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前列腺癌是一个值得关注的危及男性生活质量甚至生命的健康问题。前列腺癌发病隐匿,进展缓慢,早期诊断预后好。目前我国前列腺癌早期诊断率低,病死率高,需要通过进行包括病例对照研究、随机跟踪调查等大规模流行病学调查,发现我国前列腺癌发病的特殊危险因素,尽早制定出适合我国人群前列腺癌早期诊断指南,为普通群众和临床医生提供关于前列腺癌早期诊断的最新、最全面的信息和权威的指导,提高前列腺癌早期诊断的科学性、有效性。 相似文献
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Fisher GG Franks MM Plassman BL Brown SL Potter GG Llewellyn D Rogers MA Langa KM 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2011,59(3):488-494
OBJECTIVES: To compare the characteristics and outcomes of caregivers of adults with dementia with those of caregivers of adults with cognitive impairment, not dementia (CIND). DESIGN: Cross‐sectional. SETTING: In‐home assessment for cognitive impairment and self‐administered caregiving questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty‐nine primary family caregivers of participants in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS). ADAMS participants were aged 71 and older drawn from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study. MEASUREMENTS: Neuropsychological testing, neurological examination, clinical assessment, and medical history were used to assign a diagnosis of normal cognition, CIND, or dementia. Caregiving measures included caregiving time, functional limitations, depressive symptoms, physical and emotional strain, caregiving rewards, caregiver health, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Dementia caregivers spent approximately 9 hours per day providing care, compared with 4 hours per day for CIND caregivers (P=.001). Forty‐four percent of dementia caregivers exhibited depressive symptoms, compared with 26.5% of CIND caregivers (P=.03). Physical and emotional strains were similar in both groups of caregivers. Regardless of the strains, nearly all caregivers reported some benefits from providing care. Behavioral problems (P=.01) and difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living (P=.01) in persons with CIND partially explained emotional strain experienced by CIND caregivers. For those with dementia, behavioral problems predicted caregiver emotional strain (P<.001) and depressive symptoms (P=.01). CONCLUSION: Although support services are available to dementia caregivers, CIND caregivers also expend considerable time and experience strains. The real caregiver burden of cognitive impairment in the U.S. population may therefore be greatly underestimated if people who have reached the diagnostic threshold for dementia are focused on exclusively. 相似文献
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Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
Petersen RC 《Journal of internal medicine》2004,256(3):183-194
The concept of cognitive impairment intervening between normal ageing and very early dementia has been in the literature for many years. Recently, the construct of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been proposed to designate an early, but abnormal, state of cognitive impairment. MCI has generated a great deal of research from both clinical and research perspectives. Numerous epidemiological studies have documented the accelerated rate of progression to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in MCI subjects and certain predictor variables appear valid. However, there has been controversy regarding the precise definition of the concept and its implementation in various clinical settings. Clinical subtypes of MCI have been proposed to broaden the concept and include prodromal forms of a variety of dementias. It is suggested that the diagnosis of MCI can be made in a fashion similar to the clinical diagnoses of dementia and AD. An algorithm is presented to assist the clinician in identifying subjects and subclassifying them into the various types of MCI. By refining the criteria for MCI, clinical trials can be designed with appropriate inclusion and exclusion restrictions to allow for the investigation of therapeutics tailored for specific targets and populations. 相似文献
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Background:With the aging of the population, the number of people with age-related memory complaints has also increased. The purpose of this study was to develop a cognitive rehabilitation program based on mnemonic skills and memory compensatory strategies (CRM) and to investigate the effects of CRM in community-dwelling older adults without dementia.Methods:This study was an open-label, single-arm, pilot study. We developed a CRM program comprising 8 weekly sessions. The study participants consisted of older adults with normal cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). They were recruited from eight dementia counseling centers and one senior welfare center. To assess the effects of CRM, we administered the following tests at baseline and after completion of the program: Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, the Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale, the Euro Quality of life–5 Dimension, and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery.Results:Thirty-two participants completed the study. Among older adults with normal cognitive function, CRM showed significant improvement in verbal memory function. Among the older adults with MCI, CRM showed significant improvements in language ability, verbal recognition memory, nonverbal memory, attention, and processing speed.Conclusion:CRM improved cognitive function in two distinct populations, older adults with normal cognitive function and older adults with MCI. Additionally, our preliminary findings suggest that older adults with MCI show cognitive improvement in both the trained and non-trained cognitive domains. 相似文献
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Huijin Lau Suzana Shahar Norlela Hussin Mohd ZA Kamarudin Tengku AT Hamid Siti Z‐MS Mukari Nor F Rajab Normah C Din Azahadi Omar Devinder KA Singh Hasnah Haron Razinah Sharif Hanis M Yahya Arimi Fitri Zahara A Manaf Zainora Mohammed Wan S Ishak 《Geriatrics & Gerontology International》2019,19(3):233-239
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张新卿 《中华老年多器官疾病杂志》2012,11(4):241-243
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是以认知功能损害为突出表现的神经系统退变性疾病。轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)是认知功能低于同龄及文化背景的正常人但未达到痴呆程度的认知功能损害状态,被认为是痴呆、特别是AD的危险因素。临床及流行病学的研究表明MCI存在着异质性,有关MCI的概念及转归一直存在争论。随着对AD痴呆前阶段的关注,有必要了解MCI的含义及其变化。本文复习了MCI概念的提出、定义及其内容上发生的变化,并介绍了新的NIA—AD工作组AD诊断指南。 相似文献
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轻度认知障碍(MCI)是近年提出的新概念,是一种介于正常老化和痴呆的中间状态。前瞻性研究表明,MCI患者转化为痴呆的可能性显著高于正常老年人群。MCI的正确诊断,有助于筛查痴呆高危人群,为预防痴呆、降低痴呆发病率提供了可能。 相似文献