髁突骨软骨瘤与髁突增生患者的CT表现特点分析

目的:比较下颌骨髁突骨软骨瘤和单侧下颌骨髁突增生的CT表现特点。方法:对2005—2010年上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔颌面外科收治的下颌骨髁突骨软骨瘤11例和单侧下颌骨髁突增生8例患者的CT影像学资料进行评价,评价指标包括病变髁突大小、病变范围以及病变周围软硬组织改变。结果:11例下颌骨髁突骨软骨瘤病例CT显示肿瘤与病变髁突无明显分界(8/11)或与患侧髁突有蒂相连(3/11);肿瘤骨皮质及骨髓腔均与患侧髁突相续,瘤体表面均有特征性薄层软骨帽覆盖,瘤体外周密度通常高于中心;瘤体周围均有薄层软组织包绕。患侧颞骨关节面表面均有明显矿化,且因受瘤体压迫改建而较对侧平坦,患侧关节上、下腔间隙较对侧明显变窄;肿瘤生长方向不尽相同。8例单侧下颌骨髁突增生病例CT显示髁突颈部和(或)下颌支延长,髁突形状改变;增生的髁突外周骨皮质均有不同程度的骨化,硬化层厚度较对侧大;骨髓腔密度较不均匀。结论:CT检查能有效提供病变髁突及其周围软硬组织情况,为鉴别诊断下颌骨髁突骨软骨瘤和单侧下颌骨髁突增生提供良好的依据。     

Diagnostic value of computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and scintigraphy in diagnosing actinomycosis of the mandible

Mandibular actinomycosis is an uncommon disease caused by Actinomyces israelii. Actinomycosis infection typically manifests as a chronic disease resulting in multiple abscesses, firm soft tissue mass, and presence of sulfur granules in exudates or tissues. A few reports have provided imaging findings of actinomycosis in the head and neck, but computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and scintigraphy of mandibular actinomycosis have not been fully described. Here, we report a case of mandibular actinomycosis with CT, MRI, and scintigraphy. The purpose of this article is to characterize the CT, MRI, and scintigraphy findings in cases of actinomycosis. Contrast-enhanced CT of the masticator space showed heterogeneous enhancement and a nonenhancing portion, suggestive of necrotic foci. Bone tissue algorithm CT showed an osteolytic lesion in the ramus of the left mandible only. On post-contrast T1-weighted images, the masticator space showed heterogeneous enhancement and nonenhancing portion, suggestive of necrotic foci. Bone scintigraphy revealed monostatic involvement of the mandible with a homogeneous intense uptake pattern. Gallium scintigraphy revealed significantly increased uptake in the left side of the face. These findings can be helpful for differentiating actinomycosis from other tumors of the mandible.     

下颌骨髁突不同类型骨折钛板内固定手术治疗相关影响因素分析

目的：分析下颌骨髁突不同类型骨折进行钛板内固定手术及其影响术后并发症的相关因素,为以后下颌骨髁突骨折治疗总结经验以便更好的为患者服务。方法：收集温州医科大学附属口腔医院2003年4月~2012年4月手术完成的下颌骨髁突骨折行钛板内固定患者,手术前后复查对比下颌骨全景片、下颌骨平扫CT、下颌骨矢状CT及颅颌三维CT重建。依据下颌骨骨折部位分为髁突囊内骨折,髁突颈部骨折,髁突基部骨折3组,对3组骨折术后患者的咬合状况、开口度、面神经功能等恢复情况进行回顾性分析。结果：210例随访病例中,术后咬合关系恢复不良30例;螺钉松动57枚,钛板断裂0例,面神经颧支损伤15例,面神经颞支损伤30例,张口受限伴下颌运动曲线患侧偏斜35例。结论：解剖手术能力或者面神经的个体变异;创口感染;不适当的应力集中、钛板和螺钉的位置、数量及固定部位,颌间牵引,关节周围相关软组织复位状况等为影响下颌骨髁突骨折坚强内固定手术并发症相关因素。     

