肝切除术治疗区域性肝胆管结石

目的 探讨肝切除术治疗区域性肝胆管结石的效果。方法 分析12年来采用肝切除术治疗儿2例区域性肝胆管结石患者的临床表现、结石的部位和分布情况、手术方式、手术后并发症及结石残留等情况。结果 肝内结石以左肝较多(108例),肝切除仍以左外叶及左半肝切除为主。10．8％的病例有结石残留；13例出现手术后并发症；无手术死亡。治疗效果优良者占93％。结论 肝切除手术是治疗区域性肝胆管结石的主要方法，为减少结石的残留和复发，应根据结石情况同时行肝内狭窄胆管切开整形、胆管空肠吻合治疗。     

肝叶切除术治疗肝内结石254例临床分析

为探讨肝内切除术治疗肝内结石的效果，分析７年来采用肝切除术治疗２５４例肝内结石的术前检查、结石的部位和分布情况，手术方式、手术后并发症及结石残留等情况，加以归纳总结。结果表明，肝内结石以左肝较多（１５９例），全肝结石其次（７８例）；肝切除仍以左外叶及左半肝切除为主（９０％）；有１８．９％的病例有结石残留；４９例出现手术后并发症；手术死亡２例，占０．７９％；４例伴有胆管癌变；全组治疗效果良好。肝切除     

肝切除治疗肝内胆管结石

探讨肝切除术治疗肝胆管结石的效果。方法分析１９８９年７月－１９９９年７月采用肝切除术治疗１８４例肝内胆管结石患者的结石部位和分布情况、手术方式、手术后并发症、病理结果等情况。结果肝内胆管结石以左肝为主（１６５例）,肝切除也以左肝叶段切除为多（１５３例）;３２例出现手术后并发症（１７．３９％）无手术死亡。随访３月－１０月年,效果优良者占９６．２０％,包括４例早期胆管癌。结论肝切除术手是治疗内胆管结珠     

肝叶切除术治疗肝内胆管结石96例临床分析

目的 探讨肝切除术治疗肝内结石的效果。方法 回顾总结１９８９年８月至１９９９年１２月采用肝切除术治疗肝内结石９６例的临床表现、结石部位、手术方式、结石残留等情况,并予以归纳总结。结果 肝内结石以左肝为主,全肝结石其次;肝切除仍以左外叶切除为主;２１．８８％的病全有结石残留,全组治疗效果良好。结论 肝切除、狭窄胆管切开整形、畅通引流是治疗肝内结石的主要方法,术后胆道冲洗及经胆道镜取石是处理肝内残留结石的有效措施。     

肝切除治疗肝内胆管结石的体会(附172例报告)

目的总结肝叶、段切除治疗肝内胆管结石的效果。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2009年11月间采用肝切除术治疗172例肝内胆管结石的临床资料。结果左肝内胆管结石99例,右肝内胆管结石18例,双侧肝内胆管结石55例;肝左外叶切除121例,左半肝切除19例,右半肝切除8例,右肝段切除14例,双侧肝段联合切除10例;术后并发症43例;死亡2例。149例随访3个月～10年,总优良率为88.6%。结论肝切除术是治疗肝内胆管结石的有效方法,选择恰当的手术时机是预防并发症的关键因素。     

肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄的治疗

为探讨肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄的外科治疗，对１０年来收治的１６８例肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄的术前检查、结石及狭窄的部位和分布情况、手术方式、手术后并发症及残余结石的处理进行了分析。结果显示：１６８例中，左肝内胆管结石、全肝结石和右肝内胆管结石分别是８３，５９和２６例；左外叶及左半肝切除１１６例；右肝段切除２２例；高位胆管切开整形胆肠大口吻合９６例；残石率３％；１３例出现手术后并发症；随访１４２例，优良效果９６．５％。结果提示肝叶、肝段切除联合肝胆管空肠大口吻合是肝内胆管结石并胆管狭窄的最佳治疗选择。     

肝内胆管结石行规则肝切除术的分析与评价

目的:探讨肝内胆管结石的规则肝切除治疗效果。方法:分析5年来采取各类肝切除治疗121例肝内胆管结石患者的临床表现、结石的分布、手术方式、术后并发症。结果:肝内胆管结石以左肝居多,肝切除术式以左外叶及左半肝切除为主,术后发生膈下感染2例,肺不张2例,肝断面胆漏19例。结论:规则肝切除手术是治疗肝内胆管结石的主要方法,根据影像学检查可精确判断需切除的肝组织范围,术中胆道镜的应用是减少结石残留的有效方法。     

