电视胸腔镜食管癌切除术的疗效分析

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜(video-assisted thoracoscopic,VATS)食管癌切除术的疗效。方法:2012年1月—2013年10月行VATS食管癌切除术的20例患者,术前经病理检查确诊均为鳞癌,均行VATS下胸段食管游离及周围淋巴结清扫,游离胃,行食管-管状胃吻合。结果:20例患者手术均获成功,无围手术期病死;手术时间280~420 min,平均342 min;术中出血量150~350 mL;术后第1天胸腔引流量300~650 mL,平均450 mL;胸管放置时间4~10 d,平均6 d;术后住院时间12~37 d,平均18 d。手术共清扫淋巴结232枚,平均10.6枚。术后发生吻合口瘘1例,声音嘶哑1例,乳糜胸1例。结论:VATS食管癌切除术具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,但应严格把握手术适应症。     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in patients with clinically resectable lung tumors

To investigate the feasibility of thoracoscopic resection, a pilot study was performed in patients with clinically resectable lung tumors. In 40 patients, Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed because of suspicion of malignancy. There were 29 men and 11 women with a median age of 54.8 years (range 18 to 78). Preoperative indications were suspected lung cancer and tumor in 27 patients, assessment of tumor resectability in 7 patients, and probability of metastatic tumors in 6 patients. The final diagnoses in the 27 patients with suspected lung cancer were 12 primary lung cancers, 6 lung metastases, and 9 benign lesions. The success rates for VATS (no conversion to thoracotomy) were 1 of 12 (8.3%) for resectable stage I lung cancer, 8 of 12 (66.7%) for metastatic tumors, and 9 of 9 (100%) for benign tumors. With VATS, 6 of 7 patients (85.7%), possible stage III non-small cell lung cancer, an explorative thoracotomy with was avoided, significantly reducing morbidity. The reasons for conversion to thoracotomy were 1) oncological (N2 lymph node dissection and prevention of tumor spillage) and 2) technical (inability to locate the nodule, central localization, no anatomical fissure, or poor lung function requiring full lung ventilation). The ultimate diagnoses were 19 lung cancers, 12 metastatic lung tumors, and 9 benign lung tumors. Our data show the limitations of VATS for malignant tumors in general use. These findings, together with the fact that experience in performing thoracoscopic procedures demonstrates a learning curve, may limit the use of thoracoscopic resection as a routine surgical procedure, especially when strict oncological rules are respected.     

胸腔镜手术治疗胸廓入口处非甲状腺源性和非胸腺源性纵隔肿瘤

目的：总结胸腔镜手术治疗胸廓入口处非甲状腺源性和非胸腺源性纵隔肿瘤的经验。方法：回顾分析胸腔镜手术治疗14例胸廓入口处非甲状腺源性和非胸腺源性纵隔肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果：14例肿瘤均完整切除,无中转剖胸。术后住院2-21d,无手术相关死亡。术后发生饮水呛咳1例,霍纳综合征1例,临床诊断肺栓塞1例。结论：对病变长径小于6cm的胸廓入口处非甲状腺源性和非胸腺源性纵隔肿瘤,如果影像学检查提示包膜完整、未侵及邻近器官和血管、椎间孔无开大,胸腔镜手术都可完成切除,其显露优于开放切口,而且创伤小,患者术后恢复快,体现了胸腔镜手术微创的优势。     

经左胸小切口微创治疗食管、贲门癌

目的探索一种不使用胸腔镜辅助,单纯经开胸小切口微创治疗食管癌及贲门癌的手术方法。方法采用保留胸肌、不切断肋骨的微创开胸小切口技术,使用普通加长手术器械操作加单手入胸辅助的方法根治性治疗食管、贲门癌126例（研究组）。其中贲门癌29例,胸中、上段食管癌76例,胸下段食管癌21例。选取同期行常规开胸手术治疗的食管、贲门癌患者98例作为对照组。结果研究组的平均手术时间（167.4±29.4）min,切口长度平均（14.1±1.3）cm,开胸失血量小于30ml,手术中撑开肋骨（9.0±1.0）cm,全部未使用电视胸腔镜辅助,均获得满意的暴露效果。术后并发声音嘶哑2例,颈部吻合口瘘4例,胸部切口脂肪液化6例。全组无手术死亡。患者术后1～2d可下床活动,疼痛轻微,术侧上肢无明显运动受限,自然下垂可遮蔽全部或部分瘢痕,外形美观。结论不使用胸腔镜辅助,单纯经胸小切口单手辅助器械操作微创治疗食管癌是可行的,和电视胸腔镜一样具有损伤小、出血少、恢复快,不影响美观等优点;同时较电视胸腔镜手术时间短,适应证广,费用低廉等,值得推广。     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者术前CT检查结果与中转开胸的关系:871例肺部占位性病变患者前瞻性研究

