小儿胰腺囊肿的诊治体会

目的: 探讨小儿胰腺囊肿的病因、诊断和治疗.方法: 回顾分析1988~2000年收治的15例小儿胰腺囊肿临床资料,其中真性囊肿2例,假性囊肿13例.经皮穿刺置管引流10例,囊肠内引流2例,囊肿及部分胰腺切除3例.结果: 15例均痊愈出院,B超随访1年以上无复发.结论: 真性囊肿多表现为腹部无痛性肿块,术前不易确诊;假性囊肿常有明显的外伤、手术或胰腺炎史,结合B超、CT不难诊断.前者应手术切除,后者首选置管引流,疗效满意.     

小网膜囊内持续闭式冲洗引流术治疗重症急性胰腺炎

目的: 探讨重症急性胰腺炎小网膜囊内持续闭式冲洗引流术的疗效. 方法: 对18例重症急性胰腺炎行小网膜囊内持续闭式冲洗引流术,并进行随访观察. 结果: 16例治愈,2例死亡.术后1年内慢性胰腺炎1例,胰腺萎缩1例,糖尿病3例.无胰腺假性囊肿形成. 结论: 该术式治疗重症急性胰腺炎疗效佳.     

胰腺囊肿性疾病69例诊治体会

目的 总结胰腺囊肿性疾病的诊断和治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析69例胰腺囊肿性疾病的分类、诊断和治疗方法、手术时机、手术方式以及疗效.结果 31例肿瘤性囊腺瘤中,3例作局部切除术,17例作胰体尾部切除术,3例胰尾+脾脏切除术,1例仅作囊肿-空肠Roux-Y吻合术,4例施行胰头十二指肠切除术,1例仅作T管架桥胆-肠内引流术,2例作胰颈体中段切除术;全组无并发症与死亡,23例囊腺瘤均无瘤存活,8例(100%)囊腺癌存活1年,7例(87%)存活3年,4例(50%)存活5年.38例胰腺假性囊肿中,6例保守治愈,2例置管外引流、4例手术外引流痊愈;26例内引流术中包括1例囊肿-胃吻合术、1例囊肿-十二指肠吻合术、2例囊肿-空肠襻式吻合术、21例囊肿-空肠Roux-Y吻合术,1例囊肿切除术均获得成功.6例部分性肠梗阻、2例吻合口瘘、1例外引流囊内出血均治愈无死亡;31例(81.6%)随访2年以上无复发.结论 胰腺肿瘤性囊肿一经诊断,均应考虑手术切除为妥;对于急性胰腺假性囊肿先观察6周,未能消退者亦应考虑手术治疗.     

胃脾区区域性门静脉高压症的诊治

目的 探讨胃脾区区域性门静脉高压症(GSSPH)的诊断和治疗. 方法 回顾性分析7例GSSPH的临床表现、病因、诊断和治疗方式. 结果 GSSPH主要病因为胰体尾肿瘤和假性囊肿、慢性胰腺炎、后腹膜淋巴瘤.术前明确诊断5例,手术7例. 结论 GSSPH是一种能够治愈的疾病,通常伴有胰腺疾病、脾功能亢进和孤立性胃底静脉曲张,但肝功能正常.行病灶切除加脾切除疗效较好.     

经皮穿刺引流和手术治疗胰腺假性囊肿40例

目的 观察经皮穿刺引流和手术治疗胰腺假性囊肿的疗效.方法 分析2007 年1 月至2010 年12 月在我院消化科和普外科住院治疗的保守治疗无效的病例资料齐全胰腺假性囊肿患者的所有临床资料.根据治疗方法,分为经皮穿刺引流和外科手术两组.随访3 个月~2 年.结果 40 例患者,男23 例,女17 例,年龄16~65 岁(平均43.1 岁).治疗总有效率100.0%,首次治愈率87.5%.经皮穿刺引流组8 例,首次治愈5 例(治愈率62.5%),余3 例手术治愈;外科手术组32 例,首次治愈30 例(治愈率93.8%),术后复发2 例,1 例再次手术治愈,1 例引流治愈.穿刺引流组和外科手术组疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 穿刺引流与手术均是治疗胰腺假性囊肿的可靠疗法,穿刺引流为微创,如不成功再行手术无特殊影响.外科手术疗效好,疗程短,相对穿刺引流创伤较大.     

