脂联素基因多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性

脂联素是新近发现由脂肪组织特异性分泌的蛋白质,由人类脂联素基因(APM-1/ACDC/ADIPOQ)编码.目前许多研究表明脂联素基因多态性与2型糖尿病和胰岛素抵抗相关,且受遗传背景和环境因素影响,不同群体研究结果之间存在差异.同时,脂联素基因多态性与2型糖尿病的治疗和干预也存在相关性.     

2型糖尿病患者脂联素及脂联素基因启动子区多态性与白蛋白尿的相关性

目的 研究2型糖尿病患者血浆脂联素水平及脂联素基因启动子区-11377位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)之间的关系.方法 按1999年世界卫生组织制定的糖尿病诊断标准,自2006年4月至2009年4月选取福建医科大学附属第二医院内分泌科2型糖尿病患者403例,根据24 h UAER分为正常组(UAER<30 mg/24 h,NAU组)201例、微量白蛋白尿组(30 mg/24 h≤UAER<300 mg/24 h,MiAU组)134例和大量白蛋白尿组(UAER≥300 mg/24 h,MaAU组)68例.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测脂联素基因启动子区SNP-11377C→G多态性.同时检测血浆脂联素、血脂、血糖、空腹胰岛素、血肌酐和内生肌酐清除率.脂联素水平与临床指标的相关性采用简单相关分析和偏相关分析.结果 脂联素水平随UAER增高呈递增趋势[NAU、MiAU、MaAU组分别为6.33(0.10～24.32)mg/L,6.97(0.25～20.12)mg/L,9.38(1.88～26.99)mg/L],MaAU组显著高于NAU和MiAU组(P<0.01).脂联素水平与血浆肌酐呈正相关(r=0.212,P<0.01),与肌酐清除率呈负相关(r=-0.157,P<0.05),与稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)呈负相关(r=-0.215,P<0.01).脂联素基因启动子SNP-11377C→G的基因型(CC型、CG型和GG型)和等位基因频率分布在NAU组、AU组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).未发现启动子区SNP-11377C→G与脂联素水平有关.结论 2型糖尿病患者血脂联素随糖尿病肾病进展白蛋白尿加重而增高.未发现福建地区2型糖尿病患者脂联素基因启动子区-11377C→G多态性与UAER明显相关.     

中国汉族人群2型糖尿病与脂联素基因SNP-11377位点相关性的Meta分析

目的评价脂联素基因SNP-11377位点与T2DM的相关性。方法采用Meta分析评估SNP-11377位点与T2DM的相关性。异质性检验后采用M-H固定效应模型合并比值比(OR)值,并进行发表偏倚检验。结果 (1)共纳入10篇文献,其中病例组2831例、对照组3035例。(2)异质性检验显示,脂联素基因SNP-11377在各研究间是同质(I2=11.2%,P>0.05),各研究之间不存在异质性。(3)M-H固定效应模型进行数据合并,结果显示合并OR为1.09(95%CI为1.00～1.18,P=0.05)。(4)Begg和Egger偏倚分析均显示无明显发表偏倚。结论脂联素基因SNP-11377G等位基因可能与中国汉族人群T2DM的发病风险相关。     

NLRP2基因多态性与中国汉族人群1型糖尿病的关联研究

目的探讨在中国汉族人群中核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白2(NLRP2)基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与经典1型糖尿病(T1DM)的相关性。方法选取就诊于中南大学湘雅二医院代谢内分泌科的510例经典T1DM患者及本地区531名无血缘关系的健康志愿者为研究对象。利用质谱法对其NLRP2基因的rs1043673位点进行基因分型。两组间一般资料的比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验和χ2检验,T1DM患者组与对照组之间基因型及等位基因频率分布的比较采用χ2检验和logistic回归分析。NLRP2多态性与各项临床特征的分析采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。结果NLRP2基因rs1043673位点的等位基因及基因型在两组之间的分布无明显差异。在T1DM患者中,rs1043673多态性与空腹C肽(P=0.029)、餐后2 h C肽(P=0.017)以及GADA的抗体滴度(P=0.043)均有关。结论NLRP2基因的rs1043673多态性与中国汉族T1DM患者的临床特征有关。     

转录因子7样2与2型糖尿病

转录因子7样2(TCF7L2)基因是2型糖尿病最重要的易感基因之一,其基因变异体与2型糖尿病有强相关性,是目前2型糖尿病多因子遗传学领域中最引人注目的基因之一.这一结果在许多人种中都得以证实,而在我国关于该基因的研究刚刚起步.TCF7L2基因位于染色体10q25,共编码619个氨基酸,其产物是Wnt信号通路中一种转录因子.该因子通过对胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)水平调节,在糖代谢中起重要作用.另外,该信号通路与胰腺和胰岛的正常发育密切相关.     

