早产儿视网膜病变筛查及随访的重要性

目的 观察对早产儿进行视网膜病变(ROP)筛查及治疗后随访的重要性.方法 对我院新生儿科的早产儿进行视网膜病变筛查及治疗和出院后的随访追踪.结果 体重≤1500 g、1500 g＜体重≤2000 g及体重＞2000 g的ROP发生率分别为54.5％、16.8％和4.3％;胎龄≤28周和28周＜胎龄≤32周的ROP发生率分别为60％和16.16％,提示胎龄越小和出生体重越低,发病率越高;出院后也存在发生ROP的风险.结论 要高度重视早产儿视网膜病的筛查及随访工作,且及早发现和治疗,可以预后良好.     

≤孕34周早产儿自身因素对其预后的分析及护理

目的探讨≤孕34周早产儿自身因素对其预后的影响。方法采用回顾性方法分析132例≤孕34周早产儿的孕周、出生体重与≤孕34周早产儿预后的关系。结果孕28—31^＋6周组早产儿的死亡率、极低体重出生率明显高于孕32—34^＋6周早产儿（P〈0．001），孕28～31^＋6周组与孕32—34^＋6周早产儿的窒息率无差异（P〉0．05），极低体重儿的死亡率明显高于1501—2499g组（P〈0．001），极低体重儿的窒息率高于1501—2499g组（P〈0．01）。结论孕周与出生体重对≤孕34周早产儿死亡率有一定影响，极低体重儿对≤孕34周早产儿窒息率有一定影响。     

早产儿视网膜病变转归的临床观察

目的探讨本地区早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）发病相关因素、发病率、自愈率转归。方法出生后病情允许情况下,快速散瞳,小儿开睑器开睑后,用双目间接检眼镜结合巩膜压陷观察视网膜血管发育情况。对1、2期ROP病例每2周同样方法检查1次眼底,至第8周,随后每1～2月检查1次,每次检查观察正常血管是否长入Ⅲ区,或发生阈值病变的危险性消失。对未出现ROP者4周检查1次,至8周。无论是否出现ROP,随访时间均为3～6个月。结果足月儿54例,元ROP患儿;早产儿108例,ROP患儿24例,发病率为23％。其中出生体重≥2kg的50例,ROP患儿4例,发病率为12％;出生体重〈2kg的54例,ROP患儿18例,发病率为33％。结论ROP发生与孕周、出生体重、吸氧、多胎密切相关,孕周越短、出生体重越低、吸氧越多发病率越高,双胎儿发病率高。对早产低体重儿可通过减少吸氧降低甚至杜绝重症ROP发生率。     

澳大利亚及新西兰新生儿网络中患严重早产儿视网膜病变的出生前危险因素研究

目的：鉴别临床上严重的（3期或4期）早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的出生前和围生期危险因素。方法：前瞻性收集了澳大利亚和新西兰三级医院新生儿部中收治的高危婴儿（出生体重〈1500g或孕龄[GA]〈32周）的数据，该研究是正在进行的澳大利亚和新西兰新生儿网络计划的一部分。对GA〈29周、存活至孕36周的新生儿（共2105例）进行出生前和1min龄围生期因素检查，以及ROP的相关检查。与3期或4期ROP明确相关的因素归入多变量logistic回归模型。结果：203例（9．6％）婴儿患有3期或以上的ROP。早产是决定性的危险因子，GA〈25周的婴儿患重度ROP的概率是GA28周的20倍。出生体重同样具有“剂量效应”效果，生长受限程度越重的婴儿其患病的风险越高。低于标准体重P3的婴儿患重度ROP的概率是体重介于P25和P75的4倍。男性性别也是1个危险因子（OR 1．73,95％CI 1．25—2．40）。结论：基于大样本人群的调查数据表明，未成熟度、宫内生长受限及男性性别都是重度ROP的危险因素。     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查及早期干预治疗

目的探讨早产儿视网膜病变发病特点及筛查策略,早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）筛查标准及治疗模式。方法对胎龄〈32周、出生体质量≤2 000g的68例早产儿进行ROP筛查,并对其临床特点进行总结。结果 ROP发病率为17.6%,早产、低出生体重多发,不规范吸氧可能增加ROP的发生。结论低孕周、低出生体重、长时间吸氧是引起早产儿视网膜病变的高危因素。     

≤孕34周早产儿自身因素对其预后的分析及护理

目的 探讨≤孕34周早产儿自身因素对其预后的影响.方法 采用回顾性方法 分析132例≤孕34周早产儿的孕周、出生体重与≤孕34周早产儿预后的关系.结果 孕28～31 6周组早产儿的死亡率、极低体重出生率明显高于孕32～34 6周早产儿(P<0.001),孕28～31 6周组与孕32～34 6周早产儿的窒息率无差异(P>0.05),极低体重儿的死亡率明显高于1501～2499g组(P<0.001),极低体重儿的窒息率高于1501～2499g组(P<0.01).结论 孕周与出生体重对≤孕34周早产儿死亡率有一定影响,极低体重儿对≤孕34周早产儿窒息率有一定影响.     