肝外伤修补术后假性肝囊肿诊治体会

目的 探讨肝外伤修补术后假性肝囊肿的临床特点和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2011年6例肝外伤修补术后假性肝囊肿的临床资料,比较其临床特征和不同的治疗方法.结果 6例假性肝囊肿的治疗效果均满意,其中5例行穿刺置管引流,1例行保守治疗,所有患者在经治后囊肿消失.结论 肝外伤修补术后出现的假性肝囊肿应予以早期治疗,对于较大的假性肝囊肿,建议行置管引流术,而直径小于2 cm假性肝囊肿建议行保守治疗.     

保留十二指肠的胰头切除术治疗胰腺囊腺癌

目的: 探讨胰腺囊腺癌的临床特点和治疗策略.方法: 回顾分析8例胰腺囊腺癌病人的诊断过程和治疗方法.结果: 8例病人中肿瘤位于胰头颈部5例,体尾部3例;保留十二指肠的胰头切除术4例,胰头十二指肠切除术1例,胰体尾联合脾切除术1例,有2例行囊肿内引流及外引流术,平均随访12.4个月,未切除肿瘤病人生存时间分别为6个月和10个月.结论: 胰腺囊腺癌的诊断困难,了解其临床及术中特点有助于减少误诊,治疗方法以局部切除为好.     

闭合性胰腺损伤49例诊治分析

目的 总结闭合性胰腺损伤的诊治经验.方法 分析1995-2010年闭合性胰腺损伤49例临床资料.结果 本组通过B超、CT检查明确诊断27例,手术探查发现21例,漏诊1例.非手术治疗5例,胰腺清创缝合引流26例,胰体尾部切除术8例,胰腺头断端包埋、远端胰腺空肠Roux-Y吻合术4例,十二指肠憩室化3例,胰十二指肠切除术3例.治愈46例,死亡3例,并发胰腺假性囊肿9例,胰漏7例.结论 CT检查及剖腹探查仍是诊断胰腺损伤的重要手段,胰腺损伤的部位、程度及有无主胰管损伤是决定是否手术及术式选择的主要依据,正确的围手术期处理可减少并发症.     

胰腺损伤21例临床分析

目的 探讨胰腺损伤的诊断和处理方法.方法 :总结分析近年来收治的21例胰腺损伤病人的临床资料及诊治经过.结果 :本组21例,死亡4例,胰瘘3例,其余全部治愈.结论 :胰腺损伤的诊断关键是医师要有警惕性,胆总管引流和彭氏"捆绑式胰肠吻合法"是防止胰漏的有效方法 ,应强调综合性治疗对胰腺损伤的重要性.     

胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤诊治分析

目的: 探讨胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤的诊断和治疗效果.方法: 回顾分析15例胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤的临床资料.男6例,女9例;8例胰腺黏液性囊腺瘤,7例胰腺黏液性囊腺癌(1.14∶1);肿瘤位于胰头部3例(20%),胰体尾部10例(66.7%),胰尾部2例(13.3%).胰十二指肠切除术2例,胰腺体尾部+脾切除术8例,胰尾+脾切除术2例,胰腺囊腺瘤切除术1例,胰腺囊肿-空肠吻合内引流术1例,胰腺囊肿外引流术1例.结果: 随访10~15年,8例囊腺瘤均无瘤存活;7例囊腺癌中4例(57.1%)存活5年,2例(28.5%)存活3年,1例(14.2%)存活率1年.结论: 囊腺癌属于低度恶性肿瘤,根治性切除术效果良好.     

腹腔镜下外引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿合并感染

【摘要】 目的 探讨腹腔镜下外引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿合并感染的安全性和可行性。方法 回顾分析2006年1月至2013年2月在我院肝胆胰外科接受腹腔镜下感染性胰腺假性囊肿外引流术的病例资料共20例(男性15例,女性5例)。结果 全组病人平均手术时间为46.3 min,平均住院时间11.2 d。术后出现胰液外渗并腹腔感染1例、胰瘘形成3例、肺部感染2例。所有病人术后均康复出院。胰腺假性囊肿引流管放置时间平均45.5 d(36~92),拔管后有3例胰腺假性囊肿复发,需行胰腺假性囊肿内引流术。结论 腹腔镜下外引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿合并感染是一种安全可行、创伤小的手术方式。     

The surgical treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. Personal experience.

