改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微外科治疗岩斜区肿瘤

目的探讨岩斜区肿瘤经改良岩骨乙状窦前入路显微外科治疗的手术特征及并发症。方法回顾性分析经显微手术治疗的9例岩斜区肿瘤,对肿瘤临床和影像学特征、手术入路、手术切除技巧及术后常见并发症的处理进行研究。结果肿瘤全切除7例,近全切除1例,大部切除1例。术后一过性失语1例,脑水肿2例,周围性面瘫1例,脑脊液耳漏1例,腰穿引流后好转。无死亡病例。结论改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路可充分暴露岩斜区肿瘤及其周围结构,是岩斜区肿瘤的较佳手术入路。     

大型岩斜脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的　对 12例大型岩斜脑膜瘤行乙状窦前入路的显微手术治疗 ,探讨该入路治疗岩斜脑膜瘤的要点。方法　总结岩斜脑膜瘤的临床表现、神经影像学特征和术中要点。结果　肿瘤全切除 10例 ,次全切除 1例 ,大部切除 1例 ,术后好转率 83.3%。结论　大型岩斜脑膜瘤首选乙状窦前入路 ,掌握术中暴露要点和分离技巧可提高手术疗效     

乙状窦前入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的 探索岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术入路及手术方式,并评价其疗效.方法 采用乙状窦前入路,应用显微神经外科技术,将岩斜区脑膜瘤分块行全切或部分切除.结果 9例病例中肿瘤全切6例,占66.6%;次全切除2例,占22.2%;大部分切除1例,占11.2%.无手术死亡病例,术后7例随访,平均20个月.6例正常生活,1例生活自理.MRI随访5例,未见肿瘤复发或再生长.结论 采用乙状窦前入路、应用显微神经外科技术治疗岩斜区脑膜瘤,能提高该病治愈率,减少并发症.     

经侧方入路切除岩骨-斜坡区肿瘤

目的 探讨经侧方入路切除斜坡肿瘤的治疗效果。方法 对６１例岩骨斜坡区肿瘤患者分别采用以下手术入路：（１）改良翼点入路;（２）颞枕经天幕,岩骨入路;（３）经岩骨乙状窦前幕上,下联合睡;（４）远外侧经髁入路。结果 ６１例岩骨－余坡区肿瘤,全切５４例,近全切除６例,大部切除１例,无手术死亡。６１例中,其中有３７例患者术后得到了随访,结果满意。     

Subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach: study on its use in large and giant petroclival meningiomas

Background  The subtemporal transtentoral approach has been reported for nearly two decades; however it was not well used due to some limitations in dealing with large and giant petroclival meningiomas. The clinical outcome and merit of the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach in large and giant petroclival meningiomas, as well as the choices, the improvements and the therapy strategies of the microsurgical approach in such patients were evaluated in this study.

Methods  Totally 25 cases of large and giant petroclival meningiomas undergone the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach between April 2004 and January 2010 were enrolled in this study. The choice and improvement of the approach, the basis of anatomy and related research, the effect of accessory equipment, the exposure of tumor and the changes of neurofunction pre- and post-operation were all reviewed retrospectively. The operation outcomes and complications in this approach were also compared with those in the transpetrous presigmoid approach done in 14 cases in the same period.

Results  All 25 cases underwent the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach under electrophysiologic monitoring of cranial nerves and brain stem function. Trochlear nerve was partly wrapped in 14 cases, totally wrapped but can be explored in the initial segment of the cerebellum tentorium in 8 cases, totally wrapped and could not be seen until tumor was partly removed in 3 cases. The cerebellum tentorium was cut along the temporal bone from the anterior part of the apex to the mastoid part of superior petrous sinus in 6 cases, from the posterior part of the apex to the mastoid part of superior petrous sinus in 19 cases. Gross tumor resection was accomplished in 17 (68%) patients, subtotal resection in 7 (28%) patients, and partial resection in 1 (4%) patient. The most common postoperative complication was new neurological deficits or aggravations of preexisting deficit (64%). Follow-up ranged from 3 to 69 months. Compared with the transpetrous presigmoid approach done in 14 cases in the same period, the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach showed obvious advantages such as simplicity in manipulating, microinvasiveness, less time-consuming, less complication, higher rate of tumor resection though the rates of gross tumor resection might be of no significant difference.

Conclusions  Modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach has obvious advantages compared with the transpetrous presigmoid approach. Some complications need to be solved by practice and modification of the approach as well as the accumulation of the experiences.

