老年重症肺部感染患者血清降钙素原水平测定的临床意义

目的探讨血清降钙素原在老年重症肺部感染患者中的临床意义。方法收集47例重症肺部感染患者(重症组)、30例非重症肺部感染患者(非重症组)、30例除外感染性疾病的患者(非感染组)、30例体检健康者(健康组),分别测定各组血清降钙素原、超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞计数及体温,并进行比较分析。结果重症组的血清降钙素原浓度与非重症组、非感染组及健康组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而重症组的超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞计数及体温与非重症组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清降钙素原与老年肺部感染的严重程度密切相关,血清降钙素原可作为预测和识别老年人重症肺部感染的辅助诊断指标。     

老年重症感染患者血清降钙素原与C-反应蛋白联合检测的临床价值

目的探讨加强护理病房(ICU)老年重症感染患者诊断中血清降钙素原(PCT)与C-反应蛋白(CRP)联合检测的临床价值。方法ICU重症感染患者80例为观察组,ICU非感染性患者80例为对照组,采集两组空腹静脉血样,比较血清中PCT和CRP的含量及检测的阳性率等。结果观察组血清中PCT检测阳性率为93.75%,CRP检测阳性率为100%,观察组PCT平均含量为(6.27±2.8)ng/ml,CRP的平均含量为(41.26±7.74)mg/L,均明显高于对照组的(0.25±0.14)ng/ml和(5.61±2.81)mg/L(P0.05)。结论 PCT特异性较CRP高,稳定性较好,故联合监测血清中PCT和CRP含量可作为ICU老年重症感染患者严重感染的重要指标。     

血清降钙素原检测对重症肺部感染的诊断价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原检测对重症肺部感染的诊断价值。方法分别检测28例重症肺部感染患者(A组)、27例非重症肺部感染患者(B组)、27例除外感染性疾病的患者(C组)、30例体检健康者(D组)血清降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞(WBC)计数及体温等指标。结果 A组血清PCT表达水平与其余各组比较有显著差异性(P0.05);而A组hs-CRP、WBC计数及体温与B组比较无显著差异性(P0.05)。结论血清PCT对重症肺部感染的严重程度具有良好的评估作用。     

降钙素原测定在老年心力衰竭合并肺部感染中的诊断价值

目的:探讨降钙素原(PCT)测定在老年心力衰竭合并肺部感染中的临床意义及诊断界值。方法:回顾性分析老年心力衰竭合并肺部感染101例,单纯心力衰竭、单纯肺部感染及正常对照组各100例的PCT值,分析PCT诊断肺部感染的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果:心力衰竭合并肺部感染组PCT值高于单纯心力衰竭组PCT值及正常对照组PCT值(均P0.05);单纯心力衰竭组PCT值低于单纯肺部感染组,但高于正常对照组(均P0.05);单纯肺部感染组PCT值高于正常对照组(P0.05)。心力衰竭合并肺部感染组患者PCT单侧95%参考值(P5)0.03ng/ml,最佳诊断界值为0.14ng/ml。结论:PCT对老年心力衰竭合并肺部感染患者的识别有一定参考价值。     

血清降钙素原检测对重症肺部感染的诊断价值简

目的 探讨血清降钙素原检测对重症肺部感染的诊断价值.方法 分别检测28例重症肺部感染患者（A组）、27例非重症肺部感染患者（B组）、27例除外感染性疾病的患者（C组）、30例体检健康者（D组）血清降钙素原（PCT）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白细胞（WBC）计数及体温等指标.结果 A组血清PCT表达水平与其余各组比较有显著差异性（P〈0.05）;而A组hs-CRP、WBC计数及体温与B组比较无显著差异性（P〉0.05）.结论 血清PCT对重症肺部感染的严重程度具有良好的评估作用.     

超敏C反应蛋白和降钙素原在老年血液病患者肺部感染中的诊断作用

目的探讨血清中降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的水平及外周血白细胞(WBC)计数在老年血液病患者肺部感染中的诊断作用。方法 80例老年(≥65岁)血液病肺部感染患者为观察组,收集同期健康体检且近期无感染者(≥65岁)70例为对照组。分别收集两组血清PCT、hs-CRP及外周血WBC计数,并进行统计分析。结果观察组外周血WBC计数、血清PCT、hs-CRP水平均显著高于对照组(P0.001),血清PCT的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)均明显高于PCT及hs-CRP(均P0.001),最佳截断值分别为9.83×10~9/L、0.048 ng/L、13.56 mg/L,灵敏度分别为52.5%、91.2%、76.2%,特异度分别为82.9%、92.9%、88.6%;观察组WBC计数、血清PCT、hs-CRP水平阳性率明显均高于对照组(均P0.001)。结论老年血液病肺部感染患者WBC计数、血清PCT、hs-CRP水平均升高,且PCT、hs-CRP有较高的灵敏度和特异度,是诊断老年血液病肺部感染患者的理想指标。WBC计数灵敏度较低,相对于PCT及hs-CRP来说,意义不大。     

