尿中1-羟基芘作为焦炉工多环芳烃暴露生物监测指标的研究

目的探讨焦炉工外暴露等级与尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHPy)浓度的关系。方法以某焦化厂120名生产工人和30名非接触者为研究对象,收集班后6h尿,并收集个人信息,用高效液相法测定尿中1-羟基芘。结果尿中1-羟基芘浓度呈炉顶>炉侧>炉底>对照组的趋势。与外暴露呈显著相关性(r=0.653,P<0.01),同样外暴露条件下,吸烟者尿中1-羟基芘显著高于未吸烟者(P<0.05)。结论焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平与外暴露等级存在明显的相关性,可反映多环芳烃暴露个体的内剂量水平。     

尿中1-羟基芘作为焦炉工多环芳烃暴露监测指标研究

目的 探讨焦炉工外暴露等级与尿中1-羟基芘（1-OHPy）浓度的关系。方法 以某焦化厂120名生产工人和30名非接触者为研究对象，收集班后6h尿，并收集个人信息，用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-羟基芘。结果 尿中1-羟基芘浓度呈炉顶〉炉侧〉炉底〉对照组的趋势。与外暴露呈显著相关性（r=0．653，P〈0．01）；同样外暴露条件下，吸烟者录中1-羟基芘水平显著高于未吸烟者（P〈0．01）。结论 焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平与外暴露等级存在明显的相关性，可反映多环芳烃暴露个体的内剂量水平。     

炼焦职业暴露工人与对照人群尿中1-羟基芘水平比较

目的比较焦炉工和非职业暴露人群尿中1-羟基芘的不同水平,并探讨可能的各种影响因素.方法 2002年上半年,以某焦化厂265名炼焦作业工人和226名非职业接触对照人群为调查对象,职业接触组收集工作班末尿,对照组收集晨尿.根据环境中多环芳烃监测和调查表评价外暴露因素和可能的混杂因素,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-羟基芘含量,比较两组人群尿中1-羟基芘的不同水平,并分析外暴露等级、吸烟、饮酒、年龄和体重指数的可能影响.结果尿中1-羟基芘浓度呈炉顶工〉炉侧工〉炉底工〉对照的趋势,几何均数依次为13.49、6.56、1.38和0.35 μmol/mol肌酐,差异有统计学意义;各组人群尿中1-羟基芘浓度超标率分别依次为94.81%、84.73%、35.09%和0.88%,差异有统计学意义.对照人群中≥20支/d吸烟组的尿中1-羟基芘水平明显高于不吸烟组,修正几何均数分别为0.47和0.31 μmol/mol肌酐,差异有统计学意义;对照人群中饮酒组的尿中1-羟基芘水平明显低于不饮酒组,修正几何均数分别为0.33和0.47 μmol/mol肌酐,差异有统计学意义.结论焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平较高,以炉侧工和炉顶工最为明显,非职业暴露人群尿中1-羟基芘本底水平与吸烟和饮酒因素有关.     

焦炉工多环芳烃接触与尿1-羟基芘及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α的关系

目的 探讨焦炉工外接触等级与尿中1-羟基芘物质的量浓度的关系,同时研究血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平能否作为焦炉工多环芳烃(PAH)的接触评价指标以及TNF-α与1-羟基芘物质的量浓度的关系.方法 以某焦化厂86名生产工人和35名对照者为研究对象,采集血清和班后尿,并收集个人信息,检测血清中TNF-α水平,用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-羟基芘.结果 焦炉工尿1-羟基芘物质的量浓度(4.78±2.09)μmol/mol Cr显著高于对照组[(2.12±1.81)μmol/mol Cr,P＜0.001],并呈炉顶＞炉侧＞炉底＞对照组的趋势.与外接触呈显著相关性(r=0.727,P＜0.001);在同样外接触条件下,吸烟量显著影响尿中1-羟基芘的水平(P＜0.05);焦炉工血清中TNF-α水平(30.1±2.0)μg/L明显高于对照人群[(17.7±1.8)μg/L,P＜0.001];焦炉工尿1-羟基芘水平与血清中TNF-α呈弱相关(r=0.316,P＜0.001).结论 焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平与外接触等级存在良好的剂量-效应关系,可反映PAH接触个体的内剂量水平;焦炉工人血清TNF-α有可能作为PAH接触评价的参数.     

