唑仑辅助0．001mg／kg芬太尼较适用于腰硬联合麻醉的镇静、遗忘剂量。     

咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼在老年腰麻患者中镇静效果的观察

目的 探讨咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼用于老年腰麻患者镇静时的最佳配伍剂量.方法 选择80例腰麻下行下腹部或下肢手术患者,年龄≥65岁,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,随机均分为4组:Ⅰ组(S0.1,M10),Ⅱ组(S0.1,M30),Ⅲ组(S0.15,M20),Ⅳ组(S0.2,M10),单位均为μg/kg,每组20例.记录给药前(T0)、给药后5min(T1)、10 min (T2)、30 min (T3)、60 min (T4)时警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分,SBP、DBP、HR、RR、SpO2、警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分、遗忘程度及不良反应.结果 4组患者的SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2在均在正常范围内有所降低.Ⅳ组在给药后5 min,10 min的SpO2明显低于其他3组(P＜0.05),Ⅱ组给药后5min,10 min的OAA/S评分低于Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ组(P＜0.05),Ⅱ组的完全遗忘程度高达50％,明显高于Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ组(P＜0.05).结论 咪达唑仑30μg/kg复合舒芬太尼0.1μg/kg镇静遗忘效果好,且呼吸和循环抑制作用少,可作为老年患者理想的镇静配方.     

悬雍垂腭咽成型术清醒经鼻气管插管的观察

目的 观察悬雍垂腭咽成型术(UPPP)清醒经鼻气管插管时不同镇静镇痛给药模式之间的差别,探讨最佳镇静镇痛给药模式.方法 45例重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者择期行悬雍垂腭咽成型术.依不同给药模式随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组.患者入室给予咪唑安定0.02mg/kg,依分组Ⅰ组给予雷米芬太尼0.4μg/kg;Ⅱ组自控给予雷米芬太尼,负荷量0.25μg/kg,输注速度0.025μg/(kg·min),单次冲击量0.25μg/kg,锁定时间2min;Ⅲ组靶控输注雷米芬太尼血浆靶浓度2ng/ml.记录插管过程MAP、HP、SpO2、听觉诱发电位指数(AEPi)、警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S)、雷米芬太尼用量、麻醉科医生对镇静镇满意评分、术后患者满意度评分和插管过程知晓情况.结果 Ⅰ组T2、T3时MAP、HP明显高于T0(P＜0.05),AEPi明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).Ⅲ组有2例患者过度镇静,雷米芬太尼用量Ⅱ组明显少于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P＜0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组麻醉医生满意度评分明显高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),三组患者满意度评分差异无统计学意义,无插管过程记忆.结论 患者自控或麻醉医生靶控给予雷米芬太尼更加合适UPPP清醒经鼻气管插管时镇静镇痛.     

咪唑安定复合芬太尼在硬膜外麻醉中的应用

目的探讨咪唑安定(力月西,Midazolam)与芬太尼(Fentanyl)联合在硬膜外麻醉中的镇静程度、遗忘及抑制内脏牵拉反应的作用。方法将择期腹部手术行硬膜外麻醉患者60例,随机分为2组(Ⅰ,Ⅱ组)各30例,Ⅰ组静注咪唑安定(力月西)0.04 mg/kg,2 min后静注芬太尼0.75μg/kg;Ⅱ组静注氟哌定0.05 mg/kg 芬太尼0.75μg/kg。两组术中酌情追加首次剂量的1/3~1/2。注药后不同时段记录镇静情况,以改良警觉/镇静观察评分法(OAA/S),观察HR、SBP、DBP和SPO2及术中牵拉反应情况。结果两组在术中的镇静效果无差异,术毕Ⅰ组较Ⅱ组苏醒快,能产生较深的遗忘作用,且能更好的抑制内脏牵拉反应。结论只要加强术中管理,咪唑安定(力月西)复合芬太尼在硬膜外麻醉中能够替代芬氟合剂。     

布托啡诺复合咪唑安定用于非全麻术中镇痛镇静的临床观察

目的观察布托啡诺复合咪唑安定用于非全麻术中镇痛镇静的效果。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,在腰硬联合麻醉下行下腹部及下肢手术患者150例,随机分三组。A组于切皮前静注布托啡诺10μg/kg＋咪唑安定0.04mg/kg;B组于切皮前静注布托啡诺20μg/kg＋咪唑安定0.04mg/kg;C组于切皮前静注哌替啶1mg/kg＋氟哌利多0.05mg/kg.,分别记录给药前（T0）、给药后5min（T1）、给药后10min（T2）、给药后30min（T3）、及苏醒后（T4）各时点的HR、MAP、RR、SpO2,并行警觉/镇静评分（OAA/S）。结果 B组T1时的RR、SpO2明显低于T0时（P〈0.05）;C组T1、T2时的RR、SpO2显著低于T0时（P〈0.01）;三组T1、T2、T3时OAA/S评分均显著低于T0时（P〈0.01）;A、B两组的顺行性遗忘作用显著优于C组（P〈0.01）;A组的呼吸抑制、低血压、恶心呕吐等不良反应明显少于C组（P〈0.05）。结论布托啡诺10μg/kg复合咪唑安定0.04mg/kg用于非全麻术中镇痛镇静效果确切,顺行性遗忘作用良好,不良反应少。     