血清降钙素原对系统性红斑狼疮发热的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)水平在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者发热的鉴别诊断意义.方法 检测54例伴有发热的SLE患者及20例缓解期SLE患者PCT值、C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度及白细胞计数等,比较PCT和CRP对诊断非病毒感染的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值等,评价它们对诊断SLE患者合并非病毒感染的价值.结果 PCT值在非病毒性感染(包括细菌、真菌、结核等)组为(1.10±0.98)ng/ml,明显高于病毒感染组[(0.30±0.16)ng/ml,P＜0.05]、非感染组[(0.13±0.13)ng/ml,P＜0.01]及对照组[(0.11±0.07)ng/ml,P＜0.01],而血清PCT值在病毒感染组、非感染组及对照组之间的差异无统计学意义.以血清PCT≥O.5 ng/ml为诊断非病毒感染的阳性阈值,敏感性76.4%、特异性94.6%、阳性预测值86.7%、阴性预测值89.7%、阳性似然比14.15、阴性似然比0.25.比较PCT和CRP的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积,PCT为0.935,CRP为0.798,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 检测血清PCT对SLE患者并发非病毒性感染具有重要的鉴别意义,其预测感染价值优于CRP.     

糖尿病患者肺部感染超敏C反应蛋白和降钙素原检测的临床意义

目的 分析糖尿病患者肺部感染超敏c反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)检测的临床意义。方法 选取2018年6月至2020年8月我院收治的47例老年糖尿病伴肺部感染患者为观察组,选取同期住院糖尿病患者39例为对照组。比较两组临床特征,分析影响老年糖尿病患者肺部感染诊断的因素,以受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评估hs-CRP、PCT联合检测对老年糖尿病患者肺部感染的诊断价值。结果 观察组空腹血糖(FPG)(6.43±0.85)mmol/L、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)(6.96±0.92)%、空腹血甘油三酯(TG)(2.11±0.38)mmol/L、总胆固醇(TC)(4.08±0.71)mmol/L、hs-CRP(18.36±2.52)mg/L、PCT(1.58±0.29)ng/ml水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示hs-CRP、PCT、FPG是老年糖尿病患者肺部感染的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示hs-CRP、PCT及二者联合诊断老年糖尿病患者肺部感染的AUC分别为0.743(95%CI:0.621～0.860)、0.781(...     

血清降钙素原检测在老年心力衰竭合并肺部感染患者中的应用

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)检测在老年心力衰竭(心衰)合并肺部感染患者中的应用价值。方法选择老年心衰患者300例,根据是否合并肺部感染分为单纯心衰组(单纯心衰不合并肺部感染)124例和心衰合并感染组(心衰合并肺部感染组)176例,选择同期健康体检志愿者150例作为对照组。176例心衰合并肺部感染组患者根据随机数字法分为常规组和PCT组两个亚组,每组88例,常规组给予常规治疗,PCT组根据PCT指导治疗。采用荧光免疫法测定血清PCT水平,收集患者治疗效果、二重感染情况、住院病死情况、抗菌药物疗程、抗菌药物费用、住院时间和住院费用等临床资料。结果与对照组比较,心衰组和心衰合并肺部感染组血清PCT水平明显升高(P0.05);与心衰组比较,心衰合并肺部感染组血清PCT水平明显升高(P0.05)。血清PCT诊断老年心衰合并肺部感染的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积为0.856,标准误为0.027,P值为0.000,95%CI为0.803～0.910;以0.16 ng/ml为最佳诊断界值,PCT诊断老年心衰合并肺部感染的灵敏度为82.14%,特异度为73.24%。常规组和PCT组临床有效率、二重感染率和住院病死率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PCT组抗菌药物疗程和住院时间明显短于常规组(P0.05),抗菌药物费用和住院费用明显少于常规组(P0.05)。结论老年心衰合并肺部感染患者血清PCT水平升高,血清PCT水平在老年心衰合并肺部感染的诊断及指导抗菌药物治疗中有重要价值。     

老年急性呼吸衰竭合并肺部感染患者病原菌分布特点、营养状况及血清炎症因子水平变化分析

目的 探讨老年急性呼吸衰竭合并肺部感染患者病原菌分布特点,营养状况,血清降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平变化及临床意义。方法 收集2017年6月至2021年6月大连大学附属中山医院收治的老年急性呼吸衰竭合并肺部感染70例（观察组）,以及同期单纯肺部感染老年患者50例（对照组）;两组患者入院后均进行微型营养评定简表（MNA-SF）评分用于筛查营养不良;检测血清PCT、IL-17水平,并利用ROC曲线评价PCT、IL-17以评估老年急性呼吸衰竭合并肺部感染患者预后的应用价值。结果 70例老年急性呼吸衰竭合并肺部感染患者共培养分离病原菌83株,其中革兰氏阳性菌20株（24.10%）,革兰氏阴性菌62株（74.70%）,真菌1株（1.20%）。两组病死率比较无显著差异（P>0.05）,观察组MNA-SF评分、营养不良率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,血清PCT、IL-17水平显著高于对照组（P <0.05）;老年急性呼吸衰竭合并肺部感染病死率14.29%(10/70),死亡患者血清PCT、IL-17水平均显著高于生存患者（P<0.05）;血清PCT...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.