29例头颈部炎性肌纤维母细胞肿瘤的CT及MRI影像学特征分析

目的: 探讨头颈部炎性肌纤维母细胞肿瘤 (inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,IMT)的CT及MRI影像学特征,以提高该肿瘤的术前正确诊断。方法: 回顾性收集2012年1月——2018年12月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院初诊并经术后病理检查证实的29例头颈部IMT患者,总结分析患者术前CT及MRI影像学表现。结果: 29例头颈部IMT患者中,67.0%（20/29）的患者术前被误诊为恶性肿瘤。头颈部IMT的影像学表现多样,局限性软组织内肿块7例,软组织肿块伴邻近骨质破坏12例（颞下窝5例,上颌窦6例,颌面部广泛软组织病变1例）,骨内肿块10例（上颌骨5例,下颌骨4例,颞骨1例）。89.7%（26/29）病灶边界不清楚;75.9%（22/29）病灶有骨质破坏,34.5%（10/29）病灶骨质破坏与骨质增生硬化并存。8例患者沿神经孔道侵犯邻近结构（6例发生于颞下窝,其中4例侵犯翼腭窝,沿圆孔、卵圆孔累及颅内,2例侵犯眶尖视神经管;2例发生于下颌骨,侵犯下颌神经管）。头颈部IMT在CT平扫时呈等或稍低密度, 未见钙化,增强扫描呈中度至明显强化。在MRI上,9例T1WI呈等或稍低信号;7例T2WI呈低信号;9例DWI呈高信号,ADC值约（0.6~1.0）×10^-3mm²/s。TIC曲线Ⅰ型7例,Ⅱ型2例。均未出现颈淋巴结及远处转移。结论: 头颈部IMT的影像学特征与恶性肿瘤相近,但骨质破坏的同时伴有骨质增生硬化,T2WI呈低信号,TIC曲线以Ⅰ型为主,极少发生颈淋巴结及远处转移。结合CT、MRI及功能学检查,可在一定程度上反映病灶的组织构成,为术前正确诊断提供重要依据。     

A comparative study of magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for the evaluation of maxillary and mandibular tumors

The relative value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus computed tomography (CT) for imaging benign and malignant lesions of the maxilla and mandible was studied in a group of 16 patients. The imaging methods were evaluated for their ability to detect the lesion and define lesion margins, soft tissue extension, and bone involvement. The abnormality was identifiable with both imaging methods. For benign cystic lesions of either the maxilla or mandible (50%), MRI was overall equal to or better than CT. Magnetic resonance imaging was superior to CT in the evaluation of lesion margins and soft tissue extent of disease, whereas it was equal or slightly inferior to CT in lesion detection and in the evaluation of bone involvement. In the imaging of malignant neoplasms (50%), MRI was overall superior to CT in all four categories reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging also had the highest rate of correlation with clinical findings, either from physical examination or at the time of surgery.     

A case of sublingual adenoid cystic carcinoma involving the mandible presenting as a “skip lesion”

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a slowly growing malignant neoplasm with a propensity for perineural invasion. Microscopic invasion of ACC often prevents its detection on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We herein report a rare case of sublingual ACC presenting as a “skip lesion” that rapidly infiltrated the mandible after tumor resection. A 64-year-old man presented to Okayama University Hospital with an 18-month history of swelling in the right floor of the mouth. Clinical examination displayed an ulcerated swollen mass in that region. An enhanced mass was detected in the right sublingual space on CT and MRI. Bone surface erosion was observed at the inferior border of the mandible, but continuity with the sublingual mass or mass around that lesion was not detected by imaging. Sublingual tumor resection and selective neck dissection were performed by the pull-through method. Histopathologically, the surgical margins were free of cancer cells, and the tumor was diagnosed as ACC. Continuity with the sublingual mass and mandibular bone was not detected intraoperatively. However, marked bone resorption was detected in the anterior mandible 3 months after the operation. Biopsy was performed, and the findings indicated the same histological type of sublingual ACC. This case suggests that a malignant tumor close to the jaw bone requires the clinician to consider the possibility of bone invasion and to observe a wide region surrounding the tumor using imaging examination.     