目的研究术前CT指标与全胸腔镜（VATS）肺叶切除手术中转开胸之间的关系。方法选取2016年12月~2019年12月我院871例肺部占位性病变患者为样本进行前瞻性研究，均完成CT检查并进行VATS肺叶切除术，其中中转开胸手术者为28例（3.21%），作为中转组; 采用随机数字表法从顺利完成VATS手术的患者中抽取100例作为VATS组，比较两组一般资料、CT检查结果及手术结果，分析术前CT检查对VATS中转开胸的影响和预测价值。结果VATS组手术时间、术中出血量、引流时间及住院时间均低于中转组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）; 两组术后感染、气胸及肺不张等并发症差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）; VATS组CT征象中最大淋巴结短径以及肿瘤浸润和胸膜凹陷征发生率均低于中转组（P < 0.05），两组肺野病灶位置、病灶最大径和淋巴结钙化比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）; Logistics回归分析显示肿瘤浸润是影响VATS中转开胸的独立危险因素（P < 0.05）; ROC曲线分析示肿瘤浸润、最大淋巴结短径、胸膜凹陷征以及3项CT指标联合预测VATS中转开胸的灵敏度分别为82.14%、67.86%、67.86%和78.57%，特异度分别为89.00%、69.00%、93.00%和93.00%。结论VATS中转开胸可对患者术后康复造成不良影响，其主要原因为肿瘤浸润或淋巴结粘连导致血管等解剖结构分离难度增加，肿瘤浸润、最大淋巴结短径和胸膜凹陷征等术前CT指标对评估中转开胸风险具有一定参考价值。      

Combination of subxiphoid and intercostal uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for bilateral lung lesions: report of two cases and review of the literature

Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is carried out to reduce postoperative pain after treatment of thoracic diseases. Here, we report a novel method that combines a subxiphoid and intercostal uniportal VATS approach that can be used to treat bilateral pulmonary lesions simultaneously. The first case is a 50-year-old female with bilateral pulmonary lesions who received left lower lobectomy associated with right middle lobe wedge resection synchronously; the other case is a 14-year-old male who was admitted for resection of bilateral lung metastases as a result of previous osteosarcoma. We combined a subxiphoid approach with intercostal uniportal surgical procedure for bilateral pulmonary lesions. Less postoperative pain, faster postoperative recovery, and a better aesthetic effect are possible superiorities of this method if patients are selected carefully. Our results show that the combining of a subxiphoid approach with intercostal uniportal VATS is a feasible and efficient surgical procedure for bilateral pulmonary lesions, with good outcomes. Moreover, this procedure is more suitable for patients with bilateral pulmonary lesions.     

电视胸腔镜手术290例

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸部各种疾病。方法电视胸腔镜下胸部手术290例。包括肺大疱、肺叶或肺楔形切除、纵隔肿瘤及食管平滑肌瘤摘除、动脉导管结扎、血胸、脓胸清除、肺纵隔活检手术等。结果中转开胸15例；胸壁切口种植转移1例，其余手术顺利，效果良好。结论电视胸腔镜手术安全可靠，有效应用于胸部各种疾病的外科治疗。     

Minimally invasive hybrid surgery: A salvage tumor enucleation for local recurrence of thoracic esophageal carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy

Local recurrence after definitive chemoradiation for esophageal carcinoma is associated with poor outcomes. Although salvage esophagectomy is a standard treatment that offers a chance of long-term survival, the procedure is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive hybrid surgery (MIHS) employs thoracoscopic and esophagoscopic procedures and is generally used to treat benign esophageal submucosal tumors. A 64-year-old man with thoracic esophageal carcinoma experienced local relapse after definitive chemoradiation. He underwent MIHS and was discharged 18 days after surgery with a slight degree of stricture. Pathological findings revealed squamous cell carcinoma with no residual tumor in the resection margins, and the patient remains free from cancer relapse 24 months after surgery. Here, we report the findings in this patient, in whom MIHS was successfully performed as a salvage tumor enucleation for local recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy.     

