髌骨和髂骨移植修复膝部骨巨细胞瘤致大块骨缺损

目的 探讨髌骨和髂骨移植对股骨下端和胫骨上端大块骨缺损修复的治疗效果.方法 股骨下端和胫骨上端骨巨细胞瘤患者14例,男8例,女6例;年龄20～42岁,平均33.9岁;病史2～12个月,平均5.6个月;股骨下端6例,胫骨上端8例.按Ennecking外科分期,2期11例,3期3例.游离髌骨移植8例,带肌蒂髌骨移植2例,髂骨移植4例.股骨和胫骨肿瘤侵犯一侧髁软骨面时用游离或带肌蒂髌骨移植,胫骨肿瘤同时侵犯髁间部时用髂骨移植,修复和重建膝关节部骨缺损.结果 随访时间3个月～11年,平均4.5年.根据国际保肢学会功能评分标准,优3例,良8例,可2例,差1例.游离髌骨移植者关节功能较好.术后主要并发症为关节活动范围减小(活动范围,40°～120°,平均82°),关节不适,肌力下降,疼痛.带肌蒂髌骨移植者术后伸膝肌力有不同程度地下降,但随着时间的延长有一定的恢复.游离髌骨移植者术后伸膝肌力下降不明显.髂骨移植患者术后关节退行性改变明显.结论 膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤侵犯关节软骨时,行包括肿瘤在内的股骨或胫骨一侧髁切除后,可以用髌骨和髂骨移植修复和重建骨缺损.     

游离髌骨移植修复膝部半髁骨缺损手术方法

[目的]探讨髌骨移植对股骨下端或胫骨上端半髁骨缺损修复的治疗效果,提出手术步骤和方法.[方法]本组骨巨细胞瘤患者7例,病史4～12个月,平均5.8个月.男4例,女3例;年龄18～40岁,平均31.8岁.股骨下端4例,胫骨上端3例,按Ennecking外科分期,2期5例,3期2例.用髌骨关节面代替股骨或胫骨髁关节面修复和重建骨缺损.[结果]随访时间3～10年,3例5年以上,平均4.9年.随访期间无复发转移,无髌骨坏死和感染,移植骨愈合良好.根据国际保肢学会功能评分标准,关节功能优3例,良4例.术后主要并发症为关节活动范围减小,范围40°～110°,平均88°.术后伸膝肌力下降不明显,1例胫骨平台轻度下沉,1例于术后6年出现关节疼痛.[结论]膝关节上下侵犯关节软骨的骨巨细胞瘤,行包括肿瘤在内的一侧髁切除后,可以用游离髌骨移植修复和重建骨缺损.     

股骨或胫骨髁切除带蒂髌骨移植治疗骨巨细胞瘤

目的 :探索侵及膝关节的骨巨细胞瘤切除后关节功能重建的方法。方法 :对 3例侵及膝关节的骨巨细胞瘤患者采用股骨或胫骨髁切除 ,所造成的关节缺失用带蒂髌骨翻转移植重建。结果 :随访 1.5～ 3年 ,3例术后均无复发、转移 ,植骨愈合 ,膝关节活动 90°～ 95°。结论 :对累及膝关节的骨巨细胞瘤行股骨或胫骨髁切除带蒂髌骨移植重建术 ,既可广泛切除病灶 ,防止复发、恶变 ,又可满意的保留膝关节功能     

自体软骨膜、骨膜游离移植修复软骨缺损治疗骨性关节炎

目的：评价自体软骨膜或骨膜游离移植术修复膝关节大面积软骨缺损，治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效。方法：将髌骨及股骨髁，胫骨平台病损软骨清除，游离移植软骨或骨膜修复软骨缺损，治疗骨性关节炎124例，术后不需外固定，4天后持续被动关节活动器作持续动活动。2周后下床活动，结果：术后平均随访6年，治疗效果满意。结论：采用自体软骨膜，骨膜游离移植修复大面积软骨缺损，治疗骨性关节炎，可取得满意效果。     

