Thoracoscopic intraoperative esophageal close technique for long-gap esophageal atresia

Long-gap esophageal atresia (EA) remains a challenging operative procedure. Several techniques have been reported to resolve the problem of distance between the proximal and distal esophagus. We report a thoracoscopic intraoperative esophageal close technique for long-gap EA. A female neonate was born at 39 weeks of gestation with long-gap EA (five vertebrae). The patient underwent thoracoscopic esophageal anastomosis after esophageal elongation. Careful dissection of the proximal and distal esophagus was performed; however, the distance between them was still long. Extra-thoracic traction sutures were placed at the upper esophagus. Then, a Neraton catheter was inserted trans-orally and the upper esophagus was pushed and opened. An internal traction suture was placed between the Neraton catheter and lower esophagus. The gap between the proximal and distal esophagus could be approximated by pulling the Neraton catheter. Esophageal anastomosis was performed successfully. Our thoracoscopic intraoperative esophageal close technique was simple and useful.     

梗阻性左半结肠癌术中无灌洗一期切除吻合的应用

目的 探讨术中无灌洗一期切除吻合在梗阻性左半结肠癌手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院普外科2000年1月至2008年1月收治的一期手术切除吻合左半结肠癌患者93例,无梗阻的左半结肠癌患者50例,行左半结肠切除术;梗阻性左半结肠癌患者43例,行无灌洗的术中排便一期切除吻合.两组患者在性别、营养状态、基础疾病、肿瘤部位、分期等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).梗阻性结肠癌患者年龄(61.2±8.6)岁,明显大于无梗阻患者的年龄(58.1±7.8)岁(P<0.05).比较结肠梗阻和无梗阻患者的手术治疗效果.结果 在93例患者中,无梗阻结肠癌患者住院时间为(12.4±5.4)d,术中排便一期切除吻合患者平均住院时间为(16.6±7.8)d,前者住院时间明显小于后者(P<0.01).梗阻性结肠癌术中排便一期手术患者的平均住院费用为(50192.8±39727.4)元,无梗阻结肠癌患者平均费用为(46489.3±29543.1)元,两组存在显著性差异(P<0.05).无灌洗术中排便一期手术患者和无梗阻左半结肠切除患者的并发症分别为25.6%(11/43)、18%(9/50)(P<0.05),病死率分别为2.3%(1/43)、2.0%(1/50)(P>0.05),无显著性差异.结论 无灌洗的术中排便一期切除吻合是左半结肠癌肠梗阻的可行手术方式,与无梗阻结肠癌的手术效果相似.     

Thoracoscopic repair for late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia with thoracic kidney in a child

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with a hernia sac and thoracic kidney is a very rare congenital anomaly. Recently, the usefulness of endoscopic surgery for CDH has been reported. We herein report a patient who underwent thoracoscopic repair of CDH with a hernia sac and thoracic kidney. A 7-year-old boy was referred to our hospital due to a diagnosis of CDH without clinical symptoms. Computed tomography showed herniation of the intestine into the left thorax and left-sided thoracic kidney. The key points of operation are resection of the hernia sac and identification of the suturable diaphragm under the presence of the thoracic kidney. In the present case, after repositioning the kidney to the subdiaphragmatic area completely, the border of the diaphragmatic rim was clearly visualized. Good visibility allowed resection of the hernia sac without damaging the phrenic nerve and closure of the diaphragmatic defect.     

主动脉弓降部异常的超声诊断

目的　提高超声对主动脉弓中断 (IAA)、主动脉缩窄 (CoA)、右位主动脉弓 (RAA )三类主动脉弓降部异常的诊断能力。方法　回顾性分析 5 2例主动脉弓降部异常患者的胸前及胸骨上窝二维及多普勒超声表现。结果　IAA表现为主动脉弓部成为盲端 ,降主动脉与肺动脉相连 ,最常合并室间隔缺损 ,均有重度肺高压等。CoA表现为主动脉峡部狭窄 ,降主动脉常窄后扩张 ,腹主动脉内血流频谱异常等 ,部分无心内畸形 ,可通过胸骨上窝及心内表现不同与IAA加以鉴别。RAA表现为主动脉弓弯向右侧 ,标准切面观察时与IAA相似。大部分合并复杂畸形。结论　超声心动图对于诊断主动脉弓降部异常是一种有效、无创、经济的检查手段。胸骨上窝切面超声表现是诊断本病的关键 ,有必要作为常规检查切面     

