颅脑损伤并发低钠血症的临床诊断和治疗分析

目的探讨颅脑损伤并发低钠血症的临床诊断和治疗措施。方法记录并回顾性总结2008年7月-2013年8月我科收治的65例颅脑损伤并发低钠血症的资料。结果 65例颅脑损伤并发低钠血症中58例尿钠、血钠恢复至正常,3例因颅脑严重损伤死亡,2例长期高钠饮食而维持正常血钠水平,2例患者的家属要求放弃治疗,无1例患者因低钠血症而致死。结论颅脑损伤并发低钠血症应及时诊断并确定类型,针对不同类型积极处理,能够有效降低死亡率,改善预后。     

颅脑损伤并发低钠血症的临床诊断和治疗分析

目的探讨颅脑损伤并发低钠血症的临床诊断和治疗措施。方法记录并回顾性总结2008年7月-2013年8月我科收治的65例颅脑损伤并发低钠血症的资料。结果 65例颅脑损伤并发低钠血症中58例尿钠、血钠恢复至正常,3例因颅脑严重损伤死亡,2例长期高钠饮食而维持正常血钠水平,2例患者的家属要求放弃治疗,无1例患者因低钠血症而致死。结论颅脑损伤并发低钠血症应及时诊断并确定类型,针对不同类型积极处理,能够有效降低死亡率,改善预后。     

重度颅脑损伤后中枢性低钠血症21例诊治体会

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤后中枢性低钠血症的诊治方法及临床效果。方法回顾性分析2008年1月-2013年3月间收治的重度颅脑损伤后并发中枢性低钠血症21例患者的临床资料。结果 21例患者中确诊SIADH者8例,经限水试验血钠回升,治疗5--13 d后7例血钠恢复正常,治疗时间平均9.5 d,1例死于原发重度脑损伤。13例确诊CSWS者经补充血容量、补钠治疗6～17 d,4例给予氟氢可的松辅助治疗,12例低血钠得到纠正,平均恢复时间10.4 d,1例因原发性脑损伤过重死亡。结论重型颅脑损伤后中枢性低钠血症应及早发现,注重监测与鉴别诊断,明确病因,早期确诊与治疗,可提高疗效,改善患者预后。     

重型颅脑损伤并发中枢性低钠血症68例临床分析

目的:探讨重型颅脑损伤并发中枢性低钠血症的病因、发病机制、鉴别诊断及防治.方法:总结我院重型颅脑外伤后中枢性低钠血症患者68例,根据其临床特点及检查结果诊断为脑性盐耗综合征(CSWS)39例和抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征(SIADH)29例,对其检查结果进行分析,并分别给予补液补盐或限液补盐等相应治疗.结果:重型颅脑损伤患者出现低钠血症的时间为伤后2～16d,平均(5.24±2.38)d;低钠血症持续时间3～14d,平均(4.74±1.65)d.CSWS组与SIADH组CVP水平有显著差异.结论:对重型颅脑损伤患者应密切监测血钠浓度,准确鉴别中枢性低钠血症的类型是有效治疗的前提条件.     

重型颅脑损伤并发中枢性低钠血症的临床诊治分析

目的 探讨重型颅脑损伤后中枢性低钠血症的发病机制、诊断和治疗。方法选取入住该院ICU的50例重型颅脑损伤并发中枢性低钠血症的患者,其中男性患者为35例,女性15例,年龄在27～80岁,平均年龄为50岁。对于SIADH患者,对其施行限水治疗,给予适当调整脱水药剂量,并给予钠盐的补充以避免低钠性脑水肿的发生,治疗效果不明显的患者加用盐皮质激素治疗,以促进肾小管能够对钠更好的吸收。对于CSWS患者,依据中心静脉压等对其补充血容量以及给予适量的抗利尿性激素治疗,同时给予钠盐的补充,包括每天生理需要的氯化钠,治疗的过程中,加强定期监测,包括中心静脉压、血钠、血浆渗透压、尿钠、尿量等。结果经过治疗之后,患者中大部分血钠回升至正常水平,尿钠逐渐下降。50例患者中,其中48例患者治疗6-20d之内,血钠均恢复至正常水平;2例患者治疗3d后自动出院、放弃治疗。结论对于颅脑损伤并发中枢性低钠血症患者,应给予及时的监测,尽早发现并治疗中枢低钠血症。     