针型与普通胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的对比分析

目的探讨并对比针型胸腔镜与普通胸腔镜治疗自发性气胸的手术方法和临床效果。方法2003年12月～2005年5月65例行胸腔镜手术治疗的自发气胸患者,其中行针型胸腔镜手术治疗27例,普通胸腔镜手术38例,比较两组术后恢复情况及术后并发症。结果两组手术时间、胸腔引流管拔除时间、术后残余漏气差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）,但是术中失血量、患者住院时间、术后患者肋间皮肤不适感方面,针型胸腔镜组明显少于普通胸腔镜组（P〈0.05）;术后1个月针型胸腔镜手术瘢痕不明显。结论针型胸腔镜手术是自发性气胸更为安全有效的术式,优于普通胸腔镜。     

The gamut of primary retroperitoneal masses: multimodality evaluation with pathologic correlation

The retroperitoneum is a large space where primary and metastatic tumors grow silently before clinical signs appear. Neoplastic retroperitoneal diseases may be solid or cystic, primary or secondary and range from benign to aggressive in behavior. Retroperitoneal neoplasms are notable for their widely disparate histologies. The solid primary retroperitoneal neoplasms are extremely uncommon and can be classified based on their tissue of origin into three main categories: mesodermal tumors, neurogenic tumors, and extragonadal germ cell tumors. These tumors can grow to a large size before clinical symptoms occur or become palpable. When symptoms do occur, they are nonspecific. The majority of these masses are malignant and imaging plays a pivotal role in the detection, staging, and pre-operative planning. Benign and malignant masses should be distinguished whenever possible to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. Macroscopic fat, calcification, necrosis, vascularity, and neural foraminal widening are common imaging features helping for tumor differentiation. Meticulous cross-sectional imaging can triage the patient to the most appropriate therapy. Tumor morphology dictates imaging character, and biologic activity is reflected by positron emission tomography (PET). Complete surgical excision with tumor free margins is essential for long-term survival. Biopsy should be performed in consultation with surgical oncology to avoid complicating curative surgery. This pictorial essay illustrates the spectrum of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) imaging findings in common and uncommon primary retroperitoneal masses, with an emphasis on cross-sectional imaging features for an adequate tumor characterization and staging.

     

Clinical evaluation of endoscopic resection for treatment of large gastric stromal tumors

BACKGROUND Gastric stromal tumor is a digestive tract mesenchymal tumor with malignant potential, and endoscopic techniques have been widely used in the treatment of gastric stromal tumors, but there is still controversy over their use for large gastric stromal tumors(≥ 3 cm).AIM To evaluate the clinical long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection for large(≥ 3 cm) gastric stromal tumors.METHODS All patients who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery at our hospital from 2012 to 2017 for pathologically confirmed gastric stromal tumor with a maximum diameter of ≥ 3 cm were collected. The clinical data, histopathologic characteristics of the tumors, and long-term outcomes were recorded.RESULTS A total of 261 patients were included, including 37 patients in the endoscopy group and 224 patients in the surgical group. In the endoscopy group, the maximum tumor diameter was 3-8 cm; the male: Female ratio was 21/16; 34 cases had low-risk tumors, 3 had intermediate-risk, and 0 had high-risk; the mean follow-up time was 30.29 ± 19.67 mo, no patient was lost to follow-up, and no patient received chemotherapy after operation; two patients with recurrence had low-risk stromal tumors, and neither had complete resection under endoscopy. In the surgical group, the maximum tumor diameter was 3-22 cm; the male: Female ratio was 121/103; 103 cases had low-risk tumors, 75 had intermediate-risk, and 46 had high-risk; the average follow-up time was 38.83 ± 21.50 mo, 53 patients were lost to follow-up, and 8 patients had recurrence after operation(6 cases had high-risk tumors, 1 had intermediate-risk, and 1 had low-risk). The average tumor volume of the endoscopy group was 26.67 ± 26.22 cm^3(3.75-120), all of which were less than 125 cm^3. The average volume of the surgical group was 273.03 ± 609.74 cm^3(7-4114). Among all patients with a tumor volume < 125 cm^3,7 with high-risk stromal tumors in the surgical group(37.625 cm^3 to 115.2 cm^3)accounted for 3.8%(7/183); of those with a tumor volume < 125 cm^3, high-risk patients accounted for 50%(39/78). We found that 57.1%(12/22) of patients with high-risk stromal tumors also had endoscopic surface ulcer bleeding and tumor liquefaction on ultrasound or abdominal computed tomography; the ratio of tumors positive for both in high-risk stromal tumors with a volume < 125 cm^3 was 60%(3/5).CONCLUSION Endoscopic treatment is safe for 95.5% of patients with gastric stromal tumors with a tumor diameter ≥ 3 cm and a volume of < 125 cm^3 without endoscopic surface ulcer bleeding or CT liquefaction.     

