电视胸腔镜治疗自发性气胸的临床疗效观察

目的比较自发性气胸患者采用电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)和传统开胸手术治疗的临床效果。方法对我院2009年1月—2012年3月收治的自发性气胸患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各40例。观察组采用电视胸腔镜手术进行治疗,对照组采用传统的开胸手术进行治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组患者在平均手术所用时间、术中出血情况、术后疼痛时间以及住院天数方面与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论电视胸腔镜治疗自发性气胸的效果明显优于传统开胸手术,且手术时间明显缩短,术中出血量少、术后疼痛相对较轻、住院时间短,是一种安全、有效、微创的方法,值得临床推广应用。     

胸腔镜心脏手术与常规心脏直视手术对肺功能影响的对比研究

目的比较胸腔镜心脏手术与常规心脏直视手术对肺功能的影响。方法选取2015年1月—2016年1月在梅州市人民医院和广东省心血管病研究所行心脏手术的患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组患者采用常规心脏直视手术,观察组患者采用胸腔镜心脏手术。比较两组患者手术前后肺功能指标〔用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大通气量(MVV)〕及血气指标{呼吸指数(RI)、氧合指数(OI)、肺泡动脉氧分压差〔P(A-a)O2〕}。结果两组患者术前FVC、FEV1、MVV比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者术后FVC、MVV均高于对照组(P0.05),而两组患者术后FEV1比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术前RI、OI、P(A-a)O2比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者术后RI、OI、P(A-a)O2高于对照组(P0.05)。结论胸腔镜心脏手术对患者肺功能的影响小于常规心脏直视手术。     

开胸手术与胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的效果比较

目的比较开胸手术与胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的效果。方法于本院2015年11月~2016年11月收治的自发性气胸患者中,随机选取72例作为样本,以手术方法的不同,将其分为开胸组与胸腔镜组两个组别。开胸组行常规开胸手术治疗,胸腔镜组患者行胸腔镜手术治疗。观察两组患者手术与住院情况及并发症发生情况。结果胸腔镜组患者手术时间(43.52±6.14)min、术中出血量(38.69±1.02)m L、引流管留置时间(4.13±0.05)天、住院时间(6.38±1.16)天、并发症发生几率5.56%,与开胸组相比,统计学差异显著(P0.05)。结论临床应视患者病情,将胸腔镜作为自发性气胸的首选手术方法,缩短手术时间及住院时间,减少术中出血量术后引流管留置时间,降低并发症发生几率,提高治疗的安全性。     

胸腔镜肺癌根治术与开胸手术治疗老年非小细胞肺癌患者的临床效果比较

目的比较胸腔镜肺癌根治术与开胸手术治疗老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的临床效果。方法选取2013年1月—2015年1月于南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院行肺癌根治术的老年NSCLC患者96例,根据手术方式分为开胸组45例与胸腔镜组51例。开胸组患者行开胸手术,胸腔镜组患者行胸腔镜肺癌根治术。比较两组患者围术期指标、术前及出院时心肺功能指标、术后1～3年无瘤生存率。结果胸腔镜组患者手术时间短于开胸组,术中出血量及术后引流量少于开胸组(P0.05)。术前两组患者心率(HR)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);出院时两组患者HR比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而胸腔镜组患者MVV、FEV1高于开胸组(P0.05)。两组患者术后1、2、3年无瘤生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与开胸手术相比,胸腔镜肺癌根治术治疗老年NSCLC患者的近期疗效较好,有利于缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量及术后引流量、促进肺功能恢复。     

经胸腔镜手术与开胸手术在治疗自发性气胸的效果

目的探讨胸腔镜手术与开胸手术在治疗自发性气胸的不同效果。方法将我科自发性气胸210例分为两组,其中应用胸腔镜115例为VATS组,同期开胸手术治疗自发性气胸95例为开胸组。比较两组术中切口长度、出血量、手术时间等,术后引流管拔管时间,患者的体温,应用镇静剂情况,住院天数,住院费用等。结果两组除住院费用无统计学意义（P〉0.05）外,其余各项观察指标都有统计学意义。结论从VATS组手术与开胸手术在治疗自发性气胸各个方面效果看,具有切口小、出血量少、手术时间短、恢复快等优点,值得推广。     

内科胸腔镜在自发性气胸中的应用

目的探讨内科胸腔镜在自发性气胸中的应用效果。方法分析37例持续漏气5天以上的自发性气胸患者,其中15例接受了内科胸腔镜手术,22例接受了闭式胸腔引流术;主要分析指标包括术后引流时间、术后住院时间、出现复张性肺水肿例数、术后24小时疼痛评分以及两组病人术后肺与胸膜并发症、转开胸手术例数、1年内气胸复发例数。结果与单纯闭式胸腔引流术组相比,内科胸腔镜手术组术后引流时间[(4.13±1.46)vs(12.41±6.96),P=0.000]、术后住院时间[(7.47±4.42)vs(16.08±8.64),P=0.000]、出现复张性肺水肿例数[(0)vs(5%),P=0.028]明显下降,差异具有统计学意义;两组患者在术后24小时疼痛评分、肺与胸膜并发症、转开胸手术及1年内气胸复发例数等方面差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论对于持续漏气的自发性气胸,相比单纯的闭式胸腔引流术,内科胸腔镜手术具有更好的治疗效果,能显著缩短患者住院时间。     

