电话咨询在居家腹膜透析中的作用

目的:通过电话咨询,了解、解决腹膜透析患者的求询问题。方法:记录2008年12月至2009年5月腹膜透析中心所有腹膜透析患者的咨询电话,并对咨询内容、护士处理意见及患者转归进行分析。结果:6个月内共有202位患者及家属打来398个咨询电话,其中和医疗相关的问题有231例(58.0%),167例(42.0%)为非医疗问题。经护士建议有295例(74.1%)可在家中处理。对212例腹膜透析相关问题及并发症的处理进行追踪回访,显示总好转率为69.8%。结论:开展腹膜透析中心电话咨询可节约医疗资源,满足患者的即时需求。     

不同透析模式对初始透析患者临床疗效及并发症分析

目的 观察分析不同透析模式对初始透析患者的临床疗效及并发症发生的影响.方法 选取本院进行维持性透析(包括血液透析及腹膜透析)3个月的终末期肾病患者86例,其中血液透析(HD)组42例,持续不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD) 22例,日间不卧床腹膜透析(DAPD)22例,测定并比较入组9个月3组在尿素清除指数(Kt/V)达标率、24小时尿量、血清白蛋白(Alh)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、血清全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)水平、水肿、心力衰竭发生率、血压达标率的差异.结果 HD组、CAPD组、DAPD组在Kt/V达标率、Hb水平、心力衰竭发生率方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);24h尿量分别为250(142.5) ml、575(387.5) ml、650(150.0) ml,DAPD组尿量最多(P＜0.05);Alb分别为(37.7±2.1) g/L、(34.2±1.6)g/L、(36.7±1.4) g/L,HD组最高(P＜0.05),DAPD组高于CAPD组(P＜0.05);水肿发生率DAPD组最低(P＜0.05),分别为50.0％(21/42)、45.5％(10/22)、18.2％(4/22);血压达标率DAPD组最高(P＜0.05),分别为45.2％(19/42)、54.5％(12/22)、81.8％(18/22).HD组、CAPD组、DAPD组血钙分别为(2.25±0.22) mmol/L、(1.94±0.11) mmol/L、(2.01±0.22) mmol/L,HD组高于CAPD及DAPD组(P＜0.05).DAPD组血磷最低(P＜0.05),分别为(2.22±0.54) mmol/L、(1.95±0.30) mmol/L、(1.68±0.29) mmol/L,iPTH 3组分别为169.40(241.5) ng/L,137.50(99.5) ng/L,87.50(91.25) ng/L,HD组最高(P＜0.05).结论 对于初始进入透析的患者,在3种模式中,DAPD在不影响透析充分性的情况下,能更好的保护残余尿量,更好地控制钙磷代谢及心血管并发症,在Alb优于传统的CAPD,有可能成为残余尿量较好的初始透析患者优选的治疗方式.     

糖尿病患者腹膜透析的护理

总结了对15名糖尿病肾病病人进行持续性不卧床腹膜透析的护理体会，强调了预防并及时处理透析相关性腹膜炎、隧道炎及腹透导管出口处感染，严密监测及控制血糖，重视家庭腹膜透析患者的指导，是提高病人的生活质量、预防并发症的关键。     

Pharmacokinetics of single‐dose rosiglitazone in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients

Background: End‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with marked alterations in the pharmacokinetics of many drugs, not only from reduction in renal clearance but also from changes in metabolic activity, bioavailability, volume of distribution and plasma protein binding. Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of a single 8‐mg oral dose of rosiglitazone in patients with ESRD and requiring long‐term chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Method: The medication was administered just before the first exchange of peritoneal dialysis fluid on the day that blood and peritoneal dialysate collection was performed. Results: In our CAPD patients the mean (±SD) T_max and T_1/2 of rosiglitazone were 1·20 ± 0·26 and 21·38 ± 21·96 h respectively. These values were different to those reported for healthy volunteers reported in previous studies. The mean area under the concentration–time curve (AUC_(0–∞)) and an average maximum observed plasma concentration (C_max) of rosiglitazone in our CAPD patients were 4203·56 ± 2916·97 ng h/mL and 409·67 ± 148·89 ng/mL respectively. These appear no different from those reported in healthy volunteers . Conclusion: The apparently significant difference in T_1/2 of rosiglitazone in CAPD patients compared with healthy volunteers suggest that dose adjustment may be necessary in order to avoid toxicity.     