252例电视胸腔镜手术回顾性分析

目的探讨预防电视胸腔手术（VATS）并发症的方法及电视胸腔镜手术在胸外科领域的应用前景。方法回顾分析1997年6月-2006年2月252例行VATS手术患者的临床资料，术式包括肺大疱切除122例，纵隔肿瘤切除4例，食管肿瘤切除12例，肺叶切除或楔形切除65例，胸外伤止血和／或肺叶修补术18例，胸膜疾病活检术8例，手汗症双侧颈胸交神经节切除23例。结果252例VATS手术顺利，3例自发性气胸术后复发，4例术后持续漏气，手术并发症发生率2．8％（7／252）。结论VATS比传统胸外科手术具有诸多无法比拟的优点．在胸心外科有广阔的应用空间．但一次性耗材价格昂贵，限制其临床广泛应用。     

电视胸腔镜手术78例体会

目的 :总结电视胸腔镜手术的经验教训。方法 :对电视胸腔镜手术 78例进行回顾性临床分析。结果 :电视胸腔镜手术 78例中 ,肺部疾病 5 1例 ,食管良性病 18例 ,纵隔肿瘤 4例 ,其他 5例。电视胸腔镜下完成手术 75例 ,中转开胸 3例 ,手术成功率 96%。手术时间 10～ 12 0min ,手术后并发症发生率 6%。术后住院时间 3～ 10d ,平均 8d。结论 :电视胸腔镜手术是胸外科的微创手术 ,在胸部一些疾病的手术中 ,充分体现了创伤小、痛苦小、恢复快的优越性。     

Thoracoscopic segmentectomy and lobectomy assisted by three-dimensional computed-tomography bronchography and angiography for the treatment of primary lung cancer

BACKGROUNDAnatomical segmentectomy has been proposed as a substitution for lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer. However, it requires technical meticulousness due to the complex anatomical variations of segmental vessels and bronchi.AIMTo assess the safety and feasibility of three-dimensional computed-tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) in performing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung cancers.METHODSIn this study, we enrolled 123 patients who consented to undergo thoracoscopic segmentectomy and lobectomy assisted by 3D-CTBA between May 2017 and June 2019. The image data of enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans was reconstructed three-dimensionally by the Mimics software. The results of preoperative 3D-CTBA, in combination with intraoperative navigation, guided the surgery.RESULTSA total of 59 women and 64 men were enrolled, of whom 57 (46.3%) underwent segmentectomy and 66 (53.7%) underwent lobectomy. The majority of tumor appearance on CT was part-solid ground-glass nodule (pGGN; 55.3%). The mean duration of chest tube placement was 3.5 ± 1.6 d, and the average length of postoperative hospital stay was 6.8 ± 1.8 d. Surgical complications included one case of pneumonia and four cases of prolonged air leak lasting > 5 d. Notably, there was no intraoperative massive hemorrhage, postoperative intensive-care unit stay, or 30-d mortality. Preoperative 3D-CTBA images can display clearly and vividly the targeted structure and the variations of vessels and bronchi. To reduce the risk of locoregional recurrence, the application of 3D-CTBA with a virtual 3D surgical margin help the VATS surgeon determine accurate distances and positional relations among the tumor, bronchial trees, and the intersegmental vessels. Three-dimensional navigation was performed to confirm the segmental structure, precisely cut off the targeted segment, and avoid intersegmental veins injury.CONCLUSIONVATS and 3D-CTBA worked in harmony in our study. This combination also provided a new pattern of transition from lesion-directed location of tumors to computer-aided surgery for the management of early lung cancer.     

达芬奇机器人和传统胸腔镜手术治疗肺部疾病的疗效

目的 评价达芬奇机器人手术（robot assisted thoracic surgery, RATS）和胸腔镜手术（video assisted thoracic surgery, VATS）治疗肺部疾病的疗效。方法 对收治的218例行达芬奇机器人和传统胸腔镜手术诊治肺部疾病的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患者自愿选择手术方式,其中RATS组98例,VATS组120例。结果 RATS组手术时间较VATS组长（P<0.01）,手术费用（P<0.05)和住院总花费（P<0.01）较VATS组多。RATS组术中失血量更少（P<0.01）,术后住院时间更短（P<0.05）。两组在中转开胸手术、总引流量、术后引流时间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肺癌患者中RATS组术后住院时间更短（P<0.01）,住院总花费更高（P<0.01）。非肺癌患者RATS组手术时间更长（P<0.01）,住院总花费更高（P<0.01）;RATS组术中失血量更少（P<0.05）,术后住院时间更短（P<0.05）。结论 达芬奇机器人辅助胸腔镜手术是安全有效的,其在术中出血量和术后住院时间具有明显的优势,而其他指标在机器人手术中无明显优势。     

