河北省育龄妇女贫血调查结果分析

目的:全面了解育龄妇女的贫血情况,建立河北省育龄妇女贫血的基础数据。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取河北省14个县市的14 443名育龄妇女进行调查。结果:河北省育龄妇女贫血患病率为31.43%,其中未孕妇女贫血患病率为34.10%,孕妇为46.39%,哺乳妇女为47.21%。城乡差别显著,农村妇女患病率明显高于城市(P<0.01)。未孕育龄妇女贫血患病率各年龄段之间存在差异,年龄越大患病率越高,孕妇贫血患病率随孕周而增加,在孕晚期患病率达50.07%。结论:缺铁性贫血是育龄妇女常见的营养性缺乏病,也是反映妇女营养状况的一项重要的指标,严重影响妇女的身体健康,尤其是孕产妇贫血对儿童的身体健康也造成严重损害,应该引起重视,及早发现及早治疗。     

福州市育龄妇女铁缺乏症流行病学调查

[目的]对530名育龄妇女(孕妇405人、未孕妇125人)的营养性贫血状况进行调查提出干预措施。[方法]分别从不同孕期及未孕育龄妇女中采血测定血红蛋白(Hb)、血锌原卟啉(ZPP)和血清铁蛋白(SF)水平．并进行有关影响因素问卷调查。[结果]530名育龄妇女中,贫血患病率为23．8%(其中孕妇25．9％,未孕妇16．80),孕妇贫血患病率明显高于未孕妇,孕妇的血红蛋白随孕周的增加而下降,孕妇的血锌原卟啉与未孕妇相比差异有显著性．不同孕期的血清铁蛋白随孕周的增加而逐渐减少。[结论]缺铁性贫血是妇女最常见的营养性疾患之一,必须采取综合性防治措施,积极预防。     

育龄妇女血清叶酸及血红蛋白水平调查

目的 了解陕西省育龄妇女血清叶酸和血红蛋白水平.方法 采用横断面调查,按人口比例随机抽取陕西省城市及农村20～49岁育龄妇女610名,测定其血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白和血清叶酸,分析比较城乡育龄妇女叶酸和血红蛋白水平及贫血患病率.结果 城乡妇女平均叶酸水平分别为4.99和4.91 μg/L;12.5%的育龄妇女患叶酸缺乏,叶酸缺乏比例随年龄减小而增加.陕南农村妇女叶酸缺乏比例最低为6%;关中农村为14.4%,陕北农村为16.9%.城乡妇女的血红蛋白平均水平分别为122.0和123.1g/L,贫血患病率为36.4%,铁缺乏性贫血患病率为15.7%;陕北农村妇女贫血患病率为19.5%,陕南农村为38.0%,关中农村为44.8%.结论 叶酸和铁缺乏在育龄妇女中普遍流行,陕北和关中是叶酸缺乏的高发地区,关中和陕南是贫血的高发地区.     

拉萨地区孕期妇女血红蛋白水平研究

目的 了解拉萨地区孕期妇女的血红蛋白(Hb)水平及高海拔下贫血患病情况.方法 随机抽样选择拉萨地区孕妇,采用B-Hemoglobin血红蛋白仪,取指末梢血10 μl测量Hb含量,分别运用CDC法、Dirren法和Dallman法对Hb进行海拔调整,计算贫血患病率;采用KX-21N血液自动分析仪测量红细胞各参数,分析细胞特征.结果 共检测孕妇380名,Hb平均浓度为127.6 g/L.藏族孕妇Hb为126.6 g/L,低于其他民族134.6 g/L;农村为130.4 g/L,高于城市125.9 g/L.以孕周作为协变量进行协方差分析后,藏族孕妇Hb浓度仍较低,城市和农村孕妇间差异无统计学意义.不同方法校正Hb与海拔关系后得出不同的贫血患病率:CDC法70.0%,Dirren法77.9%,Dallman法41.3%.分析红细胞参数发现,拉萨孕妇并未出现缺铁性贫血的特异性变化.结论 海拔因素对Hb有显著影响;拉萨孕期妇女Hb浓度较平原地区高;目前应用较为广泛的Hb同海拔间关系的校正方法可能会高估世居高原的藏族妇女人群贫血患病率.     

