耳内镜在后鼓室探查中的应用

目的：探讨耳内镜在后鼓室探查中的应用。方法2011～2012年于本院治疗的慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤患者20例,手术显微镜下行乳突根治加鼓室成形术,术中联合应用硬质耳内镜行后鼓室探查。术后随访1年,观察疗效。结果20例均在术后3～4周干耳,中位数3周。术后1年鼓膜形态、色泽良好。大部分患耳纯音听阈气骨导差缩小,听力提高。结论手术显微镜联合耳内镜行中耳乳突手术,能更好地清除后鼓室病灶,提高手术成功率并提高听力。     

耳内镜下鼓室探查和鼓室成形术可行性及疗效分析

目的　探讨耳内镜下鼓室探查和鼓室成形术治疗中耳常见病变的可行性及疗效。方法　30例耳漏伴听力下降患者,包括慢性单纯性中耳炎12例、粘连性中耳炎5例、鼓室硬化6例、中耳胆脂瘤7例。均行耳内镜下鼓室探查+鼓室成形术,根据病变情况行病变清除、外耳道重建、听骨链重建、鼓膜成形等。观察患者鼓膜愈合率、干耳率、听力效果等。结果　28例患者鼓膜修复良好,愈合率93.3%,2例遗留小穿孔,经搔刮穿孔边缘后愈合,均达到干耳。术前平均气导（52.41±19.89）dB,术后（38.11±18.36）dB,差异有统计学意义（t =9.221,P =0.000）;术前平均骨导（19.93±16.31）dB,术后（20.21±16.22）dB,差异无统计学意义（t =-2.623,P =0.014）;术前平均气骨导差（32.49±10.74）dB,术后（17.81±9.42）dB,差异有统计学意义（t =9.730,P =0.000）。对不同疾病分组,各组间术前的平均气导、骨导及气骨导差之间比较,差异均无统计学意义。各组间术后平均气导、骨导及气骨导差之间比较,差异均无统计学意义。30例患者保留鼓索神经21例,占70%;术后面瘫0例;术后眩晕3例,均为轻度;术后骨导明显提高者0例。结论　耳内镜手术适应证广,适应于各种中耳疾病,总体效果满意。耳内镜下手术具有微创、美观等特点,去除骨质较少,易于重建修复。耳内镜下外耳道、中耳手术具有良好的安全性及有效性,值得推广。     

联合进路鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎

目的:探讨联合进路鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎的疗效.方法:对32例、34耳采用联合进路手术清除中耳乳突病变,同时一期完成鼓室成形术.结果:术后随访1～5年,鼓膜全部愈合, 形态良好,内陷2耳,无胆脂瘤复发.语言频率平均气导听力提高15dB以上31耳,占91.1%.结论:只要严格掌握手术适应证,正确彻底清除中耳乳突病变组织,可重建听力,术后获得满意疗效.     

复发胆脂瘤的耳内镜手术

目的探讨耳内镜手术在复发胆脂瘤治疗中的应用价值.方法23例复发胆脂瘤患者接受耳内镜手术治疗.结果术后重新开放的中耳乳突腔都在4周内干耳,3例同期鼓室成形者鼓膜愈合良好,3个月后听力平均提高20 dBHL(PTA).无迷路瘘、面瘫,中后颅底损伤等并发症发生,术后经2～17个月随访,胆脂瘤无复发.结论耳内镜复发胆脂瘤手术视野清晰,操作方便,许多患者可在门诊局麻下接受手术,具有良好的应用价值.     

耳内镜下经外耳道切除上鼓室胆脂瘤35例疗效分析

目的探讨耳内镜下经外耳道入路治疗上鼓室胆脂瘤的可行性、手术方法及疗效。方法回顾分析2014年1月～2017年1月在徐州市中心医院接受耳内镜手术的35例（35耳）中耳上鼓室胆脂瘤患者的临床资料。35例患者中男20例，女15例；年龄22～66岁，平均年龄42.8岁；病程2～20个月，平均10个月。所有患者均在全麻耳内镜下手术，根据胆脂瘤大小决定手术范围。12例行上鼓室重建，10耳听骨链破坏或缺失者，行部分人工听骨重建（partial ossicular replacement prosthesis，PORP）。结果35耳上鼓室胆脂瘤病灶均彻底清除，未出现面瘫及脑脊液漏等并发症。所有患者术后随访1年以上，患者鼓膜愈合良好，移植物形态良好。耳内镜检查或者颞骨薄层CT检查未见胆脂瘤复发，术后听力提高22例（62.8%），听力无变化10例（28.6%），听力下降3例（8.6%），平均气导听阈与气骨导差均有改善，术后0.5、1、2、4 kHz平均气导听阈为（29.234±8.38）dB，与术前的（43.64±8.38）dB比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；术后0.5、1、2、4 kHz平均气骨导差值为（15.27±6.74）dB，与术前的（28.27±5.94）dB比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论耳内镜下经外耳道上鼓室胆脂瘤切除术是有效的手术方法，复发率低，听力改善明显，与传统显微镜手术相比有优越性。     

