低分子肝素辅助治疗慢性肺源性心脏病合并心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的 探讨低分子肝素辅助治疗慢性肺源性心脏病(肺心病)合并心力衰竭的临床疗效.方法 选取2010年8月-2012年8月我院收治的肺心病合并心力衰竭患者62例,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,各31例.对照组给予硝酸异山梨酯治疗,观察组给予低分子肝素联合硝酸异山梨酯进行治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效和不良反应情况.结果 经过药物治疗后,观察组的总有效率为90.3%,高于对照组的71.0%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组患者在治疗期间均未出现严重不良反应.结论 肺心病合并心力衰竭患者在常规治疗的基础上加用低分子肝素,可明显减轻临床症状,提高治疗效果,值得在临床上应用和推广.     

纳洛酮联合低分子肝素治疗肺源性心脏病急性加重期的疗效观察

目的观察纳洛酮联合低分子肝素治疗肺心病急性加重期的疗效。方法本研究对收治的肺心病急性加重期患者在常规治疗的基础上加用纳洛酮联合低分子肝素治疗,并与仅进行常规治疗＋低分子量肝素的对照组进行临床疗效和动脉血气主要指标比较。结果两组患者的PaO2和PaCO2动脉血气指标均与治疗前比较均有明显差异（P〈0.05）;另外,治疗后治疗组的PaO2和PaCO2动脉血气指标与对照组治疗后比较均有明显差异（P〈0.05）。治疗组的显效率和总有效率均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论纳洛酮联合低分子肝素可以明显改善肺心病急性加重期患者的血液高凝状态,改善通气,减轻缺氧及二氧化碳潴留,降低病死率,疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

低分子肝素钙治疗慢性肺源性心脏病急性发作期64例疗效观察

目的评价低分子肝素钙治疗慢性肺源性心脏病（肺心病）急性发作期的疗效及安全性。方法选择我院慢性肺心病急性发作患者124例，随机分为两组，两组患者均根据药物敏感试验选择有效性抗生素，扩血管、强心利尿，止咳化痰，低流量持续吸氧，维持水电解质平衡等常规治疗，治疗组患者在此基础上加用低分子肝素钙4100U，2次／d，腹部皮下注射，疗程均为7d。观察两组患者的临床疗效及有无出血、药物过敏等不良反应。结果两组患者的临床疗效间差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。治疗组患者治疗前、后血浆黏度、全血黏度低切间差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05），且无严重不良反应。结论低分子肝素钙治疗肺心病急性发作期安全有效。     

川芎嗪联合低分子肝素钙对肺心病急性发作期患者血液流变学影响

目的观察川芎嗪联合低分子肝素钙治疗肺心病急性发作期的临床疗效及血液流变学的影响。方法根据入院单双日对86例慢性肺心病急性发作期住院患者分成观察组和对照组,各43例。对照组给予常规综合治疗,观察组在常规治疗上输注川芎嗪注射液及皮下注射低分子肝素钙,疗程均为7 d,比较两组临床疗效和血液流变学变化。结果观察组显效31例,有效9例,无效3例,总有效率93.0%;对照组显效19例,有效11例,无效13例,总有效率69.8%。观察组疗效优于对照组（P〈0.05）,观察组血液流变学的全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血液黏度、红细胞压积等指标均显著降低,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）;观察组与对照组用药前后凝血功能无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论川芎嗪联合低分子肝素钙能快速改善慢性肺心病急性发作期患者血液流变学状况,纠正血液高凝状态,降低肺动脉高压,改善肺微循环和肺通气/血流比值,有效缓解临床症状,疗效显著。     

低分子肝素与硫酸镁治疗肺心病并呼吸衰竭20例疗效观察

目的观察低分子肝素、硫酸镁对慢性肺心病并呼吸衰竭疗效。方法40例慢性肺心病并呼吸衰竭患者随机分为两组，治疗组在常规治疗基础上加低分子肝素、硫酸镁治疗7天，对照组给予常规治疗。结果治疗组较对照组在症状、体征、血气分析指标均有明显改善，两组疗效比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论在常规治疗的基础上加用低分子肝素与硫酸镁治疗慢性肺心病并呼吸衰竭疗效满意。     