     

岩斜区肿瘤手术入路的选择

目的总结岩斜区肿瘤3种不同入路优缺点,探讨选择手术入路应考虑的因素,以及如何选择入路,并对临床效果进行分析。方法回顾性分析2004—2014年手术切除岩斜区肿瘤21例临床资料,手术入路包括：枕下乙状窦后入路、乙状窦前入路和颞下经小脑幕入路3种,从肿瘤性质、生长方式、术后并发症和操作难度等因素进行分析,总结选择手术入路时如何依据这些因素对3种入路进行选择,观察依据这些因素指导手术入路选择的临床效果,分析正确选择手术入路对保护神经功能、提高患者生存质量,提高手术效果的作用。结果本组21例,全切16例,次全切4例,部分切除1例。神经鞘瘤6例,表皮样囊肿3例,脑膜瘤12例。术后1例为乙状窦前入路,术后出现脑脊液耳漏,颅内发生化脓性感染,治疗无效死亡;5例出现患侧滑车神经损伤,有复视;6例周围面神经瘫痪;1例出现颞叶脑内血肿,经过保守治疗后,血肿吸收,正常出院;3例出现运动性失语,经治疗后,渐好转;3例出现手术区皮下积液并有反复低热,给予留置腰大池治疗,无临床症状出院,1~2月随访,体温正常,积液消失。5例肿瘤残留术后进行放射治疗,未有复发。结论手术入路所经过的解剖结构不同,暴露范围分别有侧重点,术前应当综合考虑各种因素,选择最适合患者入路,这样可以最大限度保护周围组织,提高手术成功率。     

颞-枕下-经岩骨入路切除岩斜区肿瘤116例报告

目的介绍采用颞-枕下-经岩骨入路切除岩骨斜坡区肿瘤的手术方法。方法分析116例岩斜区肿瘤患者的手术方法,所有病人均采用颞-枕下-经岩骨入路切除肿瘤,其中采用经迷路后-乙状窦前入路110例,经乙状窦入路2例,经迷路-乙状窦前入路2例,经颧弓-经岩骨入路2例。结果肿瘤全切除75例(64.7%),次全切除33例(28.4%),大部切除8例(6.9%)。手术死亡3例,占手术总数2.6%。结论颞-枕下-经岩骨入路适用于病变位于斜坡中线部位,或肿瘤横跨颞骨岩部内侧,侵及中、后颅凹和累及海绵窦、三叉神经切迹(Meckel凹陷)肿瘤的切除,该方法在术中对岩骨斜坡区能够获得良好的暴露。     

Keyhole approach surgery for petroclival meningioma

Background In China, the feasibility of keyhole approach in surgical treatment of petroclival meningioma has not been well evaluated. This report summarized our experience in 25 patients with petroclival meningioma who had been treated with keyhole approach surgery. Methods From July 2000 to July 2005, 25 patients with petroclival meningioma were subjected to resection via subtemporal, retrosigmoid or combined keyhole approaches. The extent of tumor resection was evaluated by MRI 3 months after surgery, and postoperative complications were investigated. Results The maximum diameter of tumors ranged from 2 to 7 cm （mean, 4.5 cm）. Gross total resection （GTR） was achieved in 14 patients, giving a GTR rate of 56%. Subtotal resection （STR） was carried out in 8 patients and partial resection in 3. Thirteen patients kept normal neurological status, whereas others suffered from cranial nerve deficits （Ⅶ, Ⅶ, Ⅲ and lower CN）. One patient died in the postoperative period. Conclusions Keyhole approach surgery, especially the combined keyhole approach is suitable for the treatment of petroclival meningioma. It provides easy and quick access to the supra- and infratentorial juxta-clival region without drilling of the petrous bone. Complications related to the approach can be minimized.     

经额下-前纵裂联合入路切除复杂鞍区肿瘤

目的探讨经额下-前纵裂联合入路切除复杂鞍区肿瘤的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析27例经额下-前纵裂联合入路手术切除复杂鞍区肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果垂体腺瘤14例,全切11例,次全切3例;颅咽管瘤8例,全切4例,次全切4例;鞍结节脑膜瘤5例,全切4例,次全切1例。术后视力、视野较术前明显改善11例,无明显变化8例;术后激素水平恢复正常8例,无明显变化2例;27例中无死亡病例。结论经额下-前纵裂联合入路适用于切除鞍上、鞍后及向上突入三脑室的肿瘤。     

垂体瘤采用内镜经鼻蝶入路手术治疗的临床研究

目的：探讨垂体瘤采用内镜经鼻蝶入路手术治疗的临床效果。方法方便选取该院于2010年5月—2015年10月接收的80例垂体瘤患者为研究对象,将所有患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。其中对照组患者采用传统经颅手术治疗,而观察组患者采用内镜经鼻蝶入路手术治疗,观察两组患者的手术切除情况和术后并发症发生率。结果经比较,观察组患者的手术用时、出血量、肿瘤切除率、术后并发症和住院时间等观察指标均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05）;观察组的肿瘤切除情况为：肿瘤全切35例(87.5%）、次全切3例(7.5%）、部分切除2例(5.0%）,对照组的肿瘤切除情况为：肿瘤全切31例(77.5%）、次全切3例(7.5%）、部分切除6例(15.0%）;观察组术后并发症发生率为5.0%(2/40）,对照组为22.5%(9/40）,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05）。结论内镜经鼻蝶手术治疗垂体瘤具有创伤小、肿瘤切除率高、操作简便、安全性好、不良反应少以及住院时间短等特点,总体临床治疗效果较好,值得在临床上推广。     