同期非体外循环下降主动脉置换治疗侵犯主动脉的局部晚期食管癌

目的:总结T4期侵犯降主动脉的食管癌同期应用非体外循环下降主动脉置换行食管癌根治的方法和经验。方法:对26例T4期侵犯主动脉的局部晚期食管癌患者常规行左侧开胸,于非体外循环下阻断降主动脉,行受侵主动脉段切除、人工血管置换,再行食管癌切除、食管-胃左颈部吻合。结果:26例患者术后未出现主动脉瘘、吻合口瘘、截瘫等严重并发症,均于2周内顺利恢复,3年及5年生存率分别为40.0%和21.4%,中位生存时间为35个月。结论:对于食管癌侵犯主动脉的患者,在有条件的情况下,同期降主动脉置换合并食管癌根治可延长患者生存时间、改善生存质量。     

Spontaneous retrograde dissection of ascending aorta from descending thoracic aorta--a case review

A 56-year-old man with sudden onset chest pain, absent right lower limb pulses and ECG changes suggestive of inferior ST elevation MI underwent coronary angiogram through the right radial artery with a view to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The left coronary angiogram demonstrated severe proximal stenotic disease in the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries, but the right coronary artery could not be selectively cannulated. An ascending aortogram to visualise the right coronary artery not only failed to demonstrate it, but revealed, instead, a dissection flap in the ascending aorta, arch and descending thoracic aorta, with moderately severe aortic regurgitation. At operation, the patient was found to have an acute dissection of the ascending aorta, arch and descending aorta with an entry tear in the descending aorta below the left subclavian artery origin. Triple coronary artery bypass grafting with re-suspension of the aortic valve, supracoronary replacement of the ascending aorta and hemiarch and transaortic repair of the descending aortic tear was performed. The patient made an uncomplicated recovery, with the re-appearance of right limb pulses. A postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) scan revealed complete thrombosis of the false channel in the residual arch and a considerably shrunken false channel in the descending aorta and no aortic regurgitation. Retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta from the descending aorta has been reported infrequently in the past. We believe the scale of the problem has been underestimated because of the failure to adopt open distal anastomosis routinely in the past and, hence, failure to inspect the arch and the descending aorta routinely, particularly when the intimal tear was not identified in the ascending aorta. Retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta from an intimal tear in the descending aorta, when identified as such, has been managed, either on the principle of exclusion of the tear in the descending aorta by various elephant trunk procedures and their variants or, alternatively, on the principle of excision of the tear by extended one-stage aortic replacement, usually combined with an elephant trunk procedure. Neither of these procedures is widely adopted, owing to procedural, institutional and outcome considerations. We describe a transaortic repair of the intimal tear in the descending aorta with supracoronary interposition graft replacement of the ascending aorta and hemiarch with excellent clinical and radiological result. We also review the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this incompletely understood lethal disease.     

胸腔镜辅助小切口食管下段贲门癌手术

目的：总结21例胸腔镜辅助下小切口完成食管下段及贲门癌手术的治疗经验和体会。方法：全组病例均采用全麻双腔气管插管，电视胸腔镜辅助下左胸6cm小切口完成食管下段及肿块的游离，上腹旁正中约10cm的切口完成胃大小弯及贲门肿块的游离和切除，残胃与食管在胸内完成吻合。结果：1例死于术后并发症。余顺利出院。结论：电视胸腔镜下小切口完成食管下段及贲门癌的切除的术式，具有创伤小、恢复快、操作易等优点。     