咪芬合剂与氟芬合剂辅助应用于硬膜外麻醉

目的 比较咪芬合剂与氟芬合剂辅助应用于硬膜外麻醉的镇静与遗忘效果.方法 选择Ⅰ～Ⅱ级下腹部手术病人50例随机分为两组,A组(咪芬合剂组),静注咪唑安定0.06mg/kg芬太尼1.0μg/kg;B组(氟芬合剂组),静注氟哌利多0.2mg/kg+芬太尼1.0μg/kg.两组均在手术者开始消毒皮肤时静注辅助药,记录麻醉前、麻醉平面固定时,给药时(5、10、20、30min)的:HR、SBP、DBP、SPO2、RR.用镇静观察评分法(OAA/S)记录患者镇静程度及术后24h调查病人的遗忘情况.结果 A组给药后5、10、20min HR较给药时明显减慢,DBF较给药时有明显下降,B组给药5min RR较给药时下降,而给药后各时点SBP和DBP与给药时相比无明显差异,SPO2两组之间无统计学意义.给药后10、20、30min时OAA/S评分两组间差异有统计学意义.给药后1h及24h遗忘评定Ⅲ级者两组间差异显著.结论 咪芬合剂组起效快,对呼吸循环影响小,镇静、顺行性遗忘作用优于氟芬合剂.     

咪芬合剂持续输注辅助硬膜外麻醉镇静

目的 探讨咪芬合剂持续输注辅助硬膜外麻醉镇静的临床实用效果.方法 择期硬膜外麻醉行下肢或下腹部手术病人60例,随机分为3组,每组20例.切皮前Ⅰ、Ⅱ组以0.04m g/kg、Ⅱ组0.06m g/kg咪唑安定各加芬太尼1.0ug/kg静脉注射,Ⅲ组静注后继以咪唑安定0.04mg.kg-1.h-1+芬太尼0.2ug.kg-1.h-1持续静脉输注至缝皮时.记录给药前、给药后5、10、30、60分钟、缝皮时和手术结束时七时点的镇静程度评分(OAA/S)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)和术中不良反应.结果 Ⅱ组给药后5分钟和10分钟MAP和SpO2 均有降低,与给药前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).给药后5分钟内3组OAA/S均在2-4分之间;Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在10分钟和30分钟后大于4分; Ⅲ组至缝皮时镇静呈平稳状态,OAA/S维持在3分左右,手术结束时大于4分.Ⅱ组5、10、30分钟三时点和Ⅲ组给药后至缝皮时各时点OAA/S值与Ⅰ组同时点比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组同时点比较,30分钟、60分钟、缝皮时三时点OAA/S值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 ).结论 咪芬合剂持续输注有效维持手术全程平稳的镇静状态,避免术中清醒,临床效果优于单次静脉注射应用.     

肾移植患者术前咪唑安定的最佳剂量探讨

目的 探讨慢性肾功能不全患者术前咪唑安定的最佳剂量.方法 60例患者随机分为Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ3组,分别于术前肌肉注射0.05,0.075,0.1 mg/kg的咪唑安定,观察给药前,给药后10,20,30 min时患者心率,血压,血氧饱和度的变化,以及相应时间点的镇静评分和上呼吸道通畅度评分,术后随访了解患者的顺行性遗忘情况.结果 Ⅲ组患者注药后20 min时的血氧饱和度显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P＜0.05),Ⅲ组有4例患者因为血氧饱和度低于93%而需面罩给氧;给药后的镇静评分Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在10,20,30 min同Ⅰ组相比都有显著差异(分别是P＜0.05和P＜0.01);呼吸道通畅度评分Ⅲ组患者与Ⅰ组患者在10,20,30 min差异都有显著性(P＜0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组相比差异无显著性,Ⅲ组有4例患者出现呼吸道梗阻,需依赖辅助呼吸才能维持通气;对入手术室后外周静脉穿刺的遗忘率比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组患者与Ⅰ组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组之间无差异.结论 对于慢性肾功能不全行肾移植的患者,术前0.075 mg/kg的咪唑安定是比较合适的剂量,既可以达到镇静、遗忘作用,又不至于引起明显的呼吸抑制.     

丙泊酚、咪唑安定与芬太尼复合麻醉在结肠镜检查中的临床观察

目的:探讨丙泊酚、咪唑安定与芬太尼复合麻醉应用于无痛结肠镜检查的镇静作用及对呼吸循环的影响.方法:选择结肠镜检查患者120例,随机分为3组,每组40例.Ⅰ组丙泊酚2mg/kg组,Ⅱ组丙泊酚2mg/kg、芬太尼1μg/kg组,Ⅲ组丙泊酚1mg/kg、咪唑安定0.05mg/kg与芬太尼1μg/kg组.观察术中镇静程度及记忆缺失、苏醒时间、HR、SBP、DBP和脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化.结果:Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组BP、SpO2下降比Ⅲ组显著(p＜0.05).Ⅱ、Ⅲ两组镇静程度与体动等不良反应相仿,且均优于Ⅰ组.结论:丙泊酚、咪唑安定与芬太尼复合麻醉应用于无痛结肠镜检查是安全有效的.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.