带血管蒂腓骨移植治疗膝部肿瘤切除后骨缺损

股骨远端和胫骨近端肿瘤切除后 ,特别是恶性肿瘤 ,常造成膝部巨大骨缺损。我科 1988～ 1996年利用带血管蒂腓骨修复膝部肿瘤切除后骨缺损 12例 ,使膝关节得到骨性融合。其优点是手术操作简单 ,腓骨段血供充足 ,移植腓骨段愈合良好临床资料本组男 8例 ,女 4例。年龄 19～ 43岁 ,平均 30 .2岁。股骨下端肿瘤 8例 ,胫骨上端肿瘤 4例 ,其中骨巨细胞瘤 9例 ,(病理分级 级 2例 , 级 3例 , ～ 级 4例 ) ,软骨母细胞瘤 2例 ,皮质旁骨肉瘤 1例。肿瘤局部刮除植骨术后复发 5例 ,手术前发生病理性骨折 8例。手术方法 :采用硬膜外麻醉 ,仰卧位。股骨下…     

采用吻合血管节段性腓骨移植重建邻近关节腔性骨缺损

对发生在胫骨上端、股骨下端范围广泛的低度恶性肿瘤或肿瘤样变,经手术切除后一般采用自体髂骨或异体半关节移植予以修复,然而该二种术式并非十分理想,前者取骨量大,愈合时间长,易吸收,后者排异反应重,愈合率低。针对以上情况,从1995年～1998年3月,对发生以上部位肿瘤,经手术彻底切除并保留关节面软骨前提下,采用吻合血管腓骨多节段植入方法予以修复。经术后3～6个月随访,效果佳,报道如下。临床资料本组男8例,女3例。年龄最大55岁,最小14岁,平均23岁。肿瘤部位与性质,胫骨上端骨巨细胞瘤6例,骨囊肿2例,股骨远端骨巨细胞瘤1例,股骨近端2例,均…     

带血管蒂腓骨移植修复骨巨细胞瘤段切除后骨缺损

自1986年至今我们采用带血管蒂腓骨就近转位移植,膝关节融合术治疗5例膝部骨巨细胞瘤患者,经随访疗效较为满意。1 临床资料1.1 一般资料 本组5例,女4例,男1例;年龄18～39岁;股骨下端1例,胫骨上端4例;均为骨巨细胞瘤,按Jaffe病理分级,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级1例。均采用带血管蒂腓骨转位移植膝关节融合术,其中胫骨上端巨细胞瘤2例加用股骨下段带腓肠肌蒂骨瓣翻转移位植骨。     

罕见的全髌骨骨巨细胞瘤—例报告

罕见的全髌骨骨巨细胞瘤—例报告赵冰，张宏才骨巨细胞瘤在我国是比较多见的骨肿瘤之一。以青壮年（２０～４０岁）居多，好发于股骨下端和胫骨上端，肱骨上端和桡骨下端次之，但髌骨骨巨细胞瘤在临床上极为少见。据天津医院骨科报告的１９６例骨巨细胞瘤无１例；胡云洲等...     

带血管"π"型骨移植Ⅰ期重建膝部肿瘤切除后膝关节功能

目的 评价膝部肿瘤切除后带血管"π"型骨移植Ⅰ期修复重建膝关节功能的疗效.方法 1996年7月至2004年6月,共收治膝部良性侵袭性肿瘤和低度恶性肿瘤31例,其中股骨下端13例,胫骨上端18例.术后诊断骨巨细胞瘤20例,非骨化性纤维瘤3例,成纤维性纤维瘤3例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿3例,软骨黏液性纤维瘤2例.所有病例均采用瘤体骨边缘切除局部灭活保留关节软骨面,带血管"π"型支撑式植骨重建膝关节功能.结果 所有病例随访2年1个月～10年3个月,平均6年7个月.结果 29例无局部复发,重建后膝关节功能恢复良好,关节屈曲度0°(=)80°～120°,平均105°,2例恶性骨巨细胞瘤分别于术后1年和1年2个月复发并截肢;依据Ennecking肌肉骨骼系统肿瘤术后下肢功能评价标准,优18例,良10例,可1例,优良率96.5%.结论 膝关节部位肿瘤切除后带血管"π"型植骨术,符合建筑学上的桥梁支撑原理,能有效避免关节软骨面的塌陷,最大限度恢复膝关节功能,是一种值得推广的新的手术方法.     