髁突囊内骨折软组织损伤分类及预后评价

目的: 分析髁突囊内骨折软组织损伤的类型和自然愈合情况。方法: 回顾2010—2013年收治的髁突囊内骨折（intracapsular condylar fracutre, ICF）自然愈合的患者,要求有受伤1周内及3个月以上冠状CT、MRI随访资料,利用MRI对软组织损伤进行分类和随访,包括关节盘的移位情况、下颌支残端有无关节盘覆盖、盘后区撕裂和改建情况、关节囊外侧损伤、关节腔积液等,分析软组织损伤对ICF愈合的影响。结果: 12例患者的17侧髁突纳入研究。软组织损伤类型中,关节盘随髁突骨折块前移位17侧,占100%;下颌支残端有关节盘覆盖10侧,占58.8%,下颌支残端无关节盘覆盖7侧,占41.2%;盘后区撕裂11侧,占64.7%;关节囊破裂7侧,占41.2%;关节腔积液17侧,占100%。随访MRI显示,17侧关节盘位置与受伤时比较无改变;髁突表面均有新骨形成17侧,占100%;关节盘后区以增厚改建为主15侧,占88.2%;2例出现盘后区类骨样变伴撕裂,占11.8%;7侧关节囊损伤均修复;关节腔积液6侧完全吸收（35.3%）。结论: ICF软组织损伤类型有关节盘随髁突骨折块移位,盘后区撕裂,关节囊破裂和关节腔积液等。愈合方式以盘后区增厚改建、髁突表面新骨形成为主。     

Current problems in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries to the temporomandibular joint

Complex examination of 2103 patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injuries was carried out. This examination included contrast arthrotomography, computed tomography (CT) and MR tomography of the TMJ. It gas been established, that in mandibular condyle fractures not only bone structures of the TMJ, but also soft tissue ones (the articular disk and capsular-ligamentous apparatus) are being injured. Our investigation has shown that condylar fractures in the region of condylar base and neck are combined with the injuries of the articular disk and capsular-ligamentous apparatus in 54.1 +/- 5.4% cases, mandibular head fractures with its dislocation--in 100%. The term "TMJ injuries" reflecting the injuries of bone and soft tissue structures of the TMJ has been introduced. The classification of TMJ injuries including TMJ contusion, mandibular dislocations, condylar and glenoid fossa fractures, the injuries of the articular disk and capsular-ligamentous apparatus has been developed. Distant results of traditional methods of treatment used in TMJ trauma have been studied and the necessity of the restoring of correct relation: glenoid fossa --articular disk--mandibular head--has been shown. The method of TMJ reconstruction consisting in the restoration of TMJ bone structures and the articular disk and capsular-ligamentous apparatus has been developed.     

The effect of dietary consistency on bone mass and turnover in the growing rat mandible.

Hard and soft diets were fed to weanling rats for up to 8 weeks. Some animals were switched after 4 weeks to the opposite diet. A histomorphometric study of bone formation activity at the mandibular ramus, body, and condyle was made after in vivo fluorochrome labelling. Mineral apposition rates at the lateral and inferior periosteal surfaces of the ramus were lower in the soft diet than in the hard diet animals. The rate of bone formation at the lateral periosteal surface of the ramus was significantly lower in soft than in hard diet animals. The medial periosteal surface of the ramus sometimes changed to bone formation in the soft diet groups. Condylar cartilage zones were somewhat thinner in soft diet groups. In the mandibular body, differences due to dietary consistency were less marked than near the gonial angle. Adaptation of periosteal bone and condylar cartilage to a new dietary consistency occurred within 4 weeks of switching. These results suggest that lateral and inferior periosteal bone growth of the ramus and condylar elongation were slowed in rats consuming soft diets. Decreased functional force during rapid mandibular bone growth causes changes in shape. The changes are due to regional decreases in osteoblast function, realignment of bone formation surfaces in the ramus area, and slowed growth in the condylar cartilage.     

Intraosseous course of the inferior alveolar (dental) nerve and its relative position in the mandible.

The present study was planned to evaluate the position of the mandibular foramen (MF) and the course of the inferior alveolar nerve in 12 right and 14 left cadaveric hemimandibles. The soft tissue including the muscle attachments of the mandible was cleaned and the inferior neurovascular bundle was dissected up to the MF. The distances from the MF to the angle, symphysis menti, 3rd molar, and the lower point of the mandibular notch were measured. The bone was chiseled from its lingual surface to expose the mandibular canal. The distances from the nerve to the alveolar and inferior borders were measured. The distance from the MF to different landmarks did not show any side differences except the one to the symphysis menti (P<0.05; Mann-Whitney 'U' test). Similarly the distances from the nerve to the borders also did not show any significant side differences. These data indicate that, on average, MF is located at a symmetrical point on the ramus on either side, although, not exactly at a fixed distance from any landmarks tested. Further, the canals were located either at near to the middle or below near to the base of the mandible. This study concludes that, the location of the MF varies from bone to bone despite its bilateral symmetry. Further, the canal and consequently the nerve do not maintain a constant position in the mandible.     