焦炉工尿1-羟基芘水平及脱离职业暴露后浓度变化分析

以某焦化厂焦炉车间153名生产工人和无职业性多环芳烃接触者50人为研究对象。记录其离开工作岗位的时间,收集晨尿。用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-羟基芘水平。采用方差分析和协方差分析的统计学方法研究不同焦炉位置作业及脱离职业暴露后不同时间对尿1-羟基芘水平的影响。焦炉工尿1-羟基芘水平呈现炉顶炉侧炉底对照趋势;脱离职业暴露后,焦炉工尿1-羟基芘水平呈8 h以内组8~16 h组16 h以上组趋势。说明焦炉的作业位置以及脱离职业暴露后的时间均可影响焦炉工尿1-羟基芘水平。     

焦炉工多环芳烃暴露与尿中1-羟基芘含量的关系

[目的]探讨焦炉工人多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)暴露等级与尿中1-羟基芘(1-0H-Pyr)含量的关系. [方法]以某市焦化厂121名工人作为暴露组和50名本厂机关工作人员为对照组,收集其工作周末班后尿,并使用统一调查表收集职业暴露史、年龄、性别等个人信息,采用碱水解-高效液相色谱法测定尿1-羟基芘浓度. [结果]4组工人尿中1-羟基芘的含量均不同,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中炉顶工尿中1-羟基芘浓度为最高(10.38 ± 0.69)μmol/molCr,对照组工人尿中1-羟基芘含量为最低(1.07±0.73)μmol/molCr.尿中1-羟基芘浓度与PAHs外暴露的等级之间有正相关关系(r=0.879,P=0.001). [结论]焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘的含量与PAHs外暴露等级之间存在正相关关系,焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘的含量可反映多环芳烃暴露个体的内剂量水平.     

尿中萘及其代谢产物作为焦炉工生物监测指标的研究

目的　探讨尿中萘及其代谢产物作为焦炉工生物监测指标的可行性。方法　在某焦化厂随机选取 2 8名焦炉工人和 2 2名对照个体 ,统一收集工作周末班后 2h尿 ,并使用调查表收集一般情况。采用顶空固相微提取结合气相色谱 -质谱联机方法 ,同时测定尿中萘和芘的水平 ,采用酶水解结合气相色谱 -质谱联机方法 ,同时测定样品中 1-萘酚、 2 -萘酚和 1-羟基芘的水平。使用多元线性回归分析不同工种和吸烟量对尿中这 5种多环芳烃生物标志物浓度的影响。结果　尿中萘、 1-萘酚、 2 -萘酚和 1-羟基芘的浓度呈炉顶工 >炉侧和炉底工 >对照个体的趋势 ,其中尿中 1-萘酚和 1-羟基芘的水平受工种的影响大于2 -萘酚 ;不同暴露水平组中 ,吸烟个体尿中 1-萘酚、 2 -萘酚和 1-羟基芘的浓度均大于不吸烟者 ,但吸烟对 2 -萘酚的影响最大。结论　尿中 1-萘酚和 2 -萘酚浓度均能够有效地反映个体短期多环芳烃暴露的内剂量水平 ,可用于焦炉工的生物监测。     

CYP1A1基因多态性与焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平的关系

目的 研究CYPIAl多态性与焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平的关系.方法 按照苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)接触水平将223名焦炉工分为炉顶组(76名)、炉侧组(82名)和炉底组(65名),以119名无职业性接触多环芳烃的工人为对照组,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)CYPIAl基因Mspl位点多态性、等位基凶特异性扩增方法 检测CYPlAl基因1462V位点的多态性.结果 炉顶组、炉侧组和炉底组焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平分别为(3.77+0.64)、(3.57+0.49)、(3.26+0.80)μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(PO.05).炉侧组和炉顶组CYPIAl 1462V位点的各基因型尿中1-羟基芘水平均为Ⅱe/Ⅱe<Ⅱe/Val相似文献   