胰岛素受体底物-2基因多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的 研究北京地区汉族人群中胰岛素受体底物-2（IRS-2）基因密码子1057g/a多态性与2型糖尿病及其中间表型的相关性。方法 选取北京地区的中国汉族患者110例，对照组80例。用聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）的方法检测IRS-2基因密码了1057g/a多态性。结果 （1）IRS-2基因密码子1057g/a多态性的a等位基因频率在糖尿病组和对照组中分别为26.4%和36.3%。（2）糖尿病组aa基因型频率明显低于对照组，分别为5.5%和18.7%(P=0.016),Logistic相关分析表明：aa基因型为2型糖尿病的保护性因素，OR值为0.28(95%CI=0.09-0.91,P=0.03)。（3）不同基因型组间血压、血脂，胰岛素抵抗指数及胰岛β细胞功能指数等均差异无显著性。结论 中国北方地区汉族人群中IRS-2基因密码子1057g/a多态性的aa基因型在2型糖尿病中明显减少。但2型糖尿病各种中间表型自欺欺人持征在不同基因型间均无明显差异。上述结果有待于进一步扩大样本量来加以确认。     

脂联素基因单倍型与汉族人群2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的探讨脂联素基因多态性及其单倍型与2型糖尿病（T2DM）的相关性。方法入选T2DM患者202例,糖尿病家族史阴性的非糖尿病个体（NDM）143例。采用聚合酶链反应限制性内切酶片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）方法对脂联素基因SNP-11391、SNP-11377、SNP-4522、SNP＋45和SNP＋331位点进行基因分型,并构建单倍型。评估以上5个多态性位点及构建的单倍型与T2DM的相关性。结果T2DM组和NDM组脂联素基因SNP-11391、SNP—11377、SNP～4522、SNP＋45和SNP＋331基因型和等位基因频率差异无统计学意义。T2DM组和NDM组SNP—11377C—SNP-4522T单倍型频率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论脂联素基因SNP-11377C—SNP-4522T单倍型与T2DM相关,且可能增加患T2DM风险（OR=1．60,95％CI：1．09～2．35）。     

Variations in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">HHEX</Emphasis> gene are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population

Aims/hypothesis Recently, several groups have carried out whole-genome association studies in European and European-origin populations and found novel type 2 diabetes-susceptibility genes, fat mass and obesity associated (FTO), solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 8 (SLC30A8), haematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX), exostoses (multiple) 2 (EXT2), CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (p15, inhibits CDK4) (CDKN2B) and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2), which had not been in the list of functional candidates. The aim of this study was to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes and type 2 diabetes in participants from the Japanese population. Methods Sixteen previously reported SNPs were genotyped in 864 Japanese type 2 diabetes individuals (535 men and 329 women; age 63.1 ± 9.5 years (mean±SD), BMI 24.3 ± 3.9 kg/m²) and 864 Japanese control individuals (386 men and 478 women; age 69.5 ± 6.8 years, BMI 23.8 ± 3.7 kg/m²). Results The SNPs rs5015480 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.46 (95% CI 1.20–1.77), p = 2.0 × 10⁻⁴], rs7923837 [OR = 1.40 (95% CI 1.17–1.68), p = 2.0 × 10⁻⁴] and rs1111875 [OR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.11–1.52), p = 0.0013] in HHEX were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes with the same direction as previously reported. SNP rs8050136 in FTO was nominally associated with type 2 diabetes [OR = 1.22 (95% CI 1.03–1.46), p = 0.025]. SNPs in other genes such as rs7756992 in CDKAL1, rs10811661 in CDKN2B and rs13266634 in SLC30A8 showed nominal association with type 2 diabetes. rs7756992 in CDKAL1 and rs10811661 in CDKN2B were correlated with impaired pancreatic beta cell function as estimated by the homeostasis model assessment beta index (p = 0.023, p = 0.0083, respectively). Conclusions/interpretation HHEX is a common type 2 diabetes-susceptibility gene across different ethnic groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. M. Horikoshi and K. Hara contributed equally to this study.     