2010—2012年中国农村孕妇贫血及维生素A、维生素D营养状况

目的分析2010—2012年中国农村孕妇血红蛋白水平、维生素A和维生素D水平,评价该人群贫血患病率的变化,并评估其维生素A和维生素D的营养状况。方法数据来自2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测。调查对象为我国45个普通农村和30个贫困农村的孕妇。采用氰化高铁法检测1763例孕妇血红蛋白的浓度;采用高效液相色谱法检测601例血清视黄醇的水平;采用酶联免疫法测定979例25-羟基维生素D水平。计算血红蛋白水平及贫血患病率;维生素A水平及缺乏率和边缘缺乏率;维生素D水平及严重缺乏率、缺乏率和不足率。结果2010—2012年中国农村孕妇血红蛋白水平为123.60(113.80~133.50)g/L,普通农村[123.10(114.00~132.20)g/L]显著低于贫困农村[125.40(113.30~136.80)g/L](P=0.020)。中国农村孕妇贫血率为17.58%,贫困农村(20.19%)显著高于普通农村(16.10%)(P=0.029)。农村孕妇维生素A水平为1.53(1.18~1.98)μmol/L,维生素A缺乏率为3.49%,边缘缺乏率为12.81%。农村孕妇维生素D水平为15.55(11.94~19.90)ng/m L,维生素D缺乏严重,维生素D缺乏率(包括缺乏与严重缺乏)高达75.38%,普通农村缺乏率(65.36%)显著低于贫困农村(87.42%)(P<0.001)。结论 2010—2012年中国农村孕妇贫血患病率较10年前有所改善,但仍高于其他人群。孕妇普遍存在较为严重的维生素D缺乏,同时存在一定比例的维生素A边缘缺乏。     

辽宁省居民贫血患病率及影响因素分析

目的了解辽宁省城乡居民贫血流行病学特征及影响因素。方法运用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,抽取辽宁省3780户家庭,共12095人。采用询问调查方式获得18岁及以上居民个人基本情况,医学体检获取血红蛋白数据。结果辽宁省居民血红蛋白为(137.0±16.0)g/L,其中城市居民为(138.2±16.1)g/L,农村居民为(135.0±15.7)g/L;男性(142.9±16.4)g/L,女性(130.4±13.5)g/L;贫血患病率11.2%,标化患病率为11.6%,城市居民贫血患病率为10.5%,农村13.4%,城乡比较,差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);女性贫血患病率(14.1%)高于男性(7.9%),差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);2岁内的婴幼儿(25.1%)、老年人(16.4%)和生育期妇女(18.0%)患病率较高。多因素分析显示,年龄、性别、地区、婚姻状况、民族的OR分别为1.100,1.590,1.375,1.128,1.287。结论2岁以内婴幼儿、60岁以上老年人和生育期妇女是贫血的高危人群;贫血患病率农村高于城市,女性高于男性;文化程度较高人群患病率较低,年龄、性别、地区、民族、婚姻状况是贫血的危险因素。     

妇女孕前贫血与孕期贫血间关系的研究

我国妇女妊娠期贫血患病率在20%以上~[1-4],2003年在南方经济发达地区婚前医学检查妇女的贫血患病率仍在25%以上~[5].而农村地区有78.9%～84.1%的妇女在登记结婚后一年内受孕~[6],在北方和经济欠发达地区这一比例可能更高,因此有些妊娠贫血可能是孕前期(孕前)贫血的延续和发展.本研究分析妇女婚前医学检查时血红蛋白(Hb)浓度(g/L)和贫血患病情况与其在孕期Hb浓度和贫血患病率间的关系,明确防治孕前贫血对降低妊娠贫血患病率的作用.     

2011年江苏省碘缺乏重点地区居民碘营养现状调查

目的了解碘缺乏重点地区不同人群的碘营养现状。方法在23个碘缺乏重点县(市、区),随机抽取2 303份盐样,2 239份儿童、育龄妇女及孕妇和哺乳妇女尿样,检测盐碘含量和尿碘浓度。结果碘盐覆盖率,碘盐合格率,合格碘盐食用率分别为98.3%、97.6%、95.0%;学龄儿童和育龄妇女尿碘中位数分别为240.1μg/L、231.8μg/L,略高于适宜范围但未过量,孕妇和哺乳妇女尿碘中位数均在150～249μg/L适宜范围。结论碘缺乏重点地区重点人群碘营养总体上充足,建议加强对各类特需人群的碘营养水平监测。     