岩斜脑膜瘤15例手术治疗分析

目的探讨岩斜脑膜瘤的临床特点、手术策略、手术技巧和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析临床资料完整的15例岩斜脑膜瘤病例,总结其临床特点。本组均采用经Kawase入路,手术策略为全切除岩斜区肿瘤,术后辅以γ刀治疗。分析手术后颅神经功能和患者生存状况。结果头痛头晕、外展麻痹和面部麻木是岩斜脑膜瘤的主要症状。手术近全切除肿瘤13例,次全切除2例。12例残余肿瘤术后行γ刀治疗。无手术死亡,术后无新增颅神经损害6例,出现动眼神经麻痹6例,面部麻木7例,外展功能障碍4例,面瘫7例。随访6~59个月(平均38.6个月),12例恢复正常工作和生活,2例生活自理,1例生活需他人照顾。13例无肿瘤复发,2例残余肿瘤增大者中1例经γ刀治疗肿瘤生长得到控制。动眼神经麻痹和面瘫均改善,面部麻木5例部分缓解,外展功能障碍无明显改善。结论对岩斜脑膜瘤应采用合理的手术策略,尽可能减少手术引起的神经损害,有利于提高患者的生存质量。     

中颅窝底硬膜外入路显微手术切除三叉神经鞘瘤

目的：探讨扩大中颅窝底硬膜外入路显微手术切除三叉神经鞘瘤的疗效。方法：回顾性分析15例三叉神经鞘瘤的临床资料、手术方式、疗效和术后并发症。结果：12例三叉神经鞘瘤全切，3例次全切；术后无新增加永久性的神经症状，无残疾及死亡病例。随访12例，时间2-40个月，平均25个月，无肿瘤复发。结论：采用扩大中颅窝底硬膜外入路显微手术切除鞍周三叉神经鞘瘤疗效满意。     

中颅窝底硬膜外入路显微手术切除三叉神经鞘瘤

目的 :探讨扩大中颅窝底硬膜外入路显微手术切除三叉神经鞘瘤的疗效。方法 :回顾性分析 1 5例三叉神经鞘瘤的临床资料、手术方式、疗效和术后并发症。结果 :1 2例三叉神经鞘瘤全切 ,3例次全切 ;术后无新增加永久性的神经症状 ,无残疾及死亡病例。随访 1 2例 ,时间 2～ 4 0个月 ,平均 2 5个月 ,无肿瘤复发。结论 :采用扩大中颅窝底硬膜外入路显微手术切除鞍周三叉神经鞘瘤疗效满意     

侧脑室脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的:总结侧脑室肿瘤的诊治经验、手术方式和临床效果。方法:回顾性分析26例显微手术治疗的侧脑室肿瘤的临床特点。颞枕经皮质入路23例,经额胼胝体入路1例,经颞入路2例。结果:全切25例,大部切除1例。术后恢复良好24例,不全偏瘫、失语各1例。结论:根据肿瘤的部位和大小,选择合适的手术入路,有助于改善侧脑室肿瘤患者的预后。     

侵入海绵窦的岩斜脑膜瘤的手术治疗

目的 探讨侵入海绵窦的岩斜脑膜瘤的临床特点、手术策略、手术技巧和治疗效果.方法　回顾性分析2004年4月至2009年3月南昌大学第一附属医院临床资料完整的15例侵入海绵窦的岩斜脑膜瘤病例,总结其临床特点.本组均采用经乙状窦前入路,手术策略为全切除岩斜区肿瘤,对侵入海绵窦内的肿瘤行次全切除,术后辅以γ刀治疗.分析手术后颅神经功能和病人生存状况.结果头痛头晕、外展麻痹和面部麻木为本病的主要症状.手术近全切除肿瘤13例,切除≥90%2例.12例残余肿瘤术后行γ刀治疗.无手术死亡,术后无新增颅神经损害6例,出现动眼神经麻痹6例,面部麻木7例,外展功能障碍4例,面瘫7例.随访6～59个月(平均38.6个月),12例恢复正常工作和生活,2例生活自理,1例生活需他人照顾.13例无肿瘤复发,2例残余肿瘤增大者中1例经γ刀治疗肿瘤生长得到控制.眼球运动和上睑下垂均完全恢复,面瘫基本恢复,面部麻木5例部分缓解,外展功能障碍无明显改善.结论对侵人海绵窦的岩斜脑膜瘤应采用合理的手术策略,尽可能减少手术引起的神经损害,有利于提高病人的生存质量.     