Right-Sided Versus Left-Sided Radiofrequency Ablation of the His Bundle

Radiofrequency (RFJ ablation of the His bundle was attempted in 30 consecutive patients with atrial flutter or fibrillation. A 7 French quadripolar catheter with a 4-mm distal electrode was advanced from the right femoral vein (21 patients), or subclavian vein (two patients) and positioned across the tricuspid valve. Adequate His-bundle potentials were obtained in all patients. However, in six patients atrioventricular (AV) block could not be obtained after multiple (mean = 8) applications of RF energy from the conventional right-sided approach. In these patients the same catheter was advanced to record a His potential through a retrograde arterial approach. AV block was created in all patients with one to three applications of RF energy. The duration of the procedure was 22 to 90 minutes for the right-sided approach and 5 to 10 for the left-sided approach (P < 0.005). Subsequently, in seven patients a left-sided approach was used first. One to six applications of RF energy were required to create AV block. The radiation exposure time was 3 to 20 minutes. No complications occurred. Conclusions: RF ablation of the His bundle seems easier using a left-sided than a right-sided approach, reduces procedure and radiation time, and avoids recovery of conduction. These data suggest that a left-sided approach, in spite of requiring arterial catheterization, may be preferable to a right-sided approach.     

电视胸腔镜下小切口食管下段、贲门癌手术

目的 总结15例电视胸腔镜下小切口完成食管下段及贲门癌手术的治疗经验和体会。方法 全组病例均采用全麻双腔气管插管,电视胸腔镜下左胸6cm 小切口完成食管下段及肿块的游离,上腹旁正中约10cm 的切口完成胃大小弯及贲门肿块的游离和切除,残胃与食管在胸内完成吻合。结果 好转14例,1例死于术后并发症。结论 电视胸腔镜下小切口完成食管下段及贲门癌切除的术式,具有创伤小,恢复快,易操作等优点。     

动脉导管弓与主动脉弓间距及夹角在胎儿右位主动脉弓诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨胎儿超声心动图三血管气管（3VT）切面定量测量动脉导管弓与主动脉弓之间的距离与夹角在胎儿右位主动脉弓（RAA）诊断中的应用价值。 方法选取单纯RAA左位动脉导管胎儿52例作为研究组（RAA组）,随机选取正常胎儿121例作为对照组,分别测量2组胎儿超声3VT切面上动脉导管弓与主动脉弓内径及两者之间的间距与夹角（AP角）,将RAA组与对照组间的各超声测量参数进行统计学分析。 结果RAA组与对照组比较,动脉导管弓与主动脉弓之间间距增大［4.86（4.16~5.74）mm vs 1.59（1.38~1.76）mm］,AP角减小［（12.96±1.83）° vs（22.14±1.35）°］,差异均有统计学意义（Z=-10.416、P<0.05,t=32.481、P<0.05）;RAA组与对照组的动脉导管弓内径、主动脉弓内径、动脉导管弓/主动脉弓内径比值、主动脉内径、肺动脉内径、主动脉流速、肺动脉流速比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。2组的AP角、动脉导管弓/主动脉弓内径比值与孕周均无相关性（RRA组：r=0.148、0.029,P=0.294、0.818;对照组：r=0.060、0.108,P=0.514、0.180）。2组的动脉导管弓与主动脉弓间距、动脉导管弓内径、主动脉弓内径、主动脉内径、肺动脉内径、主动脉流速、肺动脉流速均与孕周呈线性正相关（P均<0.05）。 结论胎儿超声心动图3VT切面测量动脉导管弓与主动脉弓间距及夹角的方法简单可行,能够为胎儿RAA左位动脉导管的诊断提供更为准确的定量参考,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

胸降主动脉瘤伴主动脉右弓右降手术的护理配合

目的探讨临床少见的右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、胸降主动脉瘤外科手术中的护理配合,以提高手术配合质量,减少手术相关并发症的发生。方法针对8例行右弓、右降胸降主动脉瘤手术的病例进行术前准备、麻醉配合、体位管理和皮肤保护、术中配合、术后交接等护理配合。结果8例患者于术后4～7h清醒,无左上肢缺血、无皮肤压伤感染等护理问题。结论术前心理护理、麻醉配合、正确的体位摆放以及充分显露术野和娴熟的手术配合是确保手术顺利进行的关键因素之一。     