自体骨膜游离移植一期修复髌骨骨折及软骨缺损

目的　探讨自体骨膜游离移植一期修复严重粉碎性髌骨骨折软骨缺损的临床疗效。方法　 1992年 1月～ 1998年 8月 ,用自体骨膜游离移植一期修复严重粉碎性髌骨骨折软骨缺损 17例 ,其中全髌骨粉碎骨折 9例 ,髌骨中上极骨折 3例 ,髌骨中下极骨折 5例。采用膝内侧 S形切口经膝关节腔入路。骨折复位后钢丝内固定 ,清除骨折区残存软骨 ,露出松质骨 ,修理平整 ;胫骨上端前内侧切取骨膜 3cm× 4cm～ 5 cm× 6 cm,游离移植到软骨缺损区并固定 ,术后 1周开始关节被动活动。结果　 17例全部获得随访 ,时间为 8个月～ 6年 2个月 ,平均为 2 .8年。优 12例 ,膝关节功能正常 ;良 4例 ,膝关节功能基本正常 ;可 1例 ,膝关节活动受限 ,但屈曲大于 90°。结论　自体骨膜游离移植一期修复髌骨骨折软骨缺损 ,取材容易 ,操作简便 ,疗效满意 ,有临床应用价值。     

髌骨形态异常与膝关节骨关节炎之间相关性

目的利用计算机辅助测量技术,对一定样本量的甘肃省中医院影像科膝关节X线片进行骨形态测量和相关比值分析研究,得出膝关节相关参数的正常范围,确立膝关节发育缺陷与膝关节骨关节炎之间相关性,找出导致髌股关节骨关节炎的骨性致病因素。方法测量指标:股骨髁宽度、胫骨髁宽度、髌骨宽度、髌骨纵径、髌骨关节面高度、髌骨厚度、髌骨下缘与关节间隙距离、股骨内髁前后径、胫骨平台前后径、髌骨关节面距胫骨平台距离、髌骨中点距股骨纵轴距离,采用SPSS 17.0软件对各有关比值进行处理和分析,采用90%(p5~p95)医学参考范围为正常参考范围描述;计数资料采用χ2检验,设检验水平为0.05,P0.05为差异有显著性意义。结果通过测量136例正常膝关节X线片各骨形态数据及相关比值,以90%医学参考范围为正常范围,得出髌骨厚度/股骨内髁前后径:0.162 362~0.335 135,髌骨纵径/髌骨关节面高度:1.217 105~1.643 902为正常范围。以此标准在481例膝关节骨关节炎病例中,髌骨厚度/股骨内髁前后径异常率6.4%,髌骨纵径/髌骨关节面高度异常率23.5%。结论髌骨偏厚、髌骨偏薄等形态异常在膝骨关节炎中占有一定的比例且女性发病率高于男性。     

Multicentric giant cell tumor around the knee

A case of multicentric giant cell tumor with synchronous occurrence in all three bones around the knee is reported here in view of its rarity. A 33-year-old average built male reported with complaints of severe pain, gradually increasing swelling around the right knee. A 3 × 2 cm swelling was present on the lateral aspect of the distal end of the right femur and a 3 × 3 cm swelling on the proximal part of the right tibia. Plain X-ray of right knee showed subarticular eccentrically located expansile lytic lesion in the lateral tibia condyle, lateral condyle of femur and patella. Fine needle aspiration cytology and subsequent histology ascertained the diagnosis of giant cell tumor of the bone. The patient was treated successfully with curettage, bone grafting and methyl methacrylate cementing (Sandwich technique).     