帕瑞昔布钠对老年患者肺叶切除术炎性反应和术后早期肺功能的影响

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠对开胸肺叶切除术老年患者炎性反应和术后早期肺功能的影响。方法择期全麻下行开胸手术老年患者72例,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=36)::观察组与对照组。观察组实施麻醉诱导前和手术后6 h各静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg(生理盐水稀释至5 m L),对照组给予静脉注射等容量生理盐水,其余麻醉诱导与维持同观察组。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定不同时间点血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的水平;于麻醉诱导前和术后24 h测定患者第1秒用力呼吸容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV),并计算其变化率。结果两组患者手术后各时间点的血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10的水平明显高于麻醉诱导前,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组手术后各时间点的血清TNF-α和IL-6的水平明显低于对照组,血清IL-10水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);两组患者术后24 h时的FEV1、FVC、MVV均明显低于麻醉诱导前,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组术后24 h FEV_1、FVC、MVV均明显高于对照组,观察组变化率较对照组明显下降,差异均有统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠能抑制开胸肺叶切除术老年患者的炎性反应,并且对术后早期的肺功能恢复有明显改善作用。     

电视胸腔镜微创手术治疗老年非小细胞肺癌患者的有效性和安全性研究

目的探讨电视胸腔镜微创手术治疗老年非小细胞肺癌患者的有效性和安全性。方法选取2015年1月—2017年4月襄阳市襄州区人民医院收治的老年非小细胞肺癌患者112例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组56例。对照组患者行常规开胸手术,观察组患者行电视胸腔镜微创手术。比较两组患者手术情况,术前、术后1周、1个月心功能指标和肺功能指标,术后心肺并发症发生率。结果观察组患者术中出血量少于对照组,术后住院时间短于对照组(P0.05);两组患者淋巴结清扫数目比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术前两组患者心率(HR)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1周、1个月观察组患者HR低于对照组,LVEF高于对照组(P0.05)。术前两组患者用力肺活量(FVC)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1周、1个月观察组患者FVC、MVV大于对照组(P0.05)。术后观察组患者心肺并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论电视胸腔镜微创手术能有效减少老年非小细胞肺癌患者术中出血量、缩短住院时间,改善患者心肺功能,降低心肺并发症发生风险。     

胸腔镜治疗肺大疱合并自发性气胸80例临床分析

目的研究胸腔镜治疗肺大疱合并自发性气胸的临床效果。方法我院2015年6月-2016年8月肺大疱合并自发性气胸患者80例随机分两组。开胸组采用的治疗方法为常规开胸手术治疗,胸腔镜组采用的治疗方法为胸腔镜手术治疗。比较两组患者肺大疱合并自发性气胸治疗总有效率;手术中出血情况、胸腔镜平均引流量、胸管平均引流时间、手术时间、术后止痛药应用剂量、住院时间;施行治疗前和施行治疗后患者生存质量评分的差异。结果胸腔镜组患者肺大疱合并自发性气胸治疗总有效率高于开胸组,P0.05;胸腔镜组手术中出血情况、胸腔镜平均引流量、胸管平均引流时间、手术时间、术后止痛药应用剂量、住院时间优于开胸组,P0.05。结论胸腔镜治疗肺大疱合并自发性气胸临床效果确切,可有效改善患者临床症状,减少手术出血和引流量,缩短引流时间,手术操作简单,手术时间短,可减轻患者痛苦,减少术后止痛药的应用,提升患者生存质量,值得推广。     

快速康复外科理念在自发性气胸患者围术期护理中的应用效果

目的分析快速康复外科(FTS)理念在自发性气胸(SP)患者围术期护理中的应用效果。方法选择2015年1月—2017年2月在咸宁市通城县人民医院行胸腔镜手术的SP患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。两组患者均行胸腔镜手术,对照组患者给予常规围术期护理,观察组患者在FTS理念指导下进行围术期处理。比较两组围术期指标、术后并发症发生情况、手术前后肺功能指标、术后焦虑及抑郁程度。结果观察组患者术后首次排气时间、胸腔引流管拔除时间、疼痛持续时间、呼吸机使用时间及住院时间短于对照组,镇痛药物使用次数少于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。术前两组患者第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、每分最大通气量(MMV)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后观察组患者FEV1、FVC、MMC高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者术后焦虑、抑郁程度轻于对照组(P0.05)。结论在SP患者围术期护理中应用FTS理念可有效促进术后康复,减少术后并发症的发生,改善肺功能,缓解焦虑、抑郁情绪。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.