ApoE基因多态性与中国人2型糖尿病及其肾病并发症的关系

目的　研究 Apo E基因多态性与中国人 2型糖尿病及其肾病并发症的关系。方法　以载脂蛋白 E(Apo E)基因为候选基因 ,运用聚合酶链反应——限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR- RFL P)方法检测了 2 6 5例 2型糖尿病患者 ,其中未合并肾病者 10 6例 ,合并肾病者 15 9例 ,后者又分为蛋白尿者 12 2例 ,肾功能不全者 37例及 110例非糖尿病对照者的Apo E基因型。结果　 12型糖尿病合并肾病组与 2型糖尿病未合并肾病组相比 ,等位基因 ε2频率显著升高 (P=0 .0 0 894 ) ;基因型 E2 (E2 / 2 E2 / 3)组频率也显著升高 (P=0 .0 0 194 )。 2 2型糖尿病组与非糖尿病对照组相比基因型频率及等位基因频率均无显著性差异 (均 P>0 .0 5 )。结论　Apo E等位基因 ε2可能是 2型糖尿病合并肾病的危险因子。Apo E基因多态性与中国人 2型糖尿病发病无相关性     

Genetic variations of the CDC2L2 gene are associated with type 2 diabetes in a Han Chinese cohort

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to study the potential association of CDC2L2 variations with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were extensively screened across the CDC2L2 gene by the site-specific PCR method ARMS (Amplification Refractory Mutation System). The identified novel polymorphisms were further evaluated in a Han Chinese cohort comprising of 467 patients with diabetes and 569 nondiabetic controls. In addition, 76 parent-offspring trios were also included in this association study.The case-control and TDT/sibTDT studies are applied for association analysis in this study. RESULTS: Seven loci (rs1059831, SNP33, rs7528782, SNP11, SNP36, rs11488590 and SNP30) were shown to be significantly associated with T2D in unrelated individuals (p < 0.05). When individuals were stratified by age, sex and body mass index (BMI), the SNP11 was shown to be strongly associated with female patients with T2D, patients whose age was over 45 years and individuals whose BMI was less than 23 (p = 0.018, 0.011 and 0.0089, respectively). However, it was not replicated in the family-based TDT/sibTDT analysis (p = 0.085, OR = 0.63 (CI 95% 0.34-1.06)). CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that the CDC2L2 gene may contribute to the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes in the northern Han Chinese population, but further studies are needed to replicate these findings.     

转录因子7类似物2基因rs11196205多态性与安徽地区2型糖尿病及糖调节受损的相关性

目的 探讨转录因子7类似物2(TCF7L2)基因rs11196205位点多态性在安徽地区汉族人群中与2型糖尿病(T2DM)和糖调节受损(IGR)的相关性.方法 选取2009年1月至8月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院就诊的2型糖尿病患者300例、糖调节受损患者300例和糖耐量正常对照者(NGT)300名,收集临床资料和采集血样,测定生化指标并提取DNA;探针固定于芯片,PCR制备荧光标记靶基因与芯片杂交,扫描杂交结果;采用单因素方差分析及K-W检验统计分析rs11196205突变等位基因和基因型频率与T2DM及IGR发病的关系.结果 TCF7L2基因rs11196205位点等位基因频率[C在T2DM、IGR、NGT组频率分别为21%(126/600)、19%(114/600)、11%(68/600)]和基因型频率[GC+CC在T2DM、IGR、NGT组频率分别为41%(122/300)、37%(111/300)、22%(67/300)].T2DM与NGT、IGR与NGT、T2DM+IGR与NGT 3组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).携带突变等位基因C可增加罹患T2DM(OR=2.08,95%C1=1.51～2.86,X2=20.68,P<0.05)、IGR(OR=1.84,95%CI=1.33～2.54,X2=13.71,P<0.05)或任何一种(OR=1.96,95%CI=1.46～2.61,X2=21.18,P<0.05)的风险.与野生纯合基因型GG比较,体内携带一个以上突变基因C复本可增加罹患T2DM(OR:2.38,95%CI=1.67～3.40,X2=23.37,P<0.05)、IGR(OR=2.04,95%CI=1.43～2.92,X2=15.46,P<0.05)或任何一种(OR=2.21,95%CI=1.61～3.03,X2=24.50,P<0.05)的风险.结论 rs11196205位点G→C突变在安徽地区汉族人群中可能与T2DM和IGR关联,携带突变等位基因C可显著增加罹患T2DM和IGR的风险.     