耳内镜下经耳道入路中耳胆脂瘤手术疗效分析

目的　探讨耳内镜下经耳道入路中耳胆脂瘤手术的可行性及疗效。方法　回顾性分析2016年12月～2018年12月我科58例中耳胆脂瘤患者采用耳内镜下经外耳道 入路鼓室探查术+鼓室成形术+/- 改良乳突根治术,观察术后3个月鼓膜愈合率,比较术前及术后3个月平均气导听阈及气骨导差。结果　58例患者术后3 个月鼓 膜愈合56例（占96.55%）,因感染继发性穿孔2例（占3.45%）,均在门诊耳内镜下处理后完全愈合。58例患者术前平均气导听阈（49.02±20.06）dB HL,术后3个月平均气导听阈（35.58±15.68）dB HL,两者比较差异有统计学意义（t =5.65,P＜0.05）。58例患者术前平均气骨导差（34.40±28.10）dB HL,术后3个月平均气骨导差（18.32±10.63）dB HL,两者比较差异有统计学意义（t =13.10,P＜0.05）。术后无1例严重感音神经性聋,无面瘫及眩晕并发症。结论　耳内镜下经外耳道入路中耳胆脂瘤手术具有可行性高、手术时间较短、术中出血量少、术后干耳时间短、术后鼓膜愈合率高、听力改善效果良好、并发症少等优点。     

开放式鼓室成形术疗效观察

用开放式鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤型及非胆脂瘤型慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎51例、56耳,术后经1～5年随访,语言频率平均气导听力提高15dB以上44耳,占78.7%,干耳、鼓膜愈合良好53耳,占94.5%.对病灶清除操作要点及注意事项进行了讨论.     

上鼓室胆脂瘤与听骨链重建术

目的探讨上鼓室胆脂瘤患者在凿开上鼓室,清除胆脂瘤组织后重建上鼓室壁并一期听骨链恢复传音功能的方法和效果.方法对上鼓室胆脂瘤23例行上鼓室凿开术,清除胆脂瘤上皮组织;酌情剪除锤骨头,取出砧骨体,然后行镫骨头上加高或锤骨长柄、镫骨头连接术.观察术后鼓膜愈合及听力恢复情况.结果随访23例4～12年,20例鼓膜愈合良好,2例鼓膜后上方外移,1例鼓膜发生2mm穿孔并且胆脂瘤复发.术后气骨导差值＜10dB 8例,＜20dB 6例,＜30dB 6例,30dB以上3例.以镫骨头上加高听力恢复最好.结论上鼓室胆脂瘤患者应以清除胆脂瘤上皮为前提,清除病变后根据情况重建上鼓室壁和听骨链,有助于恢复听力.     

鼓膜修补术后中耳炎复发原因分析

目的分析中耳炎患者鼓膜修补术后复发的原因。方法 2007～2010年49例显微镜下鼓膜修补术后中耳炎复发患者,经超过1个月药物治疗无效后,行耳内镜下探查术,总结术后复发原因。结果 49例中,5例咽鼓管鼓口阻塞,24例存在鼓峡部阻塞伴完全性张肌皱襞,14例存在鼓峡部阻塞伴上鼓室垂直粘连带,8例存在上鼓室粘膜上皮化封闭鼓峡,9例鼓窦入口狭窄,12例面神经隐窝及鼓室窦未完全开放,8例乳突气房未完全开放;49例中单一部位阻塞者19例,有2处及以上部位阻塞者30例。耳内镜下确认并解除中耳通气阻塞部位,术后随访1年,干耳率98%。结论中耳炎行鼓膜修补术后复发与中耳腔的气流通道阻塞有关,术中应畅通中耳通气引流,提高手术成功率。     

