前入路腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术9例报告

目的　探讨前入路腹腔镜技术在肾上腺手术中的应用。方法　 2 0 0 1年 10月～ 2 0 0 2年 8月共行前入路腹腔镜肾上腺切除术 9例。其中原发性醛固酮增多症 5例 ,嗜铬细胞瘤 3例 ,皮质醇增多症 1例。结果　 9例手术均获得成功。手术时间 80～ 2 3 0min ,平均 (12 8± 5 8 6)min。 5 0～ 2 10ml,平均出血 (96± 43 )ml。所有患者术中及术后均未输血 ,无明显并发症。术后病理证实为良性病变。结论　腹腔镜肾上腺切除术具有损伤小、术后恢复快和住院时间短等优点 ,而前入路腹腔镜肾上腺手术具有视野清晰、解剖关系明显操作空间大的优点 ,可用于大多数肾上腺良性肿瘤的治疗 ,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

腹腔镜下肾上腺良性肿瘤切除术中经腹腔与经腹膜后途径的疗效比较

目的比较与评价腹腔镜下经腹腔与经腹膜后途径在治疗肾上腺肿瘤中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析64例接受腹腔镜下经腹腔与经经腹膜后途径治疗的肾上腺肿瘤患者的临床资料,统计分析这两种术式在手术时间,术中出血量,术后肠功能恢复时间,术后住院时间及并发症发生率等方面的差异。结果 30例腹腔镜下经腹腔手术患者均获得成功。34例腹腔镜下经经腹膜后途径手术,除1例因病变周围粘连严重,1例因肾周脂肪层过厚中转开放手术,其余32例腹腔镜下经经腹膜后途径手术患者均获得成功。两组平均手术时间;平均手术出血量;术后肠功能恢复时间;术后住院时间等方面分别为(130±47)和(98±68)min,(79.1±61.0)和(58.3±61)mL,(2.9±0.7)和(1.9±0.6)d,(9.7±1.4)和(6.6±1.0)d。差异有显著性,P<0.05。结论腹腔镜下经腹膜后肾上腺肿瘤切除术手术时间,术后肠功能恢复时间及术后住院时间较短,手术出血量也低,值得临床应用。     

后腹腔镜下巨大肾上腺肿瘤切除术5例并文献回顾

目的评估巨大肾上腺肿瘤(大于6 cm)的临床特点,腹腔镜下肾上腺切除术的适应证和技术方法。方法回顾性分析该院2011年6月~2012年11月后腹腔镜下巨大肾上腺肿瘤切除术5例。结果 5例后腹腔镜下巨大肾上腺肿瘤切除术手术成功,术后恢复良好,平均手术时间138 min,平均出血量172 mL,平均补液量5986 mL。术后2~4 d肠功能恢复,3~5 d拔除引流管,术后平均住院时间9 d,无明显外科并发症,术后病理检查嗜铬细胞瘤4例,肾上腺肌纤维母细胞肉瘤(LGMS)1例。结论随着对肾上腺肿瘤诊断、术前准备和术者操作技术的娴熟,后腹腔镜下肾上腺切除术已经成为肾上腺肿瘤一种行之有效的治疗方式。     

后腹腔镜术治疗肾上腺肿瘤23例

目的评价后腹腔镜术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的疗效、安全性,并总结治疗体会。方法2000年10月￣2005年6月,应用腹腔镜经腹膜后途径行肾上腺肿瘤摘除术20例,肾上腺切除术3例。结果22例成功,首例中转开放手术。手术时间65￣225min,平均138min。所有患者术中、术后均未输血。术后恢复顺利,术后住院3￣9d,平均4.8d。术后病理诊断:肾上腺无功能腺瘤9例,原发性醛固酮症腺瘤6例,肾上腺囊肿4例,嗜铬细胞瘤2例,皮质醇腺瘤1例,肾上腺髓性脂肪瘤1例。结论后腹腔镜术治疗肾上腺肿瘤,手术安全、有效、创伤小,病人痛苦轻,术后恢复快。     

后腹腔镜与开放手术行肾上腺肿瘤切除术的效果比较

目的通过比较,评价后腹腔镜与开放手术行肾上腺肿瘤切除术的临床价值。方法将46例后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术患者与同期58例开放手术行肾上腺肿瘤切除术患者的临床效果进行比较。结果后腹腔镜手术组的术中出血量、术后止痛剂的用量、术后住院时间、术后恢复工作的时间均优于开放手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组在手术时间、手术费用上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术具有创伤小、术中出血少、术后恢复快等优点,已成为现代肾上腺肿瘤手术治疗的金标准。     

后腹腔镜在肾上腺手术中的应用

目的 探讨后腹腔镜在肾上腺手术中的应用。方法 采用后腹腔镜完成6例肾上腺肿瘤切除术。结果 6例全部获得成功，肾上腺皮质腺瘤4例(原发性醛固酮增多症3例，无功能腺瘤1例)，嗜铬细胞瘤2例，术后病理检查证实。手术时间100～165分钟，平均130分钟。术后5～9天出院，平均6．5天，所有病例均未输血。结论 后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术具有创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快等优点，有望成为肾上腺占位性病变首选的手术方法。     

自制单孔后腹腔镜解剖性肾上腺肿瘤切除术

目的初步探讨自制套管单孔后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术的可行性和安全性。方法 2010年1月~2012年11月,对21例肾上腺肿瘤患者行单孔后腹腔镜下解剖性肾上腺肿瘤切除术。男14例,女7例,平均43(19~56)岁,平均体质量指数23.4 kg/m2;均为腹膜后入路。结果瘤体直径1.5~4.0 cm,左侧8例,右侧13例;无功能皮质腺瘤4例,醛固酮瘤13例,肾上腺囊肿2例,淋巴血管瘤1例,嗜铬细胞瘤1例。21例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放及转为标准腹腔镜手术,手术时间(92.8±21.6)min,出血量(64.3±11.3)mL,术中无并发症发生,术后第1天疼痛评分0~3分,未用镇痛剂,术后平均住院时间4 d,短期随访无术后并发症发生,醛固酮瘤患者血钾均恢复至正常范围,2例血压下降但仍需服用降压药物。结论采用自制套管行单孔后腹腔镜下解剖性肾上腺肿瘤切除术具有安全、有效及操作方便等优点,具有良好的应用前景。但具体收益尚需更进一步的来自良好实验设计的数据来论证。     

腹腔镜手术在肾上腺肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的 探讨经腹腔途径和经后腹膜腔途径腹腔镜在肾上腺肿瘤手术中的应用。方法 应用腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤30例，其中13例采用经腹腔途径，17例经后腹膜腔途径。结果 30例手术全部成功，手术时间45～250min，其中经腹腔途径80～250min，平均160min。经后腹腔途径45～180min．平均105min。术中出血20～150ml，其中经腹腔途径组40～150ml，平均80ml。后腹膜腔途径组20～90ml平均50ml。所有病人均未输血。30例病人术后平均住院3～10d，经腹腔途径平均7d，后腹膜腔途径5d。结论 腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤，具有创伤小，康复快，安全可靠的优点。后腹膜腔途径相对腹腔途径创伤更小，康复更快是治疗肾上腺肿瘤的理想方法。     

后腹腔镜肾上腺手术经验体会(附186例报告)

目的总结后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术的体会并探讨其手术技巧。方法回顾分析自1997年4月~2003年6月该院利用后腹腔镜技术进行的186例肾上腺手术, 将2001年前进行的105例手术与其后进行的81例手术在患者年龄、病种、肿瘤大小、手术时间、术中出血量、术后平均住院日及术后平均下床时间和进食时间、术后并发症等各指标进行对比。结果两组手术在患者年龄、病种、肿瘤大小方面无差异(P>0.05),但在平均手术时间和术中平均出血量上取得明显进步(P<0.05),而术后平均住院日、术后平均下床时间和进食时间及术后并发症上无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术手术入路直接,对患者创伤小,恢复快,提高手术技巧有助于缩短手术时间和减少术中出血。     

腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺肿瘤57例

目的:探讨腹膜后腹腔镜手术在肾上腺肿瘤切除术中的应用。方法:采用腹膜后腹腔镜手术完成肾上腺肿瘤切除术57例。结果:57例均获成功。手术时间60～150min,平均105min;失血量30～100mL,平均55mL,术中及术后均未输血。术后住院6～12d,平均9d。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜肾上腺切除手术具有对组织损伤小、出血少,术后恢复快,并发症少,术后患者康复快,住院时间短等优点,是治疗肾上腺肿瘤首选的手术方法。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.