汕头市妊娠期妇女贫血状况调查与分析

目的通过调查掌握汕头市妊娠期妇女贫血状况。方法采用统一的调查表,对在汕头市市区医院行产检的孕妇进行调查,血红蛋白<100g/L为妊娠期贫血。结果贫血患病率为11.7%,孕早期为7.8%,孕中期为8.7%,孕晚期为15.5%,孕晚期贫血患病率高。不同产次、年龄、职业、文化程度的孕妇贫血患病率有显著性差异。产次多、年龄大、文化程度低的孕妇贫血患病率高。妊娠期有高危因素、孕前有贫血史、妊娠期进食量少、家庭人均月收入低的孕妇贫血患病率高。结论在孕前做好充分准备,积极治疗各种疾病,营造良好的受孕条件。孕期全程注意膳食搭配合理,营养均衡,铁剂的补充,防止贫血的发生,尤其在孕晚期,及时纠正贫血,降低和减少贫血对孕妇和胎儿的影响,以保母婴安康。通过各种渠道的宣传,提高孕妇的妊娠保健知识知晓率。     

孕妇缺铁性贫血现状及相关因素分析

目的:掌握新余市孕妇缺铁性贫血的患病率,制定干预措施。方法:对在产科门诊产前检查的1137例孕妇进行问卷调查,并进行血红蛋白检验。结果:孕妇缺铁性贫血患病率为17.41%,孕晚期患病率高于孕早、中期。结论:加强健康教育,制定干预措施,增强广大妇女的保健意识,预防孕期缺铁性贫血。     

浙江德清农村社区已婚育龄女性饮茶与贫血的相关研究

目的了解中国浙江农村社区已婚育龄女性贫血状况及饮茶与其关系。方法采用流行病学现况研究设计,整群抽取浙江省德清县4个农村社区,面对面调查上述社区中20～49周岁的社区已婚育龄女性居民1425人。调查内容包括一般情况、健康状况、生活行为方式等。采用氰化高铁法测定血红蛋白。在SPSS11.0中进行数据分析,对于分类变量进行卡方检验;在二分类和多分类Logistic回归模型中检验饮茶与贫血的关联。结果在1425名调查对象中,平均血红蛋白(114.7±17.0)g/L,贫血患病率为63.3%,以轻中度贫血为主,20～30岁组、31～40岁组和41～49岁组的贫血患病率分别为63.5%、63.2%和63.4%,差异无显著性。饮茶者的平均血红蛋白水平高于非饮茶者(t=3.33,P=0.001);饮茶与贫血患病存在统计学关联,饮茶者贫血的校正OR=0.56(95%CI:0.45,0.70),进一步的分析中,饮茶对无论轻度、中度还是重度贫血均有不同程度的保护效应,其校正OR分别为0.57(95%CI:0.43,0.75)、0.57(95%CI:0.43,0.75)和0.28(95%CI:0.11,0.70)。结论转型期的浙江德清农村社区已婚育龄女性的贫血患病率依然较高,饮茶可能与其贫血有一定的关系。     

2011年杭州市西湖区重点人群尿碘监测结果

目的:了解杭州市西湖区重点人群的家庭食用盐及尿碘水平,并为碘缺乏病防治工作提供科学依据。方法:分别抽取8岁～10岁学生221名、育龄妇女204名、孕妇100名、哺乳期妇女30名,进行碘营养水平监测。结果:8岁～10岁学生家庭食用盐的合格率为95.0%,尿碘中位值为187μg/L,尿碘值>100μg/L的占89.3%,无尿碘值<20μg/L的样本,尿碘值偏低(<50μg/L)的学生占2.6%;育龄妇女家庭食用盐合格率为94.6%,尿碘中位数186μg/L;孕妇及哺乳期妇女家庭食用盐的合格率为100%,尿碘中位数分别为106μg/L和124μg/L。结论:杭州市西湖区8岁～10岁学生和育龄妇女碘营养状况良好,达到消除碘缺乏病标准,但是孕妇及哺乳期妇女碘营养水平稍偏低,存在碘缺乏的危险,应根据不同碘营养状况给予不同的营养指导措施。     