Perceptions of resilience in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A Q‐methodology study

Resilience is a potential human psycho‐social ability that can reduce negative emotion and promote adaptation to adversity. Most previous studies on resilience have highlighted positive factors for patients with chronic illnesses; however, very few focus on the resilience of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) using a qualitative approach. Using Q‐methodology, we identified the perceptions of resilience of patients undergoing PD. We recruited 33 Korean participants undergoing PD in a university hospital, and classified 37 Q‐samples into a 9‐point normal distribution grid. Collected data were analyzed using the PC‐QUANL program. The perceived subjectivity of the resilience of Korean patients undergoing PD was categorized as three factors: “support‐based acceptance,” “gloomy isolation,” and “active life‐oriented.” The three factors explained 47.4% of the total variance. The eigenvalues were 9.99, 3.40, and 2.26, respectively. These findings suggest that a differentiated approach is needed for interventions to enhance the resilience of patients undergoing PD. This study highlights that clinical nurses and health professionals should understand the perceptions of resilience of patients undergoing PD, and consider their viewpoints in the caring and treatment process.     

腹膜透析患者生存质量的影响因素分析

目的:分析影响腹膜透析患者生存质量的因素,旨在探讨提高患者生存质量的途径。方法:90例透析>3个月的稳定腹膜透析患者纳入本研究。调查患者的主观生存质量、睡眠质量、躯体症状评分;记录Karnofsky评分;使用Hamilton抑郁量表评估患者的抑郁症状;采用Charlson并发症指数评估患者的并发症状况;检查患者的透析充分性指标尿素清除指数(Kt/Vurea)以及相应的生化指标,分析影响患者生存质量的可能因素。结果:年龄、躯体症状、睡眠质量与主观生存质量正相关,躯体症状越轻、睡眠质量越好生存质量越高,而抑郁程度越重主观生存质量越差,者负相关。客观生存质量与透析龄、Charlson并发症指数、抑郁评分负相关,而与躯体症状正相关,也就是躯体症状越轻,患者的健康状态越好,多元线性回归分析结果表明,年龄、抑郁评分、躯体症状及睡眠质量是主观生存质量的显著预测因子,而抑郁评分、Charlson并发症指数、躯体症状是客观生存质量的显著预测因子。结论:抑郁和躯体症状是影响腹膜透析患者生存质量的因素,将康复干预与医疗干预摆在同等重要位置才是提高生存质量的途径。     

腹膜透析病人透析前教育模式及效果

目地探讨腹膜透析病人透析前教育模式在临床的实践与成效。方法对照组给予常规护理,干预组在常规护理基础上进行透析前教育模式的干预,根据病人疾病的不同阶段,实施不同内容、不同形式的教育。结果干预组病人的生活质量提高;焦虑、抑郁程度减轻;营养指标白蛋白、前白蛋白的改善优于对照组(P0.01或P0.05)。结论腹膜透析病人透析前教育模式在临床实践证明是有效、可行的。     

腹膜透析患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床观察

目的探讨腹膜透析患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的安全性及可行性。方法回顾分析该院1999年6月～2005年12月9例腹膜透析患者因慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石行LC的临床资料。结果全部患者成功施行LC，手术时间45～120min，术后当日开始恢复腹膜透析；术后住院5～7d，无严重并发症。结论腹膜透析患者LC安全可行；充分的围手术期准备和处理是成功的关键。     

腹膜透析病人的护理风险因素及预防

[目的]探讨腹膜透析病人的护理风险因素及预防对策。[方法]回顾分析2002年3月—2012年4月诊治的495例腹膜透析病人的护理风险因素。[结果]发生腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎者178例,皮肤损害15例,跌倒7例,导管损坏3例,脱落10例,心脑血管突发事件33例。[结论]腹膜透析病人主要护理风险因素为感染、心脑血管突发事件、皮肤损害、导管损坏、脱落、跌倒,做好风险因素评估,加强医护人员、病人及家属的安全防范意识,可降低病人风险事件的发生,提高病人生活质量。     