带血管蒂髌骨移位修复股骨内侧髁下关节面缺损的应用解剖

目的：研究用带血管蒂髌骨移位的方法修复股骨内侧髁下关节面缺损。方法：用３７侧成人下肢标本，经解剖、厚切片和铸型研究髌骨的血管。观测３０块髌骨和股骨内侧髁下关节面的形态和面积。结果：（１）供应髌骨血液的各支动脉先在髌骨周围吻合成髌周动脉环，再由该环发支进入髌骨；（２）于髌骨内下方参与形成髌周动脉环的膝降血管关节支的髌下支蒂长、径粗、走行位置恒定；（３）髌骨和股骨内侧髁都有宽广的关节面。结论：带血管蒂髌骨可移位至股骨内侧髁，修复下关节面缺损，以期最大限度地保留膝关节的功能。     

Knee joint reconstruction after hemiarticular resection using pedicled patella and vascularized fibular graft

Between 1999 and 2005, seven patients had resection of tumors around the knee joint that involved half of the articular surface of the femoral or tibial side. Average age of the patients was 28 years (range, 14–40). Tumor pathology was giant cell tumor in four patients, osteoblastoma in two, and benign fibrous histocytoma in one patient. Two patients had recurrent tumors. The tumor was located in the distal femur in five patients and in the proximal tibia in the remaining two. The ipsilateral patella pedicled on the infrapatellar fat pad was used to substitute the resected articular surface and a vascularized fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap was used to reconstruct the metaphyseal defect. Average follow‐up period was 6.5 years (range, 3.5–10 years). All flaps survived. Average time to bone union was 3.5 months (range, 3–4 months), and average time to full weight‐bearing was 5 months (range, 4–6 months). No radiological signs of avascular necrosis of the patella were observed in any patient. Two patients required secondary procedures for correction of instability. One patient had local recurrence. At final follow‐up, the median range of knee motion was from 10° to 100°. The average Knee Society Score (KSS) was 76 points (range; 50–85 points), and the average KSS functional score was 76.6 points (range, 70–90 points). In conclusion, the procedure is a reliable option for after resection of tumors that involve half the articular surface of the femur or the tibia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:603–607, 2010.     

带血管蒂髌骨移位修复胫骨内侧髁上关节面缺损的应用解剖

为探索用带血管蒂髌骨移位的方法，修复肛骨内侧髁上关节在缺损，采用经动脉灌注的成人下肢标本３７侧，经解剖，厚切片或铸型研究髌骨的血管。观察３０块髌骨和胫骨内侧髁上关面的形态和面积。供应髌骨血液的各支动脉先有髌骨周围吻合成髌动脉环，再由该环发支进入髌骨，膝下内动脉和膝降动脉关节支的髌下支在髌骨内下方合并与参与形成髌周动脉环。髌骨的关节面与胫骨内侧髁上关节形态大小相似，根据研究结果，提出用带血管蒂髌骨移     

肿瘤型假体重建膝关节周围原发性肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的总结膝关节周围原发性骨肿瘤保肢手术中人工关节重建的疗效和并发症。方法回顾性分析我院1995年12月至2005年12月83例应用肿瘤型假体重建膝关节周围骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的临床资料。其中骨肉瘤58例,多中心骨肉瘤2例,皮质旁骨肉瘤1例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤4例,骨巨细胞瘤13例,平滑肌肉瘤1例,尤文肉瘤2例,软骨肉瘤2例。根据骨缺损重建部位分组：股骨下端组44例,胫骨上端组34例,全股骨置换组5例。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间12～130个月,平均41个月。局部复发6例,2例晚期感染,假体松动2例,无假体断裂;假体3、5年生存率分别为88．2％、82．1％。41例植骨患者形成皮质外骨桥。肢体肌肉骨骼肿瘤外科治疗重建术后功能评分：股骨下端组19．0—29．0分,平均25．0分;胫骨上端组17．0—28．0分,平均24．4分;全股骨置换组16．0—21．0分,平均19．0分。股骨下端组和胫骨上端组功能优于全股骨置换。结论肿瘤型人工关节重建膝关节周围骨肿瘤并发症发生率低,关节功能良好。     