焦炉工人神经行为改变及其影响因素研究

[目的]探讨焦炉作业环境对焦炉工人神经行为的影响及其影响因素。[方法]选取某焦化厂198名焦炉作业工人为暴露组（炉底工23人,炉侧工85人,炉顶工90人）;该厂气防员等非焦化作业工人145名为对照组。高效液相色谱法测定作业环境中的B（a）P和尿1．羟基芘浓度。调查表采集个人信息。采用WHO推荐的神经行为核心测试组合（NCTB）对研究对象的情感状态和神经行为功能进行测试。[结果]炉顶、炉侧、炉底暴露组和对照组作业环境的B（a）P浓度分别为（0．21±0．02）、（0．05±0．005）、（0．02±0．01）和（0．01±0．00）μg／m^3,工人尿1．羟基芘浓度分别为（10．47±3．72）、（3．80±2．45）、（1．86±2．19）和（1．62±1．91）μmol／mol肌酐。炉顶工人紧张．焦虑、愤怒．敌意、有力．好动、慌乱．迷惑、平均反应时间、最快反应时间、最慢反应时间、数字跨度（顺序）、数字跨度（倒序）、数字跨度（总体）、提转捷度（非习惯用手）、数字译码、视觉记忆、目标追踪（正确数）和目标追踪（总数）15项行为得分与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;炉侧工人愤怒．敌意、有力．好动、数字跨度（顺序）、数字跨度（倒序）、数字跨度（总体）、数字译码、目标追踪（正确数）和目标追踪（总数）8项行为得分与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;炉底工人平均反应时间行为得分与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多元线性回归分析显示,尿1-羟基芘水平与紧张．焦虑、慌乱．迷惑、平均反应时间、数字跨度（顺序）、数字跨度（倒序）、数字跨度（总体）、数字译码和目标追踪总数8项行为得分呈负相关;与有力．好动得分呈正相关。年龄、工龄、吸烟、饮酒、文化程度和夜班等因素分别与焦炉工人相应神经行为得分相关。[结论]焦炉作业环境可导致焦炉工人神经行为改变,与外暴露水平有关。尿1-羟基芘、年龄、工龄、吸烟、饮酒、文化程度和夜班为焦炉工人神经行为改变的主要影响因素。     

焦炉作业工人淋巴细胞诱变剂的敏感性研究

目的 研究焦炉作业工人外周血淋巴细胞对诱变剂博来霉素(bleomycin,BLM)损伤的敏感性.方法 以94名焦炉作业工人(暴露组)和64名选矿工人(对照组)作为研究对象.收集班后尿,测定尿中1-羟基芘水平反映多环芳烃暴露内剂量.肘静脉血分离淋巴细胞,体外培养20 h后,用8 μg/ml BLM处理30 min,彗星试验评价细胞DNA损伤水平.BLM处理前后DNA损伤的差即为个体对诱变剂的敏感性.结果 两组研究对象在年龄、性别、吸烟饮酒状况等方面差异均无统计学意义.焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平(9.0 μg/L,95%CI:6.8～11.7)显著高于对照(1.5 μg/L,95%CI:1.3～1.7)(t=-9.317,P＜0.01).对照组诱变剂敏感性为14.9(95%CI:13.7～16.3),焦炉工为17.7(95%CI:16.3～19.3),差异有统计学意义(t=-2.583,P=0.01).进一步按焦炉工尿1-羟基芘水平几何均数(9.0 μg/L)分层,发现高1-羟基芘水平组焦炉工对BLM的敏感性显著高于低1-羟基芘水平组(F=4.001,P=0.05).对照人群中吸烟者对BLM造成的损伤更为敏感.未发现年龄、饮酒、焦炉作业工龄、外暴露等级等因素对BLM敏感性有显著影响.结论 焦炉逸散物的暴露能够增加外周血淋巴细胞对BLM损伤的敏感程度,可能是焦炉作业工人中肿瘤高发的一个原因.     

焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平与外周血淋巴细胞染色体损伤的关系

目的 研究焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平与外周血淋巴细胞胞质分裂阻滞微核(CBMN)率的关系.方法 分别选取158名焦炉作业工人(接触组)和158名非职业接触人员(对照组),使用碱水解-高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-羟基芘浓度作为个体多环芳烃接触内剂量,应用CBMN法评价研究对象外周血淋巴细胞染色体损伤,使用调查表收集对象的职业接触史、年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒状况等信息.结果 调整了年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒状况后,接触组外周血淋巴细胞CBMN率(3.32‰±2.90‰)明显高于对照组(0.57‰±0.88‰),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),呈炉顶工＞炉侧工＞炉底工＞对照组的分布,组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).且接触组CBMN率与尿中1-羟基芘水平呈正相关(r=0.28,P＜0.05).进一步按尿中1-羟基芘水平将研究对象分成0.11～0.70(104人)、0.71～4.09(107人),4.10～24.74 μmol/mol Cr组(105人)3个内剂量组,使用多元非参数协方差分析校正了不同内剂量组个体的年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒状况后,0.71～4.09 μmol/mol Cr组的CBMN率为1.89‰±2.37‰,4.10～24.74μmol/mol Cr组的CBMN率为3.29‰±2.36‰,均明显高于0.11～0.70μmol/mol Cr组0.56‰±0.89‰,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触工龄和吸烟对CBMN率无影响.结论 焦炉工外周血淋巴细胞CBMN率随尿中1-羟基芘浓度的增加而明显增加.     