下颌骨动静脉畸形的手术治疗

目的 探讨下颌骨动静脉畸型的治疗方法。方法 根据临床检查和血管造影确定畸形血管的血液供应，备术中结扎。采用颌下常规切口或口内升支前缘切口，暴露畸形血管的范围决定结扎血管的数量，去除颊侧骨皮质，刮除病变血管组织，如有松动牙可将其用单颌夹板固定。结果 2年后临床、X线和血管造影检查，下颌骨病变区完全骨化。没有复发，没有牙齿损伤，神经感觉恢复。结论 该手术方法可保留牙齿和下颌骨的连续性，可减少术中出血。     

Movement of temporomandibular joint tissues during mastication and passive manipulation in miniature pigs

Movement is an important aspect of the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). To track the relative movements of TMJ components, radio-opaque markers were implanted in the left squamosal bone, mandible and retrodiscal tissue of miniature pigs. Medial-lateral (ML) and dorsal-ventral (DV) fluoroscopic records were made 8-10 weeks later during chewing and passive manipulation. Marker movements were digitized from the videotapes. During passive manipulation, the deformation of the lateral capsule was also measured with a differential variable-reluctance transducer. The results provide new details about porcine chewing pattern, which is distinguished by a regularly alternating chewing side. During masticatory opening, the mandible had a centre of rotation (CR) well inferior to the condyle and close to the angle. In contrast, the passive opening movement showed a higher CR location close to the condylar neck, indicating a different motion from masticatory opening. The retrodiscal tissue followed the movements of the mandibular condyle during both mastication and passive manipulation. The lateral capsule elongated during ipsilateral shifts and retrusion, implying a possible role in limiting such movements. These movement characteristics provide a useful reference for studies on the TMJ using pigs.     

Biomineralization and adaptive plasticity of the temporomandibular joint in myostatin knockout mice

Mice lacking myostatin (GDF-8), a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, show a significant increase in muscle mass versus normal mice. We compared wild-type and myostatin deficient mice to assess the postnatal effect of elevated masticatory loads due to increased jaw-adductor muscle activity and greater bite forces on mandibular condyle morphology. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to provide details of internal condylar morphology and quantify bone density in three condylar regions. Biomineralization levels, as well as external mandibular dimensions, were used to characterize within-slice, within-joint, within-group and between-group variation. Dimensions of the mandible and mandibular condyle were similar between the myostatin knockout and normal mice. Knockout mice exhibited significantly more biomineralization on the outer surface of the condylar subchondral bone and along the condylar neck, most notably on the buccal side of the condylar neck. The buccal side of the inner aspect of the condyle was significantly less biomineralized in knockout mice, both for the pooled data and for the posterior and anterior condylar slices. Whilst normal mice had symmetric subchondral bone surfaces, those of knockout mice were asymmetric, with a lower, less convex surface on the buccal side versus the lingual side. This appears related to the ontogenetic effects of increased masticatory stress in the mandibles of knockout mice as compared to normal mice. Significant differences in biomineralization between normal and myostatin knockout mice, coupled with the lack of significant differences in certain external dimensions, underscores a need for information on the external and internal morphology of mineralized tissues vis-à-vis altered or excessive mechanical loads.     