肝左外叶切除联合胆道镜取石术治疗左肝内胆管结石的效果分析

目的分析肝左外叶切除联合胆道镜取石术治疗左肝内胆管结石的效果。方法对30例左肝内胆管结石患者采用肝左外叶切除术联合胆道镜治疗。观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间和并发症发生率。结果患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间(185.24±38.20)min,术中出血量(346.67±128.74)m L,住院时间(14.84±6.02)d。术后发生切口感染或愈合不良2例,胆漏2例。无结石残留、肺部或膈下感染及肝功能异常等病例。术后随访1~2 a,未出现结石复发患者。结论肝左外叶切除术联合胆道镜治疗左肝内胆管结石,并发症少,恢复时间短,结石残留率和复发率低,安全有效。     

肝切除术为主的联合手术治疗肝内胆管结石

目的探讨肝切除术为主的联合手术治疗肝内胆管结石的方法及疗效。方法回顾分析2000年7月至2005年7月采用以肝切除为主的联合手术治疗肝内胆管结石169例的治疗效果。结果本组无手术死亡;有结石残留23例,残石率13.61%;随访145例,术后有轻度胆管炎症状者13例,占8.97%;再手术3例,手术优良率92.4%。术后并发症:本组36例发生手术并发症,发生率21.43%,包括胆瘘、肝断面感染、切口感染、胆道术后出血。结论以肝切除术为主的联合手术是治疗肝内胆管结石的有效办法,可降低残石率和复发率,提高手术疗效,肝叶、段切除是肝内胆管结石手术治疗的核心。     

180例肝内胆管结石的外科治疗

目的 探讨肝内胆管结石的特点和治疗效果。方法 对180例肝内胆管结石的术前检查、结石部位和分布、手术方式和效果、术后并发症以及结石残留进行分析。结果 左侧肝胆管发生结石率高于右侧:79.4％合并肝外胆管结石,24.4％合并胆管狭窄;手术方式以胆管切开取石或加用胆肠内引流为主,少数施行肝切除;治愈92.8％,死亡7.2％;术后出现并发症11.7％;术后残留结石38.5％。结论 肝内胆管结石的手术治疗效果满意。胆管切开取石、建立通畅引流为主要术式,术中、术后配合胆道镜治疗可解决残留结石问题;严重胆管狭窄以肝切除或胆管成形术为主。     

Reducing Residual and Recurrent Stones by Hepatectomy for Hepatolithiasis

The long-term outcomes of 97 consecutive patients with hepatolithiasis, who underwent treatment from January 1971 to June 2006, were analyzed. The short-term outcomes included the rate of residual stones and complications after treatment, whereas the long-term results included the stone recurrence rate. In 22 of the 97 (22.7%) patients, residual stones were found after treatment for hepatolithiasis. The incidence of residual stones was 0% in hepatectomy patients, 48.6% in cholangioenterostomy patients (p < 0.001, compared with hepatectomy), 25.0% in T-tube drainage patients (p = 0.015, compared with hepatectomy), and 10.0% in percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy (PTCSL) patients. In 15 of the 66 (22.7%) patients who were treated for hepatolithiasis, recurrent stones were found after intervals of 5 to 24 years. The incidence of recurrent stones was 13.9% in hepatectomy patients, 28.5% in cholangioenterostomy patients, 25.0% in T-tube drainage patients, and 50.0% in PTCSL patients (p = 0.021, compared with hepatectomy). Hepatectomy appears to be the most effective treatment for selected patients with isolated left hepatolithiasis (L). In PTCSL procedures, favorable results have been obtained when the stones were completely cleared; however, the incidence of recurrent stones is high in patients after PTCSL.     

肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石

目的研究肝切除和不同范围肝切除术对肝内胆管结石的治疗效果。方法分析我院近14年择期手术治疗的肝内胆管结石病人498例，比较肝切除组和无肝切除组、不同范围肝切除组的术后残余结石率、治疗效果和手术并发症。结果本组63．7％的病人行肝切除术。2001年后肝切除术的比例（74．6％）明显高于1991-1995年（49．5％）和1996-2000年（51．1％），而胆肠吻合术和单纯胆管切开取石T管引流术的比例逐渐减少。肝切除组术后结石残余率明显低于无肝切除组（19．2％vs31．7％，X^2=9．996，P=0．002）；肝切除组的优良率明显优于无肝切除组（85．2％vs74．7％，X^2=7．251，P=0．007），但肝切除组术后的并发症（伤口并发症除外）发生率和死亡率与无肝切除者无统计学差异。局限在肝左外叶的结石，肝左外叶切除效果好，术后无一例有残余结石。对结石分布超过左外叶时，左外叶切除、左半肝切除、右半肝切除和肝段切除的结石残余率分别为51．2％，14．3％，6．25％和11．5％，左外叶切除术后结石残余率明显高于左半肝切除、右半肝切除和肝段切除（P〈0．001）。半肝切除和肝段切除的优良率明显高于左外叶切除（94．8％．US76．1％，X^2=15．454，P〈0．001）。结论肝切除是治疗肝内胆管结石最有效的方法，对于非局限在左外叶的肝内结石，半肝切除和肝段切除术优于左外叶切除。     