甘肃省合作市2010年藏族人群碘营养水平调查分析

目的评价合作市藏族人群的碘营养状况,为藏族地区碘缺乏病提供依据。方法随机抽取未孕育龄妇女(18～40岁)、孕妇、哺乳期妇女、8～10岁学龄儿童(男女各半)及20～50岁成年男性,采集随机一次性尿样,用过硫酸铵消化—砷铈催化分光光度方法(WS/T107-2006)测定尿碘。结果合作市未孕育龄妇女、孕妇、哺乳期妇女、8～10岁学龄儿童及成年男性的尿碘中位数分别为138.75 μg/L、155.34 μg/L、211.92 μg/L、184.12 μg/L和232.50 μg/L,尿碘<50 μg/L的比例均<20%,<100 μg/L的比例<50%,学生尿碘中位数与其他组有显著性差异(P<0.01)。育龄妇女、成年男性和学龄儿童在100～200 μg/L适宜范围的比例分别53.0%、45.6%和27.5%,孕妇和哺乳期妇女尿碘在150～250 μg/L适宜范围的比例分别为34.5%和33.7%,<150 μg/L的比例分别为46.5%和35.9%。结论 5种重点人群的尿碘中位数都达到了相应的推荐标准,但尿碘在适宜范围内的比例在30%～50%之间,育龄妇女仍然是碘缺乏病最需要关注的人群。藏族地区碘缺乏病防治工作应结合不同地区(农区或牧区)、不同生活方式和不同重点人群及其膳食等情况,有针对性地科学补碘,才能使藏族地区人群的碘营养状况达到平衡。     

生育年龄与社会影响因素分析

目的:调查河北省11个市育龄夫妇平均生育年龄态势及其社会影响因素。方法:根据河北省11个市对农村随访孕妇的调查资料,对农村育龄夫妇的性别、年龄、生育年龄及生育状况与文化水平、民族职业以及辖区经济状况等数据进行筛选与分析。结果:河北省一胎孕妇平均年龄为23.9±2.50岁,二胎孕妇平均年龄为31.3±3.30岁;一胎孕妇丈夫平均年龄24.85±2.48岁,二胎孕妇丈夫平均年龄32.03±3.60岁;孕妇及其丈夫生年育龄与其所在市辖区内人均经济收入水平呈明显负相关,且生育年龄在不同文化程度、不同职业各组间有明显差异,其中文盲、小学、大学、干部生育年龄比其他组明显上升。结论:本研究表明生育年龄与所在辖区内人均收入水平呈负相关,且生育年龄向后推迟现象在文化层次上向最高和最低学历两极分化。     

Iron status in non-pregnant women of child-bearing age living at Greater Buenos Aires

This survey was conducted in Greater Buenos Aires to assess the iron nutritional status of non-pregnant women of child-bearing age. One hundred and eighty-four subjects aged 16-44 years were studied. The prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin concentration less than 120 g/l) was 25.8 per cent. According to the multiple criteria approach, 21.6 per cent of women presented two or three abnormal values of iron status indicators (free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum ferritin and/or mean corpuscular volume). Prevalences of anaemia were 19.2 per cent, 51.8 per cent and 100 per cent in women with 0-1, 2 or 3 indicators in the abnormal range, respectively. The haemoglobin shift analysis showed a prevalence of anaemia of 19.5 per cent. Frequency distribution of iron stores was calculated as described by Cook & Finch, with slight modifications; median value of iron stores was estimated at 180 mg iron. Depletion of iron stores was significantly associated with the socio-economic status, prevalences being 5.3 per cent, 34.2 per cent and 43.2 per cent for the high, middle and low socioeconomic groups, respectively.     

中国育龄期妇女贫血筛查血红蛋白阈值探讨

目的探讨适用于中国育龄期妇女贫血筛查的血红蛋白(Hb)阈值。方法从2002年中国居民营养与健康监测的资料中按一定的血红蛋白浓度梯度分层随机抽取619名育龄期妇女(20～45岁),运用分层分析的方法,根据其他铁营养状况指标和血红蛋白的相关性以及这些指标随血红蛋白浓度变化的趋势综合判断应用血红蛋白筛查贫血的适宜判定界值。结果 C反应蛋白(CRP)均在正常值范围内(≤8mg/L);血红蛋白与转铁蛋白受体、铁蛋白比值的对数lg(sTfR/SF)呈负相关,与血清铁(SI)、血清铁蛋白的对数(lgSF)和转铁蛋白饱和度TS(%)呈正相关;血红蛋白与其他铁营养状况指标的回归分析中,lgSF和sTfR/SF被纳入了回归方程(回归模型以及系数检验均有统计学意义,P<0.001),是解释血红蛋白浓度变化的两个最佳指标;SF和sTfR/SF两个指标在血红蛋白为110g/L这个拐点处变化最为显著。结论血红蛋白浓度110g/L可作为我国育龄期妇女贫血筛查的相对适宜判定界值。     

Anaemia in pregnant, postpartum and non pregnant women in Lak district, Daklak province of Vietnam