中西医结合治疗老年肺心病的疗效观察

目的探讨低分子肝素联合丹参川芎嗪治疗老年肺心病的疗效及安全性。方法选取老年肺心病患者257例按照随机数字表法分为观察组129例与对照组128例,在给予抗感染、祛痰解痉、减轻心脏负荷等常规治疗的基础上,观察组给予低分子肝素与丹参川芎嗪进行治疗;对照组仅给予丹参川芎嗪进行治疗。连续用药15天后,对比两组患者的疗效、动脉血气改善程度。结果治疗后,观察组的总有效率91.4%高于对照组78.2%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的动脉血气改善程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低分子肝素与丹参川芎嗪联合治疗老年肺心病,可明显降低二氧化碳分压,升高氧分压,改善患者的高凝状态,疗效良好,此方法值得临床推广借鉴。     

老年COPD合并肺心病急性发作期的抗凝治疗

目的探讨低分子肝素在治疗老年COPD合并肺心病急性发作期的疗效。方法收集50例老年肺心病急性加重期患者,随机分为低分子肝素治疗组和常规组各25例,治疗前和用药后第7 d分别采血测定凝血功能;纤维蛋白原;D-二聚体;血液流变学指标,包括红细胞压积、全血粘度、血浆粘度（高切、低切）;以及肺动脉收缩压（SPAP）、氧分压、二氧化碳分压等指标。结果治疗组及常规组病人经治疗后病情均有明显好转,治疗组临床疗效明显优于常规组且不良反应少。结论老年COPD合并肺心病患者,了解其血栓前状态,并通过低分子肝素抗凝治疗,降低肺动脉栓塞的发病率,降低高死亡率,且不良反应少。     

低分子肝素联合灯盏花素治疗慢性肺心病急性加重期30例

目的 观察低分子肝素联合灯盏花素治疗慢性肺心病急性加重期的临床疗效.方法 将2003年1月-2007年12月我院呼吸内科收治的慢性肺心病急性加重期患者60例随机分为两组.对照组采用常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予低分子肝素和灯盏花素治疗10 d,观察两组疗效.结果 治疗组总有效率为86.7%,对照组总有效率为63.3%,两组总有效率比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组治疗后血气分析各项指标均较治疗前有明显改善(P＜0.01),两组间比较亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在常规治疗基础上加用低分子肝素和灯盏花素可以明显提高慢性肺心病急性加重期患者的疗效.     

等容血液稀释并低分子肝素改善肺心病高凝状态临床观察

目的:评价等容血液稀释疗法联合低分子肝素钙治疗慢性肺源性心脏病(慢性肺心病)急性发作期高凝状态的疗效及安全性。方法:62例慢性肺心病急性发作患者随机分为两组,对照组30例给予常规综合治疗,治疗组32例在常规综合治疗的基础上增加等容血液稀释和低分子肝素钙治疗,观察治疗前、后疗效和血液流变学变化。结果:治疗组的有效率高于对照组(91%和73%,P<0.01),血液流变各项指标改善均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:等容血液稀释疗法联合低分子肝素钙治疗慢性肺心病急性发作期的高凝状态效果肯定。     

低分子肝素钙治疗肺心病急性加重期临床疗效

目的观察低分子肝素钙治疗肺心病急性加重期的疗效及安全性。方法对照组30例予常规氧疗、抗感染、祛痰、平喘及利尿、强心等综合治疗。治疗组30例在对照组基础上加用低分子肝索钙皮下注射0．4mlQ12h×7天，观察血气分析及血液流变学变化。结果治疗组总有效率90．O％，对照组总有效率66.7％，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论低分子肝素钙能有效降低肺心病患者血液粘稠度，明显改善患者临床症状。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.