长期持续性非卧床腹膜透析患者增加透析剂量对营养及充分性的影响

目的 前瞻性观察增加透析剂量对长期持续性非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者的营养及透析充分性的影响。方法 36例CAPD患者，均常规行8升／日腹膜透析，其中13例夜间留腹2升，增加腹膜透析剂量为10升／日，随访三个月，评价其营养及透析充分性。结果 13例增加透析剂量组TKt/w和TCcr均显著升高(P＜0．05)，净超滤亦增加(P＜0．05)，血浆白蛋白水平虽有下降，但未达到统计学意义。结论 增加腹膜透析剂量能显著提高TKt/v和TCcr，使透析更为充分，且增加超滤量，对腹膜透析患者的长期存活有意义，且对其营养状态短期内无影响。     

腹膜透析并发感染性腹膜炎的病原学分析

目的探讨腹膜透析并发感染性腹膜炎病原学情况。方法选取2012年4月至2015年4月30例腹膜透析并发感染性腹膜炎患者为研究对象,对所有患者进行病原菌分析,观察不同病原菌感染治疗后效果。结果 30例腹膜透析并发感染性腹膜炎患者中分离出病原菌37株,其中革兰阴性菌19株,占51.35%,以大肠埃希菌(21.62%)、铜绿假单胞菌(16.22%)为主;革兰阳性菌14株,占37.84%,以金黄色葡萄球菌(16.22%)和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(13.50%)为主;真菌4株,占10.81%。在疗效上,革兰阴性菌治愈率为84.21%,革兰阳性菌治愈率为92.86%,真菌治愈率为100.00%,革兰阴性菌感染患者疗效稍差,但和革兰阳性菌感染和真菌感染相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹膜透析并发感染性腹膜炎以革兰阴性菌感染为主,治疗后预后较好。     

腹膜透析患者抑郁发生及相关问题的研究

目的 了解腹膜透析患者的抑郁发生及腹膜透析过程中相关问题的关系.方法 应用抑郁自评量表(SDS)对70例腹膜透析患者进行抑郁症状程度评估;根据CCMD-3标准进行抑郁症诊断,将患者分为抑郁组和非抑郁组,调查两组患者的一般社会学资料、躯体症状、实验室指标、并发症及对治疗的依从性.结果 腹膜透析患者抑郁症的发生率为37.14%;抑郁组SDS中位数为58.75分,非抑郁组SDS中位数为42.5 分,P＜0.0001;抑郁组腹膜透析龄、自费者比率、腹腔感染率、躯体症状发生率、治疗不依从比率均显著高于非抑郁组,而血清白蛋白水平、透析充分性指标显著低于非抑郁组(P＜0.05～P＜0.005).结论 腹膜透析患者抑郁发生率较高,抑郁直接影响腹膜透析治疗效果,医护人员应予以重视.     

费曼式学习法对提高居家腹膜透析患者的自我管理依从性及透析充分性的影响

目的 探讨费曼式学习法对提高居家腹膜透析患者自我管理依从性及透析充分性的影响.方法 抽取2019年1月～2019年6月在陆军军医大学大坪医院肾内科腹膜透析中心行规律门诊随访的居家腹膜透析患者146名和123名为研究组和对照组.对照组采用的是指导型教育法管理,研究组采用费曼式学习法管理方式,半年后对比2组患者自我管理依从...     