OBJECTIVES: To determine anaemia prevalence and related factors in pregnant women (PW), post partum women (PPW) and non pregnant women (NPW) in a remote mountainous district. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2001. All PW, all PPW within 6 months of delivery and a random number of NPW equivalents to the number of PW in each commune were selected. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured using Hemocue method. Mild anaemia was defined as Hb=7 g/dL-11 g/dL in PW, and 8 g/dL-12 g/dL in NPW and PPW. Severe anaemia was defined as Hb<7 g/dL in PW, and<8 g/dL in NPW and PPW. Pregnancy status was determined using urine pregnancy test and calculation of expected menstruum. RESULTS: There were 901 women surveyed: 281 PW, 348 PPW and 272 NPW. More than half (58%) were anaemic: 54% mild and 4% severe. Mean Hb was 11.1g/dL. More PPW had anaemia (62%; OR=1.4; 95%CI=1.1-2.1 compared to NPW) than NPW (54%) and PW (53%). Other related factors were being BoY, Ede and Koho ethnics (OR=2.7; 95%CI=1.4-5.0 compared to Kinh ethnic), having primary education or lower (OR=1.5; 95%CI=1.1-2.1 compared to secondary education or higher). Among PW, being pregnant during the third trimester increased anaemia (OR=2.2; 95%CI=1.3-3.8 compared to being pregnant during the second trimester). Among PPW, women aged 30 or older were more anaemic (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.1-2.9 compared to women aged 20-29). CONCLUSION: Anaemia prevalence was very high. Interventions should be focused on PPW, PW during the last trimester, minority ethnic women, low-educated and older women.     

Iron status of premenopausal women in two regions of Bangladesh: prevalence of deficiency in high and low socio-economic groups

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess iron status in women of different physiological status of two socio-economic groups in Bangladesh. DESIGN: Cross sectional study, using 3-day food record and blood haemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin concentrations. SETTING: Two regions of Bangladesh. The Dhaka city area and west region of Nandail, Mymensingh. SUBJECTS: Women aged 16-40 y. The low socio-economic group (group L, n=101) consisted of rural women with precarious income levels. The high socio-economic group (group H, n=90) consisted of women with high income and educational levels. The groups were composed of three sub-groups (non-pregnant non-lactating=1, pregnant = 2 and lactating = 3). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the corresponding sub-groups of the two socio-economic groups in dietary intake of iron. In all sub-groups, the intake of iron was much higher than the RDA level and mainly based on non-haem iron. Blood haemoglobin (B-Hb) concentration (P=0.000), serum iron concentration (P=0.005) and serum ferritin (SF) concentration (P=0.000) were affected by socio-economic status. Physiological status (PS) influenced the B-Hb concentration (P=0.000). Prevalence of anaemia ranged from 63 to 70% in group L and 27 to 66% in group H, respectively. The prevalence of empty iron store (SF concentration<12 microg/l) ranged from 35 to 59% in group L and 15 to 32% in group H, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency (70 and 35% for sub-group L2; 66 and 32% for sub-group H2, respectively) were similar in the pregnant subjects of the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical iron deficiency was common in women of low socio-economic status. The pregnant subjects in the two groups was similar as regards iron status. SPONSORSHIP: The study was supported by the Academy of Finland, University of Helsinki and NorFa, Norway.     

Status of iodine nutrition in pregnant and lactating women in national capital district, Papua New Guinea

Urinary Iodine excretion is a useful and important indicator of the iodine status of a population. This study attempts to determine the urinary iodine concentration of non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating women, resident in the National Capital District of Papua New Guinea, so as to evaluate their status of iodine nutrition. The study population was made up of 56 non-pregnant, 40 lactating and 212 pregnant women. Of the 212 pregnant women, 14 were in the first, 64 in the second, and 134 in the third Trimester of pregnancy. Casual urine samples were collected and analysed for urinary iodine by Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. The median urinary iodine concentration for the non-pregnant, lactating and pregnant women was 163.0 micro g/L, 134.0 micro g/L and 180.0 micro g/L, respectively. Median urinary iodine for the first, second and third trimesters were 165.0 micro g/L, 221.5 micro g/L and 178.0 micro g/L, respectively. The 20th percentile urinary iodine values were higher than 50 micro g/L for all the groups. This indicates adequate intake of dietary iodine and optimal status of iodine nutrition amongst women in the various groups. Mild to severe status of iodine nutrition was found in 30.4% of non-pregnant, 35.0% of lactating, 22.2% of pregnant women, 28.5% of women in the first, 18.8% in the second, and 23.1% in the third trimester of pregnancy. To achieve optimal iodine nutrition in pregnant and lactating women, an increase in their intake of dietary iodine is recommended.