胆脂瘤型骨疡型中耳乳突炎外科治疗的合理选择

目的探讨并评价胆脂瘤型/骨疡型中耳乳突炎外科治疗的合理选择和术式改进.方法对61例(6 2耳)胆脂瘤型和/或骨疡型中耳乳突炎住院病例施行完整骨桥式乳突手术(intact-bridge tympanomastoidectomy,IBM),对原术式进行若干改进.开放上鼓室、鼓窦及乳突,切除骨性外耳道后壁、经面神经隐窝开放后鼓室.保留低位骨桥以维持中耳腔容积,去除不可逆病灶,同期或分期进行鼓室成形术. 结果随访12～38个月,其中51/ 62耳(82.2%)≥2年,干耳时间5～13周(平均6周).术后纯音测听气骨导差(air-bone gap, ABG)≤20dB HL 15/62耳(24.2%),21～30dB HL26/62耳(41.9%),≥31dB HL1 0/62耳(16.1%). 结论 IBM手术将开放式与闭合式技术相结合,兼备二者的优点,符合清除病灶并保存听力的耳外科原则,为慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎的外科治疗提供了又一合理的选择.     

伴有面隐窝开放的保留骨桥式乳突鼓室成形术

目的 分析胆脂瘤性中耳乳突炎的保留骨桥式乳突鼓室成形术(intact-bridge tympanomastoidectomy,IBM)术中面神经隐窝开放技术及其临床应用和远期治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2000至2003年随访3年以上的63例(65耳)IBM术中开放面神经隐窝治疗的脂瘤性中耳炎病例的临床资料及随访结果 .在保留低位骨桥的解剖关系下,仍能安全开放面神经隐窝,有效清除后鼓室区域的隐匿病灶.结果 本组术后干耳时间4～13周,平均6.2周.62耳术后乳突腔上皮化良好,移植鼓膜愈合,干耳率95%(59/65).3耳耳漏及2耳胆脂瘤珠残留,经再次手术愈合.术后气骨导间距缩小值＞10 dB 60耳;平均语言频率气导听阈提高值为(18.5±7.3)dB.结论 基于术前颞骨高分辨CT,结合术中所见,在IBM手术中应用面神经隐窝开放技术,适用于后鼓室区域的探查与病灶清除,有助于减少术中残留和术后复发、提高远期效果.     

保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨局限于上鼓室区病变的慢性化脓性中耳炎、中耳胆脂瘤行上鼓室径路保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术的长期临床疗效.方法 诊断慢性化脓性中耳炎、中耳胆脂瘤47例(47耳)患者,结合患者专科检查,依据手术方式不同分A、B两组,A组行上鼓室径路保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术,B组行完壁式乳突切开+鼓室成形术.术后随访5～7...     

耳道径路全内镜下中耳胆脂瘤切除术可行性分析

目的探讨耳道径路全内镜下中耳胆脂瘤切除术的临床疗效及可行性。方法回顾江门中心医院2014年7月～2018年8月采用耳道径路全内镜下切除的30例中耳胆脂瘤患者的临床资料。30例患者中19例胆脂瘤局限于中耳鼓室腔,未超越鼓窦入口;11例患者胆脂瘤超越鼓窦入口,侵及鼓窦但未累及乳突腔。结果30例患者术后鼓膜均一期愈合,无一例出现严重感音神经性耳聋、面瘫、眩晕及脑膜炎等并发症。术后患耳听力改善者27例,听力无改善者3例;术后1个月内干耳者25例,1~2个月干耳者5例。随访至今,所有患者均未出现胆脂瘤复发,无二次手术者。结论耳道径路全内镜下中耳胆脂瘤切除术是一种安全有效的手术方法。该术式具有视野广阔清晰、操作简单、美容、术中出血少、创伤小、并发症少及术后恢复快优点,值得临床推广。     

One-stage surgery of middle ear cholesteatoma in adults: apropos of 180 cases]

OBJECTIVES: In order to evaluate the results of tympanoplasty in one stage middle ear cholesteatoma surgery, a retrospective study of 180 consecutive cholesteatomas operated on was undertaken. METHODS: 150 single procedures and 30 revision surgeries realized between 1992 and 1997 were analysed by studying anatomical and functional results with a mean follow-up of 24 months. RESULTS: Among the 150 adult patients, 85 (57%) were previously operated on in other centres and presented a recurrence of cholesteatoma. Closed technique was performed in 110 cases (61%) and opened one in the remaining cases (41%). Ossiculoplasty was made in 101 cases (56%) with different materials (15 incus autografts, 14 teflon prosthesis, 35 hydroxyapatite (HA) composite prosthesis and 37 all in HA prosthesis): 91 cases in a one-stage procedure but 10 worse functional results required a closed revision procedure. Twenty cases were also revised after one year of follow up at least: six recurrences of cholesteatoma were operated on by using canal down mastoidectomy (4%), 14 limited residual cholesteatomas (9.3%) had a revision closed technique procedure. CT Scan followed up all the patients operated on by a closed technique. Postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was 20 +/- 11.3 dB and 27 +/- 10.1 dB in closed and opened techniques, respectively (p < 0.05). ABG was 20 +/- 9.2 dB and 26 +/- 13 dB in type II and type III tympanoplasty, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: If the tympanic and posterior cavities are reasonably safe, middle ear cholesteatoma in adults can be well cured by a one-stage procedure including ossicular chain reconstruction with hydroxylapatite prosthesis covered with cartilage graft who achieved a valuable hearing restoration.     