肝内胆管结石外科治疗选择(附407例分析)

目的 探讨肝内胆管结石术式选择原则。方法 回顾性分析407例肝内胆管结石病人，根据结石分布类型和伴随的病理变化以解除梗阻、去除病灶、通畅引流为基本要求，采取术中胆道镜和术中B超相结合取石160例，无这两项辅助手段取石207例；肝切除去除病灶144例；胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合内引流92例；T管引流86例；肝切除 胆肠Roux-en-Y内引流62例；肝切除 T管引流82例。结果 术中胆道镜 术中B超取石组残石率4．3％，无辅助手段取石组残石率40％。随访1～10年，肝切除 内引流和单纯内引流组优良率分别为93．5％和80．43％，肝切除 T管引流组和单纯T管引流组优良率分别为95％和82．56％，统计学上有显著性差异，肝切组无论是否作胆肠内引流，优良率均无显著性差异。结论 肝内胆管结石手术应根据结石分布类型和伴随的病理变化以解除梗阻、去除病灶、通畅引流为基本要求，个体化地选择术式，术中应把时间和精力放在解除梗阻、去除病灶上，胆肠内引流只作为补助性治疗措施。     

解剖法与非解剖法肝切除在肝胆管结石治疗中的应用与近期效果分析

目的:比较解剖法与非解剖法肝切除治疗肝胆管结石的手术效果。方法:采用前瞻性病例对照研究,其中解剖法肝切除31例,非解剖法肝切除30例,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率、谷草转氨酶(AST)、引流量、排气时间、术后住院时间和结石残留率。结果:两组患者一般情况、脏器功能、结石分布、解剖变异和切肝范围均无统计学差异(均P>0.05),具有可比性。与非解剖法肝切除组比较,解剖法肝切除组术中出血量、术后并发症发生率、引流量均明显降低(均P<0.05),手术时间延长(P<0.05);术后排气时间、术后住院时间和结石残留率两组间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:解剖法肝切除具有手术打击小,术后渗出及并发症少等优点,虽然手术时间较长,但仍有改进潜力,值得推广。     

Preliminary Experience With Indications for Liver Transplantation for Hepatolithiasis

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the indications for liver transplantation among patients with hepatolithiasis.

Patients and Methods

Data from 1431 consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment from January 2000 to December 2006 were retrospectively collected for analysis. Surgical procedures included T-tube insertion combined with intraoperative cholangioscopic removal of intrahepatic stones, hepatectomy, cholangiojejunostomy, and liver transplantation.

Results

Nine hundred sixty-one patients who had a stone located in the left or right intrahepatic duct underwent hepatectomy or T-tube insertion combined with intraoperative cholangioscopic removal of intrahepatic stones. The rate of residual stones was 7.5%. Four hundred seventy patients who had a stone located in the bilateral intrahepatic ducts underwent surgical procedures other than liver transplantation; the rate of residual stones was 21.7%. Only 15 patients with hepatolithiasis underwent liver transplantation; they all survived. According to the degree of biliary cirrhosis, recipients were divided into 2 groups: a group with biliary decompensated cirrhosis (n = 7), or group with compensated cirrhosis or no cirrhosis (n = 8). There were significant differences in operative times, transfusion volumes, and blood losses between the 2 groups (P < .05). In the first group, 6 of 7 patients experienced surgical complications, and in the second, 8 recipients recovered smoothly with no complications. Health status, disability, and psychological wellness of all recipients (n = 15) were significantly improved at 1 year after transplantation compared with pretransplantation (P < .05).

Conclusions

Liver transplantation is a possible method to address hepatolithiasis and secondary decompensated biliary cirrhosis or difficult to remove, diffusely distributed intrahepatic duct stones unavailable by hepatectomy, cholangiojejunostomy, and choledochoscopy.     

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目的：探讨肝胆管结石手术时机的选择对术后并发症及其治疗效果的影响。方法：回顾性分析1992～2002年因肝胆管结石行手术治疗457例的胆管炎发作史，再手术史，手术方式，术后并发症及结石残留等情况。结果：457例中急症期内行手术治疗213例，出现术后并发症47例(22．1％)，死亡3例，术后结石残留率37．3％；择期行手术治疗244例，出现术后并发症31例(12．7％)，死亡2例，术后结石残留率21．7％。结论：严格掌握肝胆管结石手术时机，避免急症期内被动手术和减少再次手术率，可减少术后并发症和残留结石发生，提高治疗效果。