连续性非卧床腹膜透析1个月后患者透析充分性评估及电解质变化

目的 观察连续性非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者治疗1个月的疗效,为早期控制尿毒症患者症状提供较好的方法.方法 新插管后进入CAPD 1个月后的终末期肾脏病患者129例,于CAPD治疗1个月末时评估患者的透析充分性,比较腹透前及第1个月末时观察合并症情况及各生化指标.结果 患者CAPD 1个月末时透析充分性良好,与腹透前比较,CAPD 1个月后水肿的发生率显著下降(24.8%与7.8%,χ2=13.765,P＜0.05),恶心、呕吐等胃肠道不适症状发生率显著下降(66.7%与6.2%,χ2=101.821,P＜0.05),皮肤瘙痒发生率显著下降(22.5%与6.2%,χ2=13.914,P＜0.05),合并症较透析前明显减少;治疗前后对比,血红蛋白[(79.10±17.13)g/L与(96.50±18.69)g/L,t=-6.333,P＜0.01]显著改善,血钙[(1.99±0.30)mmol/L与(2.07±0.20)mmol/L,t=-1.920,P＞0.05]、白蛋白[(30.62±5.24)g/L与(31.84±5.64)g/L,t=-0.333,P＞0.05],血磷[(2.06±0.54)mmol/L与(1.72±0.52)mmol/L,t=3.284,P＜0.01]、血钾[(4.30±0.68)mmol/L与(3.84±0.47)mmol/L,t=4.669,P＜0.01]均较透析前降低,尿素氮[22.00(15.87,30.01)mmol/L与17.00(13.91,20.91)mmol/L,Z=-3.717,P＜0.01]、肌酐[864.00(733.00,1046.25)μmol/L与777.50(627.00,1047.75)μmol/L,Z=-2.408,P＜0.05]均较透析前显著降低.甲状旁腺素[184.80(114.21,369.77)ng/L与226.26(124.22,335.92)ng/L,Z=-0.597,P＞0.05]有所上升,但差异无统计学意义.结论 CAPD在透析早期疗效显著,透析充分性良好,低钙、高磷得到改善,血钾降低,患者生活质量明显改善.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the impact of continued ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)for 1 month,thus to provide effective therapy to control the symptoms of uremia in early stage. Methods A total of 129 nephrotic patients in final stage were treated with CAPD ,dialysis adequacy were assessed after 1 month of CAPD. Complications and biochemical indicators were compared between before and after 1 month of CAPD. Results The dialysis adequacy was good at the end of 1 month of CAPD. Compared to before CAPD,The prevalence of edema after 1 month of CAPD significantly decreased compared to before CAPD (7.8%vs. 24.8% ,χ2 = 13.765, P ＜ 0.05 ). After CAPD gastrointestinal, symptom, such as nausea and vomit significantly decreased from 66.7% to 6. 2% ( χ2 = 101. 821, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Itch of skin significantly decreased from 22. 5% before CAPD to 6. 2% after CAPD(χ2 = 13.914,P ＜0. 05) . Hemoglobin increased significantly from (79. 10 ± 17.13 ) g/L to (96. 50 ± 18. 69 ) g/L after CAPD ( t = - 6. 333, P ＜ 0. 01 ), serum calcium was sisilar, ( 1.99 ± 0.30) mmol/L and (2.07 ± 0. 20) mmol/L at before and after CAPD respectively ( t = -1. 920,P ＞0. 05). Albumin was (30. 62 ±5.24) g/L before CAPD and after CAPD(31.84 ±5.64) g/L ,with no significant difference ( t= - 0.333, P ＞ 0. 05 ) . Serum inorganic phosphorus, kalemia, urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration significantly decreased from ( 2. 06 ± 0. 54 ) mmol/L, ( 4.30 ±: 0. 68 ) mmol/L, 22. 00( 15.87,30.03 ) mmol/L and 864. 00 ( 733.00,1046. 25 ) μmol/L to ( 1.72 ± 0. 52) mmol/L, ( 3.84 ± 0.47 )mmol/L , 17.00 ( 13.91,20. 91 ) mmol/L and 777. 50 ( 627.00, 1047.75 ) μnol/L, respectively ( t = 3.284,4. 669, Z = - 3.717 and - 2. 408, respectively,Ps ＜ 0. 01 or 0. 05 ).. The level of serum PTH increased slightly from [ 184. 80 ( 114. 21,369. 77) ng/L to 226. 26 ( 124. 22,335.92 ) ng/L, but the difference was not significant ( Z = - 0. 597, P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion CAPD had significant effect in early stage of dialysis with good dialysis adequacy. Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia can be improved. The levels of serum kalemia decreased. The iatients's quality of life significantly improved.     

腹膜透析患者退出原因分析及处理

目的 探讨腹膜透析患者退出透析的原因,讨论其对策。方法 分析我科近10年来155例持续性不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者的临床资料,统计退出腹膜透析的患者倒数并分析其原因。结果共有46例(29.7％)患者拔除腹透管,退出CAPD,原因主要为腹膜炎,占76.1％(35/46),其余少数患者分别因腹透管阻塞、腹股沟疝或腹壁疝、肾功能恢复、肾移植而停做腹膜透析。结论 腹膜炎是CAPD退出腹膜透析的最主要原因,应在腹透过程中注意预防腹透感染的发生,尽早控制腹膜炎的发展。     

腹膜透析病人生活质量研究进展

从生活质量的概念、腹膜透析病人生活质量测评工具、生活质量测评的应用、生活质量研究存在的问题等方面综述了腹膜透析病人生活质量的研究进展.