Thoracoscopic spine surgery: current indications and techniques

The first report of thoracoscopic surgery was in 1910, after Jacobaeus used thoracoscopy to lyse tuberculous lung adhesions. However, it was not until the end of the century that Lewis (1991) recognized the value of thoracoscopic surgery, and Mack (1993) reported the application of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for spine surgery. VATS is still in its infancy and the application of this technology for spine surgery continues to rapidly expand. The current indications for thoracoscopic spine surgery include tissue biopsies, thoracic paravertebral abscess drainage and debridement, thoracic disc herniation excisions, anterior spinal release and/or fusion for spinal deformity, stabilization and fusion of thoracic and thoracolumbar fractures, corpectomy for vertebral tumors, and the placement of anterior spinal instrumentation with fusion. This article reviews these current indications for VATS--the technique and subsequent nursing implications.     

单操作孔电视胸腔镜下非小细胞肺癌根治术的临床疗效分析

目的:总结单操作孔电视胸腔镜治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床效果。方法:选择单一治疗组2013年1月至2016年12月非小细胞肺癌手术患者536例,手术方式均为电视胸腔镜肺癌根治术。其中,167例行三孔术式(三孔组),369例行单操作孔术式(二孔组),比较两组临床疗效。结果:两组间手术时间、术中出血量、清扫淋巴结数目、中转开胸率、术后第1天引流量、术后拔管时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症差异均无统计学意义;二孔组术后第1天、第5天、第30天视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)明显低于三孔组(P0.05)。结论:单操作孔电视胸腔镜肺癌根治术的安全性及有效性与三孔电视胸腔镜肺癌根治术无明显差别,但术后疼痛较轻,值得临床推广。     

胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者发生慢性术后疼痛的危险因素分析

目的 探讨胸腔镜肺叶切除术(video-assisted thoracic surgery,VATS)患者发生慢性术后疼痛(chronic post-surgical pain,CPSP)的危险因素.方法 2019年3-6月,便利抽样法选择在四川大学华西医院胸外科择期行VATS的患者为研究对象.于术后1～3 d、90 ...     

Metachronous solitary mediastinal lymph node metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma treated by video‐assisted thoracic surgery twice: Report of a case

Solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. We report a case of metachronically solitary mediastinal metastases of HCC treated by video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) twice. A 66‐year‐old man underwent repeated laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation or trans‐arterial catheter chemo‐embolization against HCC for more than 10 years. The level of alpha fetoprotein protein was elevated, and radiological modalities including FDG‐PET revealed solitary mediastinal tumor metachronically. VATS was performed bilaterally twice. The postoperative course was uneventful and there had no recurrence of extra‐hepatic metastases and tumor markers are within normal limits at 18 months after second VATS. VATS is a minimally invasive and useful procedure for solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis of HCC. If primary HCC was controlled and lymph node metastasis was solitary, mediastinum lymphadenectomy using VATS might give good short and long term results.     

Comparison of video-assisted minithoracotomy and standard open thoracotomy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

This study represents a retrospective comparison of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy with standard open lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The endpoints of this study include surgical stress as measured by interleukin 6 concentration and patient survival. A retrospective review was performed of 240 consecutive patients with clinical stage IA or IB NSCLC who underwent either VATS lobectomy (n=67) or conventional open lobectomy (n=173). The amount of blood loss was significantly less in the VATS group (110+/-75 ml) as compared to 165+/-90 ml for the open lobectomy group (P<0.05). A significantly lower incidence of post-thoracotomy pain occurred in the VATS group (6.2+/-4.1 times/3 days) than in the open lobectomy group (13.5+/-5.8 times/3 days, P<0.0001). The postoperative interleukin (IL)-6 serum concentration of was significantly lower in the VATS group (112+/-43 pg/ml) than that in the open lobectomy group (351+/-133 pg/ml, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the VATS and open lobectomy groups. The median follow-up was 42 months in both groups. VATS lobectomy for NSCLC is a reasonable treatment option for selected patients with stage I NSCLC.