彩色多普勒超声在门脉高压症中的应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声对判断或预测食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声检查４３例门脉高压症和４０例对照组的门脉系统血流动力学参数,并计算脾静脉血流量／门静脉血流量（ＱＳＶ／ＱＰＶ）比值。结果：门脉高压时脾门静脉增宽,血流量增大,但血流速度较对照组显著降低（ｐ〈０．０１或ｐ〈０．０５）;以上参数在门脉高压伴食管胃底静脉典张破裂出因组与无出血组比较无显著差异（ｐ〉０．０５）;阂脉     

彩色多普勒超声在肝硬化门脉高压食管静脉曲张破裂出血中的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声在肝硬化门脉高压食管静脉曲张破裂出血中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2014年8月~2015年8月本院收治的30例肝硬化门静脉高压合并食管静脉曲张患者的临床资料,依据超声检查前、后3个月观察有无呕血、黑便史,经电子胃镜检查证实是否有食管静脉曲张破裂出血分为出血组17例,未出血组13例,采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测脾静脉内径、脾静脉血流速度、门静脉内径、门静脉血流速度、胃左静脉内径、胃左静脉血流速度,计算脾静脉血流量、门静脉血流量、胃左静脉血流量。结果:出血组脾静脉内径、血流量大于非出血组,而血流速度小于非出血组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出血组门静脉内径明显大于非出血组,血流速度小于非出血组,差异统计学意义(P<0.05),而血流量比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);出血组胃左静脉内径大于非出血组,血流速度小于非出血组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而血流量比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声能够检测脾静脉、门静脉、胃左静脉内径及其相关血流动力学变化指标,特别是检测静脉内径、血流速度及脾静脉血流量对预测肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血风险简单有效。     

彩色多普勒对肝硬化门静脉系统血流动力学的检测意义

目的:观察彩色多普勒对肝硬化患者门静脉系统血流动力学的检测意义,探讨与上消化道出血的关系。方法:对62例肝硬化患者于空腹行彩色多普勒超声探查门静脉系统。结果:肝硬化组的门静脉、脾静脉及肠系膜上静脉直径增宽,血流速度显著下降;脾静脉血流量(Qsv)显著高于正常对照组(748.90±382.16ml/min、242.96±113.53ml/min,P<0.01)。肝硬化出血组脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉直径增宽、流速加快、血流量明显增多,Qsv/Qpv比值增大。结论:动态观测门静脉系统血流动力学指标对判断门静脉高压上消化道出血的危险性有重要意义。     

超声检查对肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血的血流动力学研究

目的:研究彩色多普勒超声技术在静脉肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者中的血流动力学变化。方法:将78例肝硬化患者根据患者是否有食管静脉曲张破裂出血分为两组,每组39例,对照组食管静脉曲张未破裂出血,研究组食管静脉曲张破裂出血,两组患者均采用彩色多普勒超声测量门静脉、脾静脉和胃左静脉内径、平均血流速度、血流量及方向,比较两组患者血流动力学差异。结果:研究组患者血管内径、血流流速、血流量,显著低于对照组(P<0.05);胃左静脉血流方向在EBV阳性为离肝性者为92.3%(36/39),显著高于EBV阴性者(23.1%(9/39);EBV阳性患者胃左静脉血流方向为离肝者与EBV阴性患者相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);入选患者胃左静脉离肝血流方法进行预测灵敏度为92.3%,特异度为75.7%,准确度为84.2%;而以胃左静脉离肝血流流速(≥16cm/s)预测患者出血的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分为达到71.8%、91.9%以及81.6%。结论:采用彩色多普勒超声检查,可预测肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂患者的食管静脉曲张出血。     

β受体阻滞剂预防食管胃静脉曲张出血应用进展

食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血是肝硬化门脉高压的严重并发症,死亡率高.β-受体阻滞剂心得安用于治疗门脉高压症有近30年历史,在预防食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血方面积累了大量临床资料.     

彩色多普勒超声在肝硬化门脉高压中的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在肝硬化门静脉高压中的诊断价值。方法选择肝硬化伴门静脉高压患者120例为观察组,100例健康志愿者为对照组,以彩色多普勒超声评价门静脉属支、主干、分支情况。结果观察组门静脉内径均值为（1.47±0.15）cm,脾静脉内径均值为（1.08±0.19）cm,均明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）。观察组患者血流量Qsv/Qpv均值为（0.49±0.09）,显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。在观察组中,门静脉内径≥1.4cm患者发生重度食管胃底静脉曲张的比例为39.1%,显著高于门静脉内径〈1.4cm者;脾静脉内径≥1.0cm患者发生重度食管胃底静脉曲张的比例为43.5%,显著高于脾静脉内径〈1.0cm者（P〈0.05）。结论彩色多普勒超声可以准确的评价门静脉高压患者门静脉及其分支的径线和血流动力学改变,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

门脉高压症患者食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的治疗

食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血是门脉高压症最常见和最危险的严重并发症,是导致大约1/3肝硬化患者死亡的原因[1].食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的临床特点是:出血量大,再次出血发生率高,每次出血均可使肝功能恶化,病死率高,是外科治疗的难题之一.本文对我院1995年以来收治的136例门脉高压症所致食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者的治疗情况作一分析.     

门脉高压症患者门静脉系统血流动力学的变化

目的探讨肝硬化门脉高压患者门脉系统血流动力学参数变化及其临床意义。方法应用多普勒超声检测50例肝硬化门脉高压症患者门脉系统血流动力学参数,并以18例正常体检患者对照研究。分析两组间门脉系统相关血管血流动力学参数差异。结果病例组门静脉、脾静脉和脾动脉血管内径及其血流量较对照组均呈显著性增大（P〈0.01）,血流速度亦有增加,但无统计学显著意义（P〉0.05）。病例组脾静脉血流量/门静脉血流量（Qp/Qsv）为82.4%（1360.60/1650.57）,而对照组脾静脉血流量/门静脉血流量（Qp/Qsv）仅为37.7%（364.31/965.69）,两组间比较具有统计学显著性意义（P〈0.01）。结论门静脉高压患者存在门静脉系统血流动力学变化。提示其在门静脉高压症的发病机制中起重要作用。     

门脉高压症血管构型改建及其机制

肝硬化门脉高压症合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血是严重威胁我国人民生命健康的严重疾病，为了更好地预防和治疗本病，亟待在发病机制上有较大突破。目前，门脉高压症血管病变是国内外研究热点之一。门脉高压症时门静脉血流动力学处于一种持续高压力和高血流量并存的特殊状态。因此，其血管病变有其自身固有的特性。本文重点论述门脉高压症内脏血管构型改建及其机制，希望为门脉高压症的治疗提供新的理论基础。     

吻合器食管横断治疗食管静脉曲张破裂大出血26例

食管、胃底静脉曲张破裂大出血是肝硬化门脉高压症最严重的并发症，也是临床常见的急重症，且大多数患者经积极的非手术治疗无明显疗效。大约有50%～60％的肝硬化门脉高压患者死于食道、胃底静脉曲张破裂大出血。自2003年以来，该科通过应用吻合器施行食管、横断的联合门脉断流术治疗26例肝硬化门脉高压症合并食管、胃底静脉曲张破裂大出血的患者，取得了满意的疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.