BACKGROUND: This study is aimed at contributing to defining a correct therapeutic management of pancreatic pseudocysts (PPCs): indications for treatment, operative timing and technical approach. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 28 patients affected by PPC, 22 males (78.5%) and 6 females (21.5%), with a mean age of 52 years (range 17-76) has been performed. The diagnosis was realised by clinical assessment and US (ultrasonography) or CT (computerized tomography) scanning. The treatment consisted in surgical drainage (internal or external) or percutaneous drainage with US guidance: the cystojejunostomy with a Roux-en-Y loop was the first choice technique. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (78.5%) under-went a surgical procedure: 19 cystojejunostomies with a Roux-en-Y loop and 3 external drainages. The mean interval between acute pancreatic event and elective surgery was 9 weeks (range 5-21). Perioperative morbidity and mortality was respectively 22.7% (5/22) and 13.6% (3/22). In 4 cases a percutaneous drainage with US-guidance, without morbidity and mortality was performed, but 2 patients required a successive surgical operation for lack of resolution of the PPC. The last 2 patients of this series recovered spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Currently the cystojejunostomy with a Roux-en-Y loop remains the first choice technique for an elective and definitive treatment of PPCs: other techniques (endoscopic internal drainage, surgical or percutaneous external drainage) should be limited to complicated PPCs or to high surgical risk patients. A waiting period of 4-6 weeks following the acute pancreatic event is considered the minimal time necessary before the elective treatment.     

胰腺假性囊肿的诊治

目的 探讨胰腺假性囊肿（ＰＰＣ）的有效诊治方法。方法 对１０５例ＰＰＣ患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 ４１例行逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）和／呀窦道造影检查,１６例（３９．０２％）被证实囊肿与胰管交通。保守治疗治愈例此皮穿刺置管引流２０例,复发５例。手术治疗５４例（包括非手术治疗后中转手术５例）,行囊肿空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ吻合术３０例,复发３例;囊肿胃吻合术９例,并发胃出血２例,其中１例死亡;     

Laparoendoscopic approach to pancreatic pseudocysts

The indications and timing for pseudocysts drainage have evolved, as well as the role for percutaneous, endoscopic, or surgical drainage. Of the many treatment options available to patients with pancreatic pseudocysts, laparoscopic drainage is becoming more widespread because it allows for definitive drainage with faster patient recovery.     

Management of pancreatic pseudocysts

BACKGROUND: This review analyses the outcome for patients with acute and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts managed in two major referral centres. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1987 to 1997, 33 patients were treated with either acute (n = 19) or chronic (n = 14) pseudocysts. Procedures performed included cystgastrostomy (64%), cystduodenostomy (6%), cystjejunostomy (3%), distal pancreatectomy with resection of pseudocyst (12%), laparotomy with external drainage (9%), endoscopic transpapillary stenting (3%) and endoscopic pancreatic duct sphincterotomy with percutaneous drainage of the pseudocyst (3%). RESULTS: All patients had resolution of their pseudocyst and no patient developed recurrence. There were no deaths in this series. There was a 9% incidence of major complications and a 21% incidence of minor complications. Outcome was excellent in 63% and good in 27% of patients. Two patients (6%) had persistent chronic pain and one patient (3%) had evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with malabsorption. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts can be performed safely with low morbidity and mortality provided patients are carefully selected and their medical management is optimized. Although minimally invasive techniques now offer a variety of treatment options, open surgical drainage is still indicated for a significant number of cases.     

Conservative treatment as an option in the management of pancreatic pseudocyst

BACKGROUND: Management of pancreatic pseudocysts is associated with considerable morbidity (15-25%). Traditionally, pancreatic pseudocysts have been drained because of the perceived risks of complications including infection, rupture or haemorrhage. We have adopted a more conservative approach with drainage only for uncontrolled pain or gastric outlet obstruction. This study reports our experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 36 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts were treated over an 11-year period in one district general hospital serving a population of 310,000. This study group comprised of 19 men and 17 women with a median age of 55 years (range, 10-88 years). Twenty-two patients had a preceding attack of acute pancreatitis whilst 12 patients had clinical and radiological evidence of chronic pancreatitis. The aetiology comprised of gallstones (16), alcohol (5), trauma (2), tumour (2), hyperlipidaemia (1) and idiopathic (10). RESULTS: All patients were initially managed conservatively and intervention, either by radiological-assisted external drainage or cyst-enteric drainage (by surgery or endoscopy), was only performed for persisting symptoms or complications. Patients treated conservatively had 6 monthly follow-up abdominal ultrasound scans (USS) for 1 year. Fourteen of the 36 patients (39%) were successfully managed conservatively, whilst 22 patients required intervention either by percutaneous radiological drainage (12), by endoscopic cystogastrostomy (1) or by open surgical cyst-enteric anastomosis (9). Median size of the pancreatic pseudocysts in the 14 patients managed conservatively (7 cm) was nearly similar to that of the 22 patients requiring intervention (8 cm). The most common indications for invasive intervention in the 22 patients were persistent pain (16), gastric outlet obstruction (4), jaundice (1) and dyspepsia with weight loss (1). Although one patient required surgery for persistent pain, no other patients required urgent or scheduled surgery for complications of untreated pancreatic pseudocysts. Two of the 12 patients treated by percutaneous radiological drainage had recurrence of pancreatic pseudocysts requiring surgery. Two patients developed an intra-abdominal abscess following cyst-enteric drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and one patient had a pulmonary embolism. On the mean follow-up of 37.3 months, one patient with alcoholic pancreatitis died 5 months after surgical cyst-enteric bypass. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that many patients with pancreatic pseudocysts can be managed conservatively if presenting symptoms can be controlled.     