焦炉作业工人多环芳烃暴露与外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的关系

目的　探讨焦炉作业工人多环芳烃 (polycyclicaromatichydrocarbon ,PAHs)暴露与其外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的关系。方法　选取 2 35名焦炉作业工人和 30名非职业PAHs暴露者 ,使用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳技术评价外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤 ,采用高效液相色谱法测定工作周末班后 6h尿中 1 羟基芘水平 ,收集个人职业暴露、年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒等信息。结果　焦炉工外周血淋巴细胞的Olive尾矩高于对照组 [数值分别为 2 .4 7(0 .2 2～ 4 6 .6 8)、0 .94 (0 .4 2～ 4 .2 1) ],差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,且与尿中 1 羟基芘水平呈相关性 (Spearman偏相关系数 =0 .2 2 ,P <0 .0 1)。以非暴露者Olive尾矩的上 5分位数 1.9作为判断个体是否为DNA损伤阳性的界值 ,焦炉工发生外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤阳性的OR =5 .38,95 %CI=2 .0 7～ 14 .0 8,且随外暴露等级或内剂量水平的增高而呈增加的趋势。结论　焦炉工PAHs暴露水平与外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤呈良好的剂量 -效应和剂量 -反应关系。     

1-Hydroxypyrene concentrations in first morning voids and 24-h composite urine: intra- and inter-individual comparisons

Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been suggested as an exposure biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, it remains unknown whether a first morning urine sample can be used to reflect average exposure. In this paper, we examine intra-individual differences and inter-individual associations between first morning voids and 24-h composite urine samples. The analysis was performed using data collected from 100 adults who had a wide range of PAH exposure due to differences in their occupation, e.g., coke oven workers vs. non-coke oven workers. For each subject, all the urine voids within each of two 24-h measurement periods were collected. Results showed a significant (40% to 62%) intra-individual difference between first morning voids and 24-h urinary 1-OHP concentrations (in ng/ml urine). Creatinine adjustments of 1-OHP concentrations (in micromol/mol urinary creatinine) reduced the intra-individual difference by approximately 10%. Across all the subjects, a high overall correlation (r=0.76) was observed between first morning and 24-h average 1-OHP concentrations. Work environment and sampling season were found to significantly affect the relationship between first morning and 24-h 1-OHP concentrations. An increase of 1 ng/ml of first morning urinary 1-OHP predicted an increase of 0.5 and 0.25 ng/ml of 24-h urinary 1-OHP for coke oven workers and non-coke oven workers, respectively. Data collected in a winter season showed a higher correlation between first morning and 24-h concentrations than data collected in a fall season. Creatinine adjustments did not significantly improve overall correlations between first morning void and 24-h measurements, but increased total variances for 24-h urines explained by first morning urines in coke workers.     

微粒体环氧化物水化酶基因多态性对焦炉工尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的　研究外源性化学物代谢酶基因多态性与焦炉工尿中 1 羟基芘水平的关系。方法　分别选取 14 8名焦炉工和 6 9名非职业多环芳烃 (PAHs)暴露人员作为研究对象 ,使用碱水解 -高效液相色谱法测定其尿中 1 羟基芘浓度 ;分析了CYP1A1基因第 7外显子I4 6 2V位点、GSTM1、GSTT1、GSTP1基因I10 5V位点、CYP2E1基因 5’非编码区的Pst1位点和第 6内含子的Dra1位点、NQO1基因P187S位点、NAT2基因Kpn1、BamH1和Taq1位点以及mEH基因H113Y和R139H位点的多态性 ;使用调查表收集个人职业暴露史、年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒等信息。结果　焦炉工尿中 1 羟基芘水平[(5 .6 1± 1.0 4 ) μmol molCr]高于对照组 [(0 .74± 0 .32 ) μmol molCr],差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。调整了PAHs外暴露等级和吸烟因素后 ,焦炉工中具有mEH基因 113位点变异纯合子基因型个体尿中1 羟基芘水平高于杂合子和野生型纯合子 (6 .4 1± 1.0 9>6 .2 4± 1.0 9>4 .6 2± 0 .95 μmol molCr) ,且野生型纯合子与变异型纯合子基因型个体间尿中 1 羟基芘水平的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。在焦炉工中还发现CYP1A1和mEH基因多态性存在交互作用。结论　mEH基因 113位点的基因多态性可明显影响焦炉工尿中 1 羟基芘水平。     