血清转化生长因子β1水平与早产儿视网膜病的关系

目的：监测血清中转化生长因子β1（ TGF－β1）的水平变化,探讨其与早产儿视网膜病（ ROP）发生发展的关系。方法以胎龄＜34周或出生体重＜2000 g的早产儿为研究对象,按有无ROP发生分为两组,ROP早产儿（ ROP组）和无ROP早产儿（早产对照组）各30例,另选取足月健康儿30例为足月对照组,分别在早产儿生后第1周及纠正胎龄32、34、36、40周时和健康足月儿于生后3 d内收集外周静脉血,检测血清TGF－β1的水平。结果早产对照组在生后第1周时TGF－β1水平低于足月对照组（P＜0.05）;在纠正胎龄32周后与足月对照组比较差异无统计学意义。 ROP组在生后第1周及纠正胎龄32周时TGF－β1水平明显低于足月对照组及早产对照组（P＜0.05）;在纠正胎龄34、36周时明显高于足月对照组及早产对照组（P＜0.05）。纠正胎龄40周时的ROP组及早产对照组水平与足月对照组比较差异无统计学意义（F＝1．919,P＝0.159）。结论纠正胎龄32～34周是早产儿发生ROP的关键时期,TGF－β1的高表达与ROP的发生发展密切相关。临床或可于关键时期通过TGF－β1抑制剂来预防和治疗早产儿ROP。     

南阳地区早产儿视网膜病危险因素及发病情况结果分析

目的探讨南阳地区早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的发病特点及分析与ROP相关的危险因素。方法参照卫生部指定的ROP筛查标准,结合本地实际情况将胎龄≤36周或出生体重≤2000g的早产儿和低体重儿作为筛查的范围,收集2006年5月-2010年12月行间接眼底镜并借助巩膜压迫器眼底检查的早产儿220例的筛查资料并进行回顾性分析。结果 220例早产儿中ROP患儿36例,检出率为16.36%;接受筛查的早产儿孕周越短,ROP发生率越高,3组不同孕周早产儿ROP发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;ROP的发生率随患儿出生时体重的下降而升高,将4组不同体重早产儿的ROP发生作组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;早产儿吸氧时间越长、吸氧浓度越高患儿ROP的发生率越高。结论南阳地区ROP检出率与国内其他地区报道的数据相近。早产、低体重及吸氧是早产儿发生ROP的重要危险因素,对早产儿尽早行眼底检查是早期发现、诊断和治疗ROP的关键。     

早产儿视网膜病变的筛查与高危因素

目的探讨早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生及其危险因素。方法对2003年5月1日~2004年11月30日北京协和医院172例胎龄小于37周,或胎龄大于37周、但出生体重低于2500g的早产儿定期检查眼底。根据ROP国际分期标准进行诊断、分期。同期住院的20例正常足月新生儿作为对照组。结果172例早产儿中,放弃治疗或死亡12例,检查并随访完全160例。早产儿ROP的患病率为19·4%,对照组新生儿未发生ROP。出生体重≤2000g组的ROP患病率(28·4%)显著高于出生体重>2000g组(8·3%)(χ2=10·217,P=0·001)。孕周≤32周组的ROP患病率(42·5%)显著高于孕周>32周组(11·7%)(χ2=18·258,P=0·000)。胎龄(OR=0·959,P=0·036)和出生体重(OR=0·999,P=0·026)与ROP的发生相关性最高;输血(OR=0·076,P=0·029)和Apgar评分(OR=23·62,P=0·012)与ROP的发生具有负相关性。未发现吸氧方式、表面活性物质、多巴胺和出生前地塞米松的使用、输血和母亲病情与ROP的发生具有相关性。结论早产儿ROP的患病率高于正常足月新生儿。孕周越短、出生体重越低,ROP患病率越高。应定期检查早产儿眼底,早期发现ROP。     

早产儿视网膜病研究进展

早产儿视网膜病（ROP）是一种未成熟儿或低出生体重儿的视网膜增殖性病变。在我国，随着早产低出生体重儿治疗需求和生存率的不断提高，ROP的发生率及严重程度逐渐上升，预防和治疗ROP已成为提高早产低出生体重儿生活质量的重要问题。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.