Quantification of the presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach to petroclival region

Background Despite the presigmoid transpetrosal approach has been used by different researchers in various ways, the surgical injury rate remains high. Applying a minimally invasive keyhole idea, we devised a presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach （PTKA）, classified and quantitatively assessed their approach to the petroclival area on a cadaver model by using a neuronavigation system.
Methods The presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach was divided into four increasingly morbidity-producing steps： retrolabyrinthine, partial labyrinthectomy with petrous apicectomy, translabyrinthine and transcochlear keyhole approaches. Six latex-injected cadaveric heads （twelve sides） underwent dissection in which a neuronavigation system was used. An area of exposure 10 cm superficial to a central target （working area） was calculated. The area of clival exposure with each subsequent dissection was also calculated.
Results The retrolabyrinthine keyhole approach （RLK） spares hearing and facial function in theory but provides for only a small window of upper clival exposure. The view afforded by partial labyrinthectomy with petrous apicectomy keyhole approach （PLPAK） provides for up to four times this exposure. The translabyrinthine keyhole approach （TLK） and transcochlear keyhole approach （TCK）, although producing more morbidity, add little in terms of a larger petroclival window. However, with each step, the surgical freedom for manipulation of instruments increases.
Conclusions The presigmoid transpetrosal keyhole approach to the petroclival area is feasible and useful. The RLK has relatively limited utility. For lesions without bone invasion, the PLPAK provides a much more versatile exposure with an excellent chance of hearing and facial nerve preservation. The TLK provides for greater versatility in treating lesions but clival exposure is not greatly enhanced. The TCK adds little in terms of intradural exposure but should be reserved for cases in which access to the petrous carotid arter     

枕下扩大外侧入路手术切除枕大孔区脑膜瘤

目的:分析影响枕大孔区脑膜瘤手术疗效的因素,比较有关手术入路的优缺点.方法:应用枕下外侧扩大入路切除枕大孔脑膜瘤11例.结果:手术全切肿瘤7例(7/11,64%),次全切2例(2/11,18%),部分切除2例(2/11,18%).无手术死亡和严重的手术并发症.结论:枕下外侧扩大入路足以显露和切除枕大孔区肿瘤.肿瘤切除程度取决于肿瘤与椎动脉、脑干和颅神经的关系.     

翼点入路显微手术治疗鞍区肿瘤临床分析

目的:总结翼点入路在鞍区肿瘤显微手术的临床应用经验。方法:回顾性分析2005年9月～2008年9月我科经翼点入路对鞍区肿瘤进行显微外科手术的病例42例,讨论鞍区肿瘤经翼点入路显微手术的适应证、并发症,分析影响选择经翼点入路显微外科手术的相关因素。结果:42例患者中,行镜下全切术31例,次全切除术11例,全切率为73.8%。术后并发症:额纹消失1例;尿崩及电解质紊乱18例;无死亡病例。结论:翼点入路为鞍区肿瘤的手术操作创造了良好的手术视野,能较充分显露瘤体及其周围结构,提高鞍区肿瘤的全切除率,为提高患者的生存质量和减少肿瘤的复发创造必要条件。     

采用中颅窝底硬膜外入路显微手术切除三叉神经鞘瘤

目的探讨中颅窝底硬膜外入路显微手术治疗三叉神经鞘瘤的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析采用中颅窝底硬膜外入路显微手术治疗的27例三叉神经鞘瘤病人的疗效。结果27例病人中肿瘤全切除25例,次全切除2例。术后颅神经功能障碍较术前改善18例,无明显变化4例,加重5例,出现新的颅神经麻痹4例（不完全性麻痹）;2例出现脑脊液漏和颅内感染,经腰穿置管脑脊液引流和抗生素治疗痊愈。本组无术后死亡病例,术后随访6—48个月,除1例于手术后40个月复发并行二次手术治疗外,其余病人均恢复良好。结论该入路对脑组织牵拉轻,术野显露好,可进行多角度操作,有助于提高肿瘤的全切率、降低病残率。     

经口进路行上颌骨切除术

目的:探讨经口进路行上颌骨切除术的可行性和适应证。方法:选择16例上颌骨肿瘤患者(恶性13例、良性3例),采用美国Stryker公司的微型电动力系统行经口进路上颌骨切除术。结果:16例患者中,上颌骨部分切除术15例,上颌骨次全切除术1例。经术后1～8年随访,面部均无疤痕,无下睑水肿及面部畸形。除1例恶性黑色素瘤患者死于术后两年外,其余患者均存活。结论:经口进路行上颌骨切除术疗效满意,其适应证主要为良性及低恶度上颌骨肿瘤,需行上颌骨部分切除或次全切除术者。