Hearing results of canal wall reconstruction tympanoplasty for middle ear cholesteatoma in children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate post-operative hearing results in children with middle ear cholesteatoma, and to analyze the correlation between hearing results and clinical factors and findings before and during the operation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-four ears of 123 children were operated on for middle ear cholesteatoma at the age of 10 years or younger by canal wall reconstruction tympanoplasty and were followed up more than 1 year after the final operation. We evaluated the average air and bone conduction hearing levels at the speech ranges before the first operation (pre-operative hearing) and after the final operation (post-operative hearing). RESULTS: The mean of the average air conduction hearing level of 124 ears was significantly improved from 34.7 to 27.1 dB after the final operation. Among them, 84 ears (67.8%) showed a hearing level of 30 dB or less post-operatively. Post-operative hearing was better in the one-stage group than in the staged group. However, more than one-half of the ears which underwent type IV tympanoplasty in the staged group showed post-operative air conduction hearing level of < or =30 dB. Significant improvement in post-operative hearing was noted in ears with normal middle ear mucosa or middle ear effusion at the final operation. No correlation between hearing improvement and clinical factors such as age, type of cholesteatoma or presence of otitis media with effusion at the first operation was found. CONCLUSIONS: Children with middle ear cholesteatoma at the age of 10 years or younger exhibited good hearing post-operatively. Satisfactory hearing improvement is expected even in ears without the superstructure of the stapes if staged tympanoplasty is conducted. Canal wall reconstruction tympanoplasty for pediatric cholesteatoma was successful in terms of hearing results and the success was unrelated to various clinical factors.     

10例先天性中耳胆脂瘤临床分析

目的：探讨先天性中耳胆脂瘤的临床特征及手术方法。方法：回顾性分析10例先天性中耳胆脂瘤患者的临床资料。5例经耳内途径行鼓室探查并一期鼓室成形术,3例行闭合式乳突根治术及鼓室成形术,2例行开放式乳突根治术及鼓室成形术。结果：术中见5例胆脂瘤局限于中后鼓室,3例位于中鼓室及上鼓室,2例病变范围广泛,侵及乳突。术后6个月平均纯音听阈为30dBHL,气骨导差在20dB以内,复查颞骨CT均未发现胆脂瘤残留和复发。结论：先天性中耳胆脂瘤病变隐匿,常于鼓室前方或后方,易破坏听骨链,导致传导性聋;影像学检查可为诊断及术式选择提供依据;早期手术治疗可获得较好的听力重建效果。     

保留低位骨桥的开放式乳突根治并鼓室成形术65例临床分析

目的 回顾性分析近期本人施行的65例保留低位骨桥的开放式乳突根治鼓室成型手术。方法 回顾分析2003年1月-2004年3月本人实施的65例保留低位骨桥的开放式乳突根治鼓室成型手术病例，其中胆脂瘤型中耳炎41例．骨疡型中耳炎24例介绍其手术方法并对术后干耳率及听力提高情况进行了统计分析。结果所 有病人均获干耳．鼓膜愈合良好，无明显内陷。干耳时间约为1—3个月，术后随访1年，无一例胆脂瘤或中耳炎复发。干耳后的听力恢复较满意。平均气骨导差缩小在10dB以上共占83．6％，其中10—20dB占38．2％，20—30dB占30．5％，〉30dB者14．9％。结论 保留低位骨桥的开放式乳突根治术在治疗胆脂瘤型或严重骨疡型中耳炎中既能保证彻底清除病变又能最大限度提高患耳的听力．是治疗这类疾病一种较好的手术方法。     