The role of percutaneous radiologic interventions in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts

Authors evaluate the indications and results of percutaneous puncture and drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. The interventions were performed in 20 patients. The first line treatment is usually surgical. Percutaneous drainage or aspiration is suggested if the patient is symptomatic, the size of pseudocyst is between 3 and 6 cms and when it can be punctured using radiological procedures, without the risk of damaging other organs. Previous peripancreatic operation, high-risk surgical intervention and the refusal of the operation by the patient should also be considered. Percutaneous drainage is an alternative method for the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. The advantages of this procedure are: It is minimally invasive, complications are rare and reintervention is possible. Disadvantage is high risk of recurrence.     

超声内镜引导下穿刺引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿

目的探讨超声内镜引导下经胃肠壁穿刺置管引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的疗效及并发症。方法选择2004年8月至2011年3月胰腺假性囊肿患者28例,首先使用线阵型超声内镜扫查,明确病变部位后选择合适穿刺点,导丝沿穿刺针道进入囊肿,沿导丝放置双猪尾硅胶支架1～3支。术后定期随访,囊肿消失后拔除支架。结果本组28例患者,穿刺引流成功25例,成功率为89．3％,其中经胃19例,经十二指肠6例。发生并发症3例,支架移位、出血、感染各1例。随访8—34个月,19例假性囊肿完全消失,6例腹痛症状消失、囊肿明显缩小、但持续存在2年以上,所有患者均未见假性囊肿复发。结论超声内镜引导下经胃肠壁穿刺置管引流术是治疗胰腺假性囊肿的较好方法之一,其疗效确切,并发症少。     

The role of pancreatic resection in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts

Complicated pancreatic pseudocysts, including multiple pseudocysts, those that have failed prior internal or external drainage, those with associated biliary or pancreatic duct strictures and those where the diagnosis of cystic neoplasm cannot be excluded, pose unique problems in terms of treatment by standard internal or external drainage techniques. In the series reported herein, pancreatic resection (pylorus-sparing pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy) was used to treat patients with these complicated pseudocyts resulting in a 59% morbidity rate, 3% mortality rate, and 6% recurrence rate. Results from a collective series of 152 patients from the literature support these findings. Although pancreatic resection has a limited role in the management of patients with uncomplicated pancreatic pseudocysts, it is the treatment of choice in patients with complicated pancreatic pseudocysts.     

Pancreatic pseudocysts: a proposed classification and its management implications

Pancreatic pseudocysts in 83 patients were classified according to clinical and radiographic criteria. Group I (45 patients) had acute, 'post-necrotic' pseudocysts with normal pancreatic duct anatomy and rarely duct-pseudocyst communication. Percutaneous drainage was curative in all patients in whom it was used. Group II (26 patients) included 'post-necrotic' pseudocysts developing in patients already suffering from chronic pancreatitis. The pancreatic duct was diseased but not strictured, and duct-pseudocyst communication was often present. Percutaneous drainage is possible for such patients but it may have to be prolonged; surgical internal drainage was usually successful. Group III (12 patients) had chronic 'retention' pseudocysts. The pancreatic duct was grossly diseased and strictured and duct-pseudocyst communication was present in all cases. Percutaneous drainage is contraindicated and surgical internal drainage has a high recurrence rate. Operative procedures in this group should address the specific ductal pathology. An improved classification of pseudocysts could help the surgeon to choose the most appropriate form of treatment.