胸腹腔镜下行食管癌切除术患者的护理配合

目的探讨胸腹腔镜辅助下行食管癌切除术患者的护理配合。方法回顾性分析2010年4月至2011年12月在大连医科大学附属第一医院手术室行胸腹腔镜辅助下食管癌切除术的12例患者的临床资料。所有患者在胸外科及普外科医生共同协助,采用超声刀和LigaSure,经胸腔镜后纵隔游离胸段食管、腹腔镜下游离胃及腹段食管、胃食管左颈吻合。结果本组12例患者手术过程顺利,无一例患者中转开胸。有1例患者中转开腹手术,术中无输血。结论手术室护士做好手术前准备,掌握手术过程与步骤,调整和准备好胸腔镜及腹腔镜器械,同时备好开胸、腹手术器械等是手术顺利进行的保证。     

Giant circumferential esophageal leiomyoma successfully treated by thoracoscopic enucleation with the patient in a prone position: A case report

Esophageal leiomyomas are common benign tumors. Although surgical resection is warranted in symptomatic patients, the procedure used to enucleate a giant, circumferential tumor is complicated. A 38-year-old man was referred to our institution with a diagnosis of submucosal esophageal tumor. An endoscopic examination revealed a protruding submucosal mass in the lower third of the esophagus. Computed tomography scans demonstrated a circumferential mass measuring 90 × 40 mm. Examination of the biopsy specimens resulted in a diagnosis of leiomyoma of the esophagus, and thoracoscopic enucleation of the tumor via the right thorax with the patient in the prone position was planned. Histopathological and immunohistochemical staining of the surgical specimen confirmed the preoperative diagnosis of benign leiomyoma. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 7 without any complications.     

Congenital H-type tracheoesophageal fistula complicated by achalasia in an adult: report of a case.

A young adult with a congenital H-type tracheoesophageal fistula complicated by achalasia of the esophagus presented with complaints consistent with existing long-standing asthma. Only on direct questioning were esophageal aspects elicited. This combination of conditions proved difficult to diagnose even though suspected. Esophageal x-ray in the prone-oblique position proved valuable in the diagnosis and localization of the fistula. Correction of the obstruction of achalasia preceded fistula repair. Fistula repair involved sleeve resection of the trachea, with tracheal anastomosis after closure of the esophageal defect.     

Mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: Case report with bilateral venous collectors.

We present a case report of a 3-month-old boy with a mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The patient had situs solitus, small atrial septal defect, and 2 separate venous collectors. The right pulmonary veins drained through a right-sided venous collector into the coronary sinus. The left-sided pulmonary veins drained through the left-sided venous collector directly into the right superior vena cava. The use of the echocardiogram and Doppler color flow mapping to establish a detailed morphologic analysis, the sites of connection, and the presence of pulmonary venous obstructions as well as the value of this information to facilitate a successful surgical repair are discussed.     

Defibrillation Thresholds are Increased by Right-Sided Implantation of Totally Transvenous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

Whether an ICD is placed via a left- or right-sided approach depends on venous access, the presence of a preexisting pacemaker, and other factors. Since the DFT is affected by lead position, which in turn is determined in part by the side of access, right-sided venous access could adversely affect DFTs. Furthermore, right-sided active can placement directs electric current toward the right hemithorax, which could further increase DFTs. This study sought to determine whether DFTs were increased by right-sided vascular access, and whether active can technology was beneficial or detrimental with right-sided ICD placement. Stepdown to failure DFTs were found in 290 patients receiving transvenous systems at the time of initial ICD implantation. Of these, 271 (93%) received left-sided systems and 19 (7%) received right-sided systems. The mean DFT in systems placed via left-sided vascular access was 11.3 +/- 5.3 J versus 17.0 +/- 4.9 J for right-sided implantation (P < 0.0001); right-sided DFTs were elevated for both active can and cold can systems. Right-sided active can devices had a lower DFT than right-sided cold can systems (15 +/- 4.1 J vs 19 +/- 4.8 J, P = 0.05). The right-sided implantation of implantable defibrillators results in significantly higher DFTs than the left-sided approach. This may be due to the less favorable distribution of the defibrillating field relative to the myocardium with the devices on the right. When right-sided implantation is clinically mandated, active can devices result in lower thresholds and should be used.     

Usefulness of Ultrasound in Evaluating the Diaphragm in Neonates and Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias

This report describes the evaluations of 2 patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernias using ultrasound (US). Identifying the size of the diaphragmatic defect is important when determining the type of surgical repair required. In case 1, the US evaluation of a Bochdalek hernia showed the rim of the anterolateral diaphragm; therefore, thoracoscopic primary repair was performed. In case 2, (Morgagni‐Larrey hernia), US revealed the left side of a retrosternal diaphragmatic hernia sac; therefore, thoracoscopic repair from the left thorax was performed. Ultrasound was useful for detecting the location and defect size of the diaphragmatic hernia and determining optimal surgical management.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断先天性下腔静脉畸形的临床应用价值

目的分析不同类型先天性下腔静脉畸形的彩色多普勒超声表现及其相应的临床特征,探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断先天性下腔静脉畸形的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2009年7月至2012年3月于南京军区福州总医院超声诊断科行腹部彩色多普勒超声检查患者的临床资料,共发现22例先天性下腔静脉畸形,采用分段、多切面、自下而上或自上而下顺序进行超声扫查,结合二维、彩色多普勒、频谱多普勒超声逐段分析并进行最后的诊断,所有病例均为计算机体层扫描静脉造影、数字减影血管造影或临床其他检查所证实。结果22例下腔静脉畸形中包括左下腔静脉5例,超声表现为肾后段腹主动脉左侧上行的下腔静脉与左肾静脉汇合,肾前段跨越腹主动脉前方至右侧下腔静脉。双下腔静脉3例,超声表现为肾后段腹主动脉两侧上行的下腔静脉,肾前段左侧下腔静脉跨越腹主动脉前方经右侧下腔静脉回流入右心房：部分左下腔静脉和双下腔静脉患者伴有左肾静脉压迫。下腔静脉膜性梗阻3例,临床表现均为布-加综合征,超声显示肝后段下腔静脉右心房入口处见隔膜高回声带,彩色多普勒血流成像示肝后段下腔静脉右心房入口处未见血流,静脉腔内见逆心性血流流入腰静脉、腰升静脉。左肾静脉畸形11例,其中腹主动脉后左肾静脉9例,环主动脉型左肾静脉1例,后左肾静脉汇入左髂总静脉1例,9例伴有左肾静脉压迫。结论彩色多普勒超声可清晰显示下腔静脉及其属支的畸形,评价血流动力学的变化及其相应的临床表现,可成为下腔静脉畸形的重要诊断方法。     

胃镜辅助胸腔镜改良Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的探讨胃镜辅助胸腔镜改良Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症的效果及优势。方法对33例症状明显且保守治疗无效的的贲门失弛缓症患者采用胃镜辅助胸腔镜改良Heller手术治疗,观察术后食道梗阻解除的效果及并发症的发生情况,并术后随访半年,观察疗效。结果 33例贲门失弛缓症患者术后食道梗阻症状均有不同程度改善。其中1例由于胸腔粘连严重,改为开放手术;4例并发食管黏膜损伤,胸腔镜下修补食管。1例患者出现食管胸膜瘘,保守治疗1个月后瘘管愈合。1例患者术后出现胃食管返流,保守治疗后症状缓解。随访半年,仅1例于术后3个月再次出现食道梗阻,予扩张治疗后好转。结论胃镜辅助胸腔镜改良Heller手术治疗贲门失弛缓症手术效果明显,手术操作简单易行,并发症少,可在临床上推广应用。     

Thoracic aortic interventions

The treatment of thoracic aortic diseases has undergone a paradigm shift due to the introduction and further development of interventional techniques in recent years. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of the descending aorta has significantly lower mortality and complication rates compared to open repair. Meanwhile this endovascular approach is the first option for the treatment of the majority of thoracic aortic diseases.