The cholesteatomatous ear one year after surgery with obliteration technique

Fifty-seven patients with middle ear cholesteatoma were treated surgically by eradicating the cholesteatoma after a canal wall-down procedure had been performed. During the same session the canal wall was rebuilt with autologous bone, the tympanic membrane repaired with fascia, and the mastoid cavity and epitympanic space obliterated with autologous cortical mastoid bone chips and a retroauricular, anteriorly based muscle flap. One year later a second look procedure was performed in all the patients (N = 57), which permitted the anatomic effects of the obliteration operation to be mapped out before ossicular reconstruction was undertaken. At three, six, and twelve months after the first operation any secretion from the ear was recorded. Recurrent cholesteatoma was not found in any single case, residual cholesteatoma in only three cases (5.3%). The tympanic membrane was intact in fifty-four cases (94.7%) and perforated in three, none of which was combined with a residual cholesteatoma. Even though twenty-four of the fifty-seven cases had a secreting ear before the eradicating operation, fifty-six (98.2%) stayed dry during the year of observation between the two operations. Therefore, with very few exceptions, a dry, cholesteatoma-free ear and an intact tympanic membrane may be expected one year postoperatively in patients with middle ear cholesteatoma surgically treated using the described obliteration technique.     

canal wall reconstruction mastoidectomy

Objective To investigate the advantages of canal wall reconstruction(CWR) mastoidectomy, a single-stage technique for cholesteatoma removal and posterior external canal wall reconstruction, over the open and closed procedures in terms of cholesteatoma recurrence. Methods: Between June 2002 and December 2005, 38 patients (40 ears) with cholesteatoma were admited to Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital and received surgical treatments. Of these patients, 25 were male with ages ranging between 11 and 60 years(mean = 31.6 years) and 13 were female with ages ranging between 20 and 65 years (mean = 38.8 years). Canal wall reconstruction(CWR)mastoidectomy was performed in 31 ears and canal wall down(CWD) mastoidectomy in 9 ears. Concha cartilage was used for ear canal wall reconstruction in 22 of the 31 CWR procedures and cortical mastoid bone was used in the remaining 9 cases. Results At 0.5 to 4 years follow up, all but one patients remained free of signs of cholesteatoma recurrence, i.e., no retraction pocket or cholesteatoma matrix. One patient, a smoker, needed revision surgery due to cholesteatoma recurrence 1.5 year after the initial operation. The recurrence rate was therefore 3.2% (1/31). Cholesteatoma recurrence was monitored using postoperative CT scans whenever possible. In the case that needed a revision procedure, a retraction pocket was identified by otoendoscopy in the pars flacida area that eventually evolved into a cholesteatoma. A pocket extending to the epitympanum filled with cholesteatoma matrix was confirmed during the revision operation, A decision to perform a modified mastoidectomy was made as the patient refused to quit smoking. The mean air-bone gap in pure tone threshold was 45 dB before surgery and 25 dB after(p < 0.05). There was no difference between using concha cartilage and cortical mastoid bone for the reconstruction regarding air-bone gap improvement, CT findings and otoendoscopic results. Conclusion CWR mastoidectomy can be used for most patients with acquired middle ear cholesteatoma, including children. The CWR technique provides improved exposure of the middle ear, especially the anterior epitympanum, without creating a mastoid bowl and reduces the incidence of residual and recurrent disease, including cholesteatoma and otorrhea.     

先天性中耳胆脂瘤

目的探讨先天性中耳胆脂瘤的位置、范围、临床症状、影像学特征及手术治疗。方法本文回顾性分析了解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科自1995年1月～2005年10月诊治的952例胆脂瘤患者的治疗结果,对其中10例先天性中耳胆脂瘤的起源、临床特征及手术前后的听力进行了评估。结果10例先天性中耳胆脂瘤患者的平均年龄为16岁(10～24岁),其中7例为男性,3例为女性,出现症状到临床确诊的平均时间为2年。术前平均纯音听阈为55dB,平均气-骨导差为45dB,有2例患者的鼓膜像上可以看到典型的先天性中耳胆脂瘤表现。所有病例均进行了高分辨率颞骨CT扫描。8例术前分别被诊断为耳硬化症或听骨链畸形。所有病例都在外耳道径路鼓室探查清除胆脂瘤后进行了一期鼓室成型术,除了1例因为病变广泛选择了完壁式乳突根治和鼓室成型术。本组所有病例的胆脂瘤均位于中-后鼓室,主要是在砧镫关节处。术后的平均气-骨导差小于20dB。所有病例术后至少随访1年半,2例病人因为术后听力下降进行了二期手术。本组病例中经手术探查或CT复查,没有发现胆脂瘤残留或复发。结论原发性中耳胆脂瘤临床罕见,常被延误诊断,其预后和残留、复发比例主要决定于病变范围。