颅脑损伤并发低钠血症63例临床护理体会

目的:总结探讨颅脑损伤并发低钠血症的护理方法。方法:收集潢川县人民医院2009年4月至2011年8月收治的63例颅脑损伤并发低钠血症患者的临床资料,进行回顾性分析。结果:经过合理补液和口服食盐治疗,本组63例患者血钠水平全部恢复正常。结论:颅脑损伤并发低钠血症的护理要点为密切观察患者意识及生命体征,监测血钠水平,及时诊断低钠血症并通过静脉、口服剂或鼻饲补钠。     

老年颅脑损伤后并发低钠血症的治疗体会

目的通过总结老年颅脑损伤后并发低钠血症患者的治疗体会,探讨老年患者颅脑损伤后并发低钠血症的病因、处理方法及治疗效果。方法对神经外科于2009—2012年所收治的36例老年颅脑损伤后治疗过程中并发低钠血症患者的病因、发病机制、临床表现、治疗过程等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果在36名患者中,其中按低钠程度分类有轻度低钠血症16例,中度低钠血症15例,重度低钠血症5例;按病因分类有营养性低钠血症22例,抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征（SIADH）7例,脑性盐耗综合征（CSWS）5例,中枢性尿崩2例;根据不同病因给予相应治疗方案治疗后,其中30例患者血钠于1～2周内逐渐恢复正常,3例患者低血钠经纠正后又反复出现低钠血症持续约一个半月才恢复,另3例患者低钠血症纠正但死于原发脑损伤过重或其他并发症。结论低钠血症是老年颅脑损伤后患者的常见并发症,是脑外伤后加重脑水肿和神经功能损害的重要原因,在对老年颅脑损伤患者的治疗过程中应密切监测血钠浓度,及时发现低钠血症并鉴别其类型,同时根据低钠血症的发生机制及类型,采取不同的针对性的治疗方法,并且积极治疗控制原发病,均能及时纠正低钠血症,显著改善患者的预后。     

重型颅脑损伤并发低钠血症65例诊治体会

目的 探讨重型颅脑损伤并发低钠血症的发病机制,诊断和处理原则,治疗效果.方法 回顾分析65例重型颅脑损伤并发低钠血症患者的临床资料.结果 65例患者全部根据检测结果接受补液补钠治疗,同时给予抗利尿激素和盐皮质激素.本组死亡9 例.结论 准确认识,及时正确处理重型颅脑损伤并发低钠血症,可以改善患者的预后.     

护理干预对重型颅脑损伤并发中枢性低钠血症患者的临床疗效分析与探讨

目的 护理干对重型颅损伤并发中枢性低钠血症患者的临床观察.方法 回顾性分析我院自2008年2月～2011年6月 对39例重型颅脑损伤并发中枢性低钠血症患者的观察与护理进行分析,针对动态监测血钠、尿钠和中心静脉压的变化,正确合理补液,加强健康教育和基础护理.结果 22例抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征(SIADH)患者18例血钠恢复正常,2例自动出院,2例死于肺部感染.16例脑性盐耗综合征患者154例血钠恢复正常,1例自动出院,1例死于颅内感染.结论 掌握重型颅脑损伤后易出现中枢性低钠血症的发病机制和护理,控制补盐、补液的速度,早期康复护理干预能有效地促进重型颅脑损伤患者神经功能康复,并能减少残障,提高患者生存质量.     

颅脑损伤并发中枢性低钠血症的诊治体会

目的:分析总结颅脑损伤并发中枢性低钠血症的临床特点与病因,对其发病机制与诊断治疗进行探讨.方法:对我院2000年1月～2009年12月收治的86例颅脑损伤并发中枢性低钠血症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:86例患者中出现脑性盐耗综合症(CSWS)的患者有62例,出现抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征(SIADH)患者24例....     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.