Prosthetic management of neuromuscular rehabilitation in hemimandibulectomy patients. A case report

The radio-surgical treatments for carcinomas involving the oral cavity are often destructive in order to limit as much as possible the high rate of recidivism. The outcome of the combined treatment is represented by lesions on hard and soft healthy tissues besides naturally by a more or less important mandibular deviation depending on greater or lesser quantity of basal bone excised. In some cases it is possible to surgically restore the defective mandible through bone grafting; this means a quite perfect restitutio ad integrum of the mandibular arch; instead, in other cases, because of bone and soft tissue biology, general healthy state and age of the patient prosthetic management would be better as it is less invasive even if less resolutive. For a right tonsillar cavity carcinoma the patient, T. F., female, 73-year old, had undergone radical neck dissection and hemisection of the homolateral mandible. A guide-device was realized for "guiding" the residual mandible into the physiological centric occlusion position, and then a removable partial denture was realized as a definitive prosthesis. After 3 months therapy the patient was easily able to spontaneously reposition the hemimandible itself, also with considerable improvement of the masticatory function. Neuromuscular re-education of hemimandibulectomy patients via the use of a guide flange on a removable prosthesis applied to the residual mandible represents a fundamental condition for permanent prosthetic rehabilitation.     

Mandibular antegonial and ramus notch depths and condylar bone change

The present study sought to clarify the relationship between antegonial and ramus notch depths and condylar bone change, and analyse the effects of such change on craniofacial structure. The study sample was of 28 pre-orthodontic patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, who underwent helical computed tomography to diagnose their TMJ pathology. Craniofacial structures were compared between 14 subjects with bilateral condylar bone change (BBC group: two male and 12 female) and 14 subjects with no bone change (NBC group: two male and 12 female). Sella-nasion-point B (SNB) and point A-nasion-point B (ANB) angles were significantly smaller in BBC than in NBC, with ramus height and mandibular body lengths significantly shorter in BBC than in NBC. The BBC lower facial height and SN-Go-Ar angle, as well as antegonial and ramus notch depths, were significantly greater than in NBC, and the mandible was significantly more retruded in BBC than in NBC. These results showed that condylar bone change might be related not only to mandibular size (e.g. retrusion) but also to mandibular outline (including antegonial and ramus notch depth).     

Articular soft tissue injuries associated with mandibular condyle fractures and the effects on oral function

The majority of studies debating the optimization of treatment for condylar mandibular fractures focus on the bony aspect first. However, fractures of the mandibular condyle may go together with soft tissue injury of the temporomandibular joint. An electronic literature search for this topic was undertaken. Assessment of quality was carried out using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Sixteen articles were included in this review. The reviewed literature showed that intracapsular fractures and dislocated condylar fractures result in more severe injuries. Serious injury to the disc and capsule of the temporomandibular joint is a contributing factor towards development of complications after closed treatment. The results of this review give an overview of the published studies focusing on articular soft tissue injuries caused by condylar mandibular fractures. Additionally, an overview of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) settings used to detect these injuries is provided. Until now, the relation between soft tissue injuries and type of condylar trauma and their influence on clinical outcome has been insufficiently investigated. Before considering reduction of soft tissues next to reduction of the fracture, more research is needed into the impact of soft tissue injuries on oral functioning, in which a uniform classification is used.     

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the mandible in a 7-year-old girl: report of a case and review of the literature

Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle origin that manifests itself uncommonly in the oral cavity because of the paucity of smooth muscle in that location. To the best of our knowledge, only 10 cases of leiomyosarcoma primary to the jawbones have been reported in the English language literature. We report the first pediatric case of leiomyosarcoma arising from the mandible. Facial asymmetry and swelling were accompanied by a rapidly growing exophytic soft tissue mass that caused buccal displacement of the mandibular left permanent first molar. The lesion, observed radiographically as an extensive ill-defined area of osteolytic alveolar destruction, perforated the lingual cortex, displaced the inferior alveolar nerve canal inferiorly, and produced a "floating-in-air" appearance of the first molar. Diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was made after initial incisional biopsy of the lesion. A 5-cm segmental mandibulectomy and supraomohyoid neck dissection were followed by reconstruction with a dynamic mandibular reconstruction plate and placement of a multidimensional mandibular distraction device in a transport rectangle of bone to promote bifocal distraction osteogenesis. Forty millimeters of distraction (the technical limit of the device) were performed; this was followed by terminal iliac crest bone grafting. Seventeen months after the definitive surgical procedure, the patient remains free of disease.     