Gender-dependent associations of CDKN2A/2B, KCNJ11, POLI, SLC30A8, and TCF7L2 variants with type 2 diabetes in (North African) Tunisian Arabs

We investigated the impact of gender on T2DM association with confirmed susceptibility loci. CDKN2A/2B rs10811661, KCNJ11 rs5219, and TCF7L2 rs7903146 were associated with T2DM in females, while POLI rs488846 was associated with T2DM among males; the association of SLC30A8 rs13266634 and TCF7L2 rs4506565, rs12243326, and rs12255372 with T2DM was gender-independent.     

MTNR1B基因多态性与宁夏汉族2型糖尿病患者脂质谱的关系

目的探讨MTNR1B基因多态性与宁夏汉族2型糖尿病患者体内脂质谱的关系。方法依据病例-对照设计方法,采用全自动生化分析仪等技术检测2型糖尿病患者体内脂质谱;应用PCR-RFLP法对宁夏汉族2型糖尿病患者295例、正常对照239例的MTNR1B rs1387153基因多态性进行分析。结果两组人群的MTNR1B rs1387153 C/T位点基因型和等位基因频率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三种基因型的TG比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.046),T型等位基因的TG水平高于C等位基因。Logistic回归分析显示与2型糖尿病密切相关的独立危险因素依次是TG(P=0.001)和腰围(P=0.027)。结论 MTNR1B rs138715基因多态性与宁夏地区汉族2型糖尿病不具有相关性,但与TG水平相关。     

ACE基因多态性与新诊断2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉内中膜增厚的关系研究

目的探讨人血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失多态性(I/D)与新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈总动脉内中膜厚度(CCA-IMT)的关系。方法采用限制性片段长度多态性-聚合酶链反应(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测2005年5月至2006年5月东莞市人民医院内分泌门诊收治的120例T2DM患者ACE基因内含子16I/D多态性,利用B超检测其CCA-IMT,通过多元Logistic回归分析筛选T2DM患者CCA-IMT增厚的危险因素。结果携带ACE基因DD型者CCA-IMT增厚的比例显著高于携带II及ID基因型者(F=10.164,P=0.006);Logistic回归分析显示,ACEDD基因型、年龄、合并高血压是T2DM患者CCA-IMT增厚的危险因素(OR分别为3.689,1.054,1.562,P均<0.05)。结论ACEDD基因型是T2DM患者CCA-IMT增厚的独立危险因素。     

Association testing of common variants in the insulin receptor substrate-1 gene (IRS1) with type 2 diabetes

Aims/hypothesis Activation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) is a key initial step in the insulin signalling pathway. Despite several reports of association of the G972R polymorphism in its gene IRS1 with type 2 diabetes, we and others have not observed this association in well-powered samples. However, other nearby variants might account for the putative association signal. Subjects and methods We characterised the haplotype map of IRS1 and selected 20 markers designed to capture common variations in the region. We genotyped this comprehensive set of markers in several family-based and case-control samples of European descent totalling 12,129 subjects. Results In an initial sample of 2,235 North American and Polish case-control pairs, the minor allele of the rs934167 polymorphism showed nominal evidence of association with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% CI 1.03–1.51, p = 0.03). This association showed a trend in the same direction in 7,659 Scandinavian samples (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.96–1.39, p = 0.059). The combined OR was 1.20 (p = 0.008), but statistical correction for the number of variants examined yielded a p value of 0.086. We detected no differences across rs934167 genotypes in insulin-related quantitative traits. Conclusions/interpretation Our data do not support an association of common variants in IRS1 with type 2 diabetes in populations of European descent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. D. Altshuler and L. Groop jointly supervised this project.     

2型糖尿病患者胰升糖素受体基因的PCR-DGGE扫查

目的　探讨胰升糖素受体 (GCG- R)基因在中国人 2型糖尿病遗传背景中的地位。方法　运用聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳 (PCR- DGGE)技术对 2 0 0例无亲缘关系之中国云南昆明地区汉族人 (2型糖尿病患者 12 0例 ,健康对照者 80例 )的 GCG- R基因编码区进行了分子扫查。结果　仅发现 2例 2型糖尿病患者及 1例健康对照者的 GCG- R基因第 7外显子存在多态变异带型 ,这一杂合子多态变异基因型在 2型糖尿病组和对照组中的发生频率分别为 0 .0 17和0 .0 13,两者之间无显著性差异。此外 ,研究对象 GCG- R基因其它编码区的 PCR- DGGE扫查均未发现异常泳动片段。结论　 GCG- R基因可能不是中国昆明地区汉族人 2型糖尿病的主要致病基因。