复发性髌骨脱位的股骨踝部的旋转畸形

目的：通过CT测量,使用TEA(Transepicondylar Axis,TEA)作为股骨远端的标志来检测青少年髌股关节紊乱时的下肢排列和股骨远端形态。材料与方法：选用3组病人。脱位组：26例病人共38个膝关节;膝前痛组;43例共67膝;对照组：12例24膝。对各组病人均行股骨颈、股骨远端、胫骨折、远端的CT检查。得到以TEA为基准的股前倾角、前髁角和后髁角以及膝旋转,同时测量常用的髁角、髌骨倾斜角及胫骨旋转等。结论：发现脱位组后髁角有显著增大,内、外侧付韧带的股骨附着点有异常改变,进而TEA发生外旋。本研究是同类研究中首次使用TEA作为新的标志。使用TEA作为基准线可在股骨髁发生几何变化以前反映出下肢的排列状况。     

Subchondral giant-cell tumor of the proximal tibia: arthroscopic treatment for accelerated articular cartilage and meniscal degeneration in two patients

Giant-cell tumor most commonly occurs in the distal femur and proximal tibia and characteristically involves the subchondral bone. Incomplete resection leads to recurrence rates of up to 50%. Intralesional curettage, adjuvant treatments, and polymethyl methacralate (PMMA) reconstruction is the current mainstay of treatment and has produced recurrence rates of less than 10%. Achieving adequate curettage while preserving the articular cartilage of the tibial plateau poses a significant challenge, especially when the tumor involves the subchondral bone. We report on 2 cases, both with symptomatic full-thickness tibial articular cartilage loss and one with a meniscal tear, after curettage, phenol cautery, and PMMA reconstruction of giant-cell tumor of the proximal tibia. Arthroscopic chondroplasty and planing of the exposed cement was performed in both cases, theoretically reducing focal areas of stress concentration that could lead to further meniscal damage and injury to the femoral condyle articular surface in weight-bearing. Partial meniscectomy for a complex meniscal tear was performed in one case. Eighteen months postoperatively, both patients were asymptomatic, working full-time, and participating in light physical activity. Repetitive heavy loading of the knee, such as running, was prohibited, and long-term follow-up is warranted to assess for further joint degeneration and need for total knee arthroplasty.     

Physiological sagittal plane patellar kinematics during dynamic deep knee flexion

Purpose

Lateral radiographic views can be easily taken and have reveal considerable information about the patella. The purpose of this study was to obtain sagittal plane patellar kinematics data through the entire range of knee flexion under weight-bearing conditions.

Methods

Patellar flexion angles relative to the femur and tibia and anterior-posterior and proximal-distal translations of the patella relative to the femur and tibia were measured from 0 to 165° knee flexion in nine healthy knees using dynamic radiographic images.

Results

The patella flexed relative to the femur and tibia by two thirds times and one third times the knee flexion angle, respectively. The patella translated in an arc relative to the femur and tibia as the knee flexed. In early flexion, the superior and centroid points translated anteriorly and then the patella translated posteriorly relative to the femur. All three points of the patella translated posteriorly relative to the tibia during a full range of flexion. An average of four and three millimetres proximal patellar translation relative to the tibia was demonstrated from 0 to 20° and 140 to 160° knee flexion, respectively.

Conclusions

Physiological sagittal plane patellar kinematics, including patellar flexion angles and translations relative to the femur and tibia, showed generally similar patterns for each subject. Measurements of dynamic radiographic images under weight-bearing activities may enhance the opportunity to identify patellar pathological conditions.