Evaluation of treatment with unilateral mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy and maxillary osteotomy in patients with condylar osteochondroma and mandibular asymmetry: A retrospective case series

The aim of the study was to describe an approach where condylar resection with condylar neck preservation was combined with Le Fort I osteotomy and unilateral mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO).Patients with a unilateral condylar osteochondroma combined with dentofacial deformity and facial asymmetry who underwent surgery between January 2020 and December 2020 were enrolled. The operation included condylar resection, Le Fort I osteotomy and contralateral mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Simplant Pro 11.04 software was used to reconstruct and measure the preoperative and postoperative craniomaxillofacial CT images. The deviation and rotation of the mandible, change in the occlusal plane, position of the “new condyle” and facial symmetry were compared and evaluated during follow-up. Three patients were included in the present study. The patients were followed up for 9.6 months on average (range, 8–12). Immediate postoperative CT images showed that the mandible deviation and rotation and occlusion plane canting decreased significantly postoperatively; facial symmetry was improved but still compromised. During the follow-up, the mandible gradually rotated to the affected side, the position of the “new condyle” moved further inside toward the fossa, and both the mandible rotation and facial symmetry were more significantly improved.Within the limitations of the study it seems that for some patients a combination of condylectomy with condylar neck preservation and unilateral mandibular SSRO can be effective in achieving facial symmetry.     

A 3-dimensional finite-element analysis investigating the biomechanical behavior of the mandible and plate osteosynthesis in cases of fractures of the condylar process

OBJECTIVE: The condylar region is one of the most frequent sites for mandibular fractures, with direct application of miniplates being the most commonly used open-fixation technique today. Yet, anatomic and biomechanical limitations continue to make this application technically challenging with a considerable complication rate. We sought to analyze such incongruencies with respect to the complex biomechanical behavior of the mandible. STUDY DESIGN: Individual human mandible geometry, the specific bone density distribution, and the position and orientation of the masticatory muscles were evaluated by performing computed tomography scans and a sequential dissection of the cadaver mandible. Three-dimensional finite-element analysis was performed for different fracture sites, osteosynthesis plates, and loading conditions. RESULTS: Osteosynthesis of fractures of the condylar neck with 1 or 2 miniplates of a diameter of 2.35 x 1.00 mm was found to be an insufficient fixation method. This also applies for plates (3.60 x 1.54 mm), according to Pape et al,(8) when used in singular fashion (high condylar neck fractures excepted). In cases of singular occlusal contacts in the molar region (particularly at the contralateral side of the fracture), the highest stress values inside the mandible and osteosynthetic devices could be observed. With even the static yield limit of titanium being exceeded in such cases, consecutive rapid failure of the miniplates becomes most likely when loading of the condylar region caused by bite forces cannot be prevented. CONCLUSION: We strongly recommend the use, whenever possible, of 2 plates in the manner described by Pape et al(8) for osteosynthesis of fractures of the condylar neck in combination with bicortically placed screws. The stiffness of a singular osteosynthesis plate made of titanium in a diametrical dimension of approximately 5.0 x 1.75 mm was found to be equivalent to the physiological bone stiffness in the investigated fracture sites. The actual stiffness of such a fixation plate is approximately 3 times higher than the stiffness of devices commonly in use.     

无髁突骨折颞下颌关节急性创伤后的变化:影像学和手术所见

目的:通过CT、MRI及手术探查观察无髁突骨折颞下颌关节急性创伤后的变化,为该疾患的早期诊治提供依据。方法:上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔颌面外科关节组2009—2010年收治的无髁突骨折颞下颌关节急性创伤患者7例11侧关节纳入研究。所有患者伤前均无关节症状,但在伤后出现长时间的关节区疼痛和开口受限,其中6例合并面部骨折,曾在其他医院或由其他医师手术治疗。所有患者均进行了关节区的MRI检查,对受伤后即刻和再次就诊的CT进行比较。所有病例进行了手术探查,术中所见进一步证实影像学的变化。结果:CT显示,87.5%(7/8)的髁突在受伤即刻表面骨质"完好",而伤后1个月至1a出现骨质破坏。伤后1个月至1a的MRI检查显示,所有11侧关节均出现盘前移位,90.9%(10/11)的髁突伴骨质破坏。手术探查显示,2侧关节出现骨性黏连,3侧关节髁突表面骨质破坏与关节窝纤维性黏连,5侧关节髁突表面软骨变性伴黏连,1侧关节髁突表面软骨无明显破坏,关节盘前移位但形态尚可。结论:无髁突骨折的颞下颌关节急性创伤如伴关节盘前移位,可导致骨关节病和(或)关节强直。