Evaluation of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coke production and a graphite electrode manufacturing plant: assessment of urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene as a biological indicator of exposure.

OBJECTIVES--Characterisation of the airborne concentration of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at various workplaces in a graphite electrode and a coke production plant. Validation of the urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene (hydroxypyrene) as a biological marker of exposure to PAH. DESIGN--Cross sectional study of workers exposed to PAHs (106 in the graphite electrode producing plant and 16 in the coke works). METHODS--Personal air sampling during at least six hours per workshift using a glass fibre filter and a Chromosorb 102 solid sorbent tube and analysis of PAHs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrofluorometric detection (SFD). Collection of spot urine samples before and after the shift and analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene by HPLC and SFD. RESULTS--The workers most exposed to PAHs were those occupied at the topside area of the coke oven plant and those working in the blending and impregnation areas of the graphite electrode producing plant (mean airborne concentration of total PAHs: 199 and 223 micrograms/m3 respectively). Except for naphthalene and perylene, the relative proportion of the different PAHs did not differ between the plants. Pyrene concentration in air was highly correlated with the total airborne PAH concentration (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001) and the correlation coefficients between hydroxypyrene concentration in postshift urine samples and pyrene or total PAHs in air were 0.67 (p < 0.0001) and 0.72 (p < 0.0001) respectively. Excretion of hydroxypyrene doubled when the exposure to pyrene in air increased 10-fold. The half life for the urinary excretion of hydroxypyrene was around 18 hours (95% confidence interval 16.1-19.8). Smoking habits only explained 2.3% of the variance in hydroxypyrene excretion compared with 45% for the pyrene concentration in air. CONCLUSION--The determination of the urinary excretion of hydroxypyrene in postshift urine samples can be used as a suitable biomarker to assess individual exposure to PAHs in coke ovens and in graphite electrode manufacturing plants.     

Evaluation of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coke production and a graphite electrode manufacturing plant: assessment of urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene as a biological indicator of exposure.

OBJECTIVES--Characterisation of the airborne concentration of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at various workplaces in a graphite electrode and a coke production plant. Validation of the urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene (hydroxypyrene) as a biological marker of exposure to PAH. DESIGN--Cross sectional study of workers exposed to PAHs (106 in the graphite electrode producing plant and 16 in the coke works). METHODS--Personal air sampling during at least six hours per workshift using a glass fibre filter and a Chromosorb 102 solid sorbent tube and analysis of PAHs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrofluorometric detection (SFD). Collection of spot urine samples before and after the shift and analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene by HPLC and SFD. RESULTS--The workers most exposed to PAHs were those occupied at the topside area of the coke oven plant and those working in the blending and impregnation areas of the graphite electrode producing plant (mean airborne concentration of total PAHs: 199 and 223 micrograms/m3 respectively). Except for naphthalene and perylene, the relative proportion of the different PAHs did not differ between the plants. Pyrene concentration in air was highly correlated with the total airborne PAH concentration (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001) and the correlation coefficients between hydroxypyrene concentration in postshift urine samples and pyrene or total PAHs in air were 0.67 (p < 0.0001) and 0.72 (p < 0.0001) respectively. Excretion of hydroxypyrene doubled when the exposure to pyrene in air increased 10-fold. The half life for the urinary excretion of hydroxypyrene was around 18 hours (95% confidence interval 16.1-19.8). Smoking habits only explained 2.3% of the variance in hydroxypyrene excretion compared with 45% for the pyrene concentration in air. CONCLUSION--The determination of the urinary excretion of hydroxypