老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重病人发生静脉血栓栓塞症的临床特征和危险因素分析

目的探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)病人发生静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)的临床特征和危险因素。方法纳入2016年1月至2019年12月在我院确诊的老年AECOPD病人208例为研究对象,根据是否发生VTE分为AECOPD+VTE组(49例)和AECOPD组(159例),收集临床资料、实验室检查指标,比较2组临床特征,并分析发生VTE的危险因素。结果AECOPD+VTE组肌间静脉的栓塞发生率最高,在年龄<80岁和≥80岁的病人中分别为64.0%和91.7%。2组年龄、静脉血栓病史、近3 d制动或卧床史、不对称下肢水肿、合并冠心病、肺功能GOLD严重程度分级、血清白蛋白和D-二聚体水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,深静脉血栓病史、合并冠心病、D-二聚体升高是老年AECOPD病人发生VTE的独立危险因素。结论老年AECOPD病人发生VTE时,下肢肌间静脉血栓的发生率高;深静脉血栓病史、合并冠心病、D-二聚体升高是老年AECOPD病人发生VTE的独立危险因素。     

45例老年肺癌合并静脉血栓栓塞症患者的临床观察

目的分析老年肺癌合并静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）患者的临床危险因素。方法选取我院收治的1026例经确诊的肺癌患者为研究对象,并分析以下相关因素：患者年龄、性别、病理类型、治疗前血小板计数、白细胞介素1（IL-1）、D-二聚体、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）。结果上述肺癌患者中,45例（4.39%）患者并发静脉血栓栓塞。相关因素方面,血小板计数、IL-1、D-二聚体、TNF水平正常的患者VTE发生率分别为3.71%、0.32%、2.43%和3.26%,而上述水平升高的患者VTE发生率分别为6.27%、19.92%、10.31%和7.81%,差异明显（P〈0.05）。Logistic分析,IL-1、D-二聚体、TNF水平升高是肺癌患者并发静脉血栓栓塞症的临床危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论肺癌患者发生VTE的危险因素为IL-1、D-二聚体和TNF。     

慢性阻塞性肺病并发静脉血栓栓塞危险因素分析

目的 探讨COPD发生静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的高危因素与预防对策.方法 分析我院呼吸内科诊断为COPD并发VTE的65例住院患者的临床资料,实验组（COPD合并VTE组）和对照组（COPD无VTE组）就年龄、长期卧床、其他合并症、长期吸烟、低氧血症、长期口服或静脉糖皮质激素、COPD急性加重频繁、深静脉置管等多种因素进行组间比较,采用χ2检验两组间的差异性.结果 实验组与对照组比较,长期卧床（〉7天）、COPD急性加重频繁（〉3次/年）、长期口服或静脉应用激素和深静脉置管,经χ2检验,P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义.结论 长期卧床、COPD急性加重次数频繁、长期口服和静脉应用激素和深静脉置管是COPD并发VTE的高危因素.     

肺癌合并静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素

目的探讨肺癌合并静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的临床危险因素。方法对该院2009年7月至2011年6月收治的经细胞学或病理学确诊的841例肺癌患者中并发VTE患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 841例肺癌患者中,35例合并VTE,发生率为4.2%。单因素分析显示腺癌、肿瘤分期晚、存在并存疾病、D-二聚体增高是发生VTE的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归显示腺癌和D-二聚体增高是肺癌发生的独立危险因素。7例患者确诊肺癌前发生VTE,6例确诊肺癌时发生VTE,11例确诊肺癌3个月内发生VTE,5例确诊肺癌3～6个月内发生VTE,4例确诊肺癌6个月～1年内发生VTE,2例患者于肺癌诊断1年后发生VTE。结论腺癌、肿瘤分期晚、存在并存疾病、D-二聚体增高是肺癌患者发生VTE的危险因素,其中腺癌和D-二聚体增高是肺癌发生VTE的独立危险因素。肺癌诊断后3个月内VTE高发。高度警惕、及时诊断和治疗是降低死亡率、改善预后的关键。     

肺癌并发静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素分析

目的分析肺癌并发静脉血栓栓塞患者的危险因素及预后。方法对72例原发性肺癌患者进行回顾性分析,其中27例原发性肺癌并发静脉血栓栓塞患者为观察组(静脉血栓栓塞组),45例未合并肺栓塞的原发性肺癌患者为对照组(肺癌组)。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析静脉血栓栓塞高危因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,D-二聚体升高(P=0.032),高体力状况评分(P=0.006),低白介素-8水平(P=0.037)及表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗(P=0.038)是肺癌患者并发静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素。采用二分类多元logistic回归模型分析,发现腺癌、高白细胞血症、高体力状况评分是肺癌患者并发静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素(OR值分别为3.007,1.743,1.855)。D-二聚体预测静脉血栓栓塞形成的曲线下面积为0.669(95%CI:0.533-0.805, P=0.017)。27例患者静脉血栓栓塞均发生于肺癌确诊后,离确诊的中位时间为18.04个月。结论肺腺癌、高白细胞血症、表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗、高体力状况评分、高D-二聚体血症、低白介素-8水平的肺癌患者,发生VTE的风险较高,肺癌确诊后的18个月VTE的发病风险较高。     

80岁以上住院老人并发深静脉血栓危险因素分析

目的探讨≥80岁住院老人并发深静脉血栓的危险因素。方法回顾性分析住院的≥80岁老人105例,对36例发生深静脉血栓(研究组)与69例未发生深静脉血栓者(对照组)的营养状况(以入院当日血白蛋白值)、血D-二聚体、有无贫血、有无深静脉置管、基础疾病、近期骨折、急性肺部感染、日常生活能力(BI)等进行Logistic回归分析。结果静脉血栓发生部位以左下肢为主,5例患者发生了上肢静脉血栓和颈内静脉血栓;患有糖尿病、近期发生骨折以及患者的BI障碍和D-二聚体升高与深静脉血栓发生有显著相关性(P0.05)。结论≥80岁住院老人易发生深静脉血栓,血栓发生与患者是否患糖尿病、近期发生骨折、BI障碍及D-二聚体升高有关,上肢静脉血栓和颈内静脉血栓仍与深静脉置管有关,临床上应重视危险因素并采取防范措施,减少深静脉血栓的发生。     

肺癌患者并发静脉血栓与肺栓塞的危险因素分析

目的探讨肺癌患者并发静脉血栓或肺栓塞的高危因素。方法分析我院收治的35例肺癌合并静脉血栓栓塞患者资料,选择同期未发生静脉血栓的病例资料做对照,探求肺癌并发静脉血栓或肺栓塞的危险因素。结果 (1)静脉血栓发生时间构成以确诊后3个月内比重最高,占31.4%;静脉血栓发生部位以左下肢深静脉血栓为主,占40.0%。(2)腺癌、高病理分级、D-二聚体升高是肺癌合并静脉血栓或肺栓塞的独立危险因素,各因素的OR值分别为7.207、3.480、2.863。结论肺癌诊断3个月内是并发静脉血栓栓塞的高发时段;肿瘤分级高、腺癌、D-二聚体水平升高的肺癌患者易发生静脉血栓栓塞,临床应对上述因素高度警惕,及早进行预见性治疗。     

肺癌患者并发静脉血栓与肺栓塞的危险因素分析简

目的 探讨肺癌患者并发静脉血栓或肺栓塞的高危因素.方法 分析我院收治的35例肺癌合并静脉血栓栓塞患者资料,选择同期未发生静脉血栓的病例资料做对照,探求肺癌并发静脉血栓或肺栓塞的危险因素.结果 （1）静脉血栓发生时间构成以确诊后3个月内比重最高,占31.4%;静脉血栓发生部位以左下肢深静脉血栓为主,占40.0%.（2）腺癌、高病理分级、D-二聚体升高是肺癌合并静脉血栓或肺栓塞的独立危险因素,各因素的OR值分别为7.207、3.480、2.863.结论 肺癌诊断3个月内是并发静脉血栓栓塞的高发时段;肿瘤分级高、腺癌、D-二聚体水平升高的肺癌患者易发生静脉血栓栓塞,临床应对上述因素高度警惕,及早进行预见性治疗.     

Padua评分联合D-二聚体对COVID-19患者发生静脉血栓栓塞症的预测价值研究

目的 Padua评分联合D-二聚体在预测新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)患者发生静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)中的价值。方法 收集2022年12月—2023年2月于承德医学院附属医院内科住院的COVID-19患者441例，其中VTE组195例，无VTE组246例。分析两组患者基本资料，绘制Padua评分、D-二聚体以及两者联合时预测COVID-19患者发生VTE的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),并比较三种方法曲线下面积(AUC)。应用Logistic回归分析探讨Padua评分危险分层(Padua评分≥4分)和D-二聚体水平与VTE发生风险关系。结果 VTE组患者Padua评分和D-二聚体均高于无VTE组。Padua评分、D-二聚体预测COVID-19发生VTE的最佳截断值分别为4.5分和1.485μg/mL,约登指数为0.446和0.484,灵敏度为0.641和0.744,特异度为0.805和0.740,AUC为0.789和0.804,两者AUC比较差异无统计学意义(Z=0.512,P=0.609);COVID-19患者，其VTE发生风险随评分(Padua评分≥4分者)的升高而增加，随...     

COPD合并肺栓塞的危险因素及临床特征分析

目的探讨COPD合并肺栓塞(PE)患者的临床特征,并研究其发病的危险因素。方法入选COPD合并PE患者24例设为病例组(COPD+PE组),选取同期COPD急性加重患者54例设为对照组(单纯COPD组),比较两组患者在发生PE危险因素及临床特征之间的差异。结果两组患者在静脉血栓史、恶性肿瘤、6周内手术史、长期卧床(≥7 d)的危险因素比较中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);晕厥、下肢非对称性肿胀、深静脉血栓形成、SⅠQⅢTⅢ征、PaCO2、血D-二聚体水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 COPD患者发生PE的危险因素为静脉血栓史、恶性肿瘤、6周内手术史、长期卧床(≥7 d)。当COPD患者出现晕厥、下肢非对称性肿胀、深静脉血栓形成、SⅠQⅢTⅢ综合征、PaCO2降低及血D-二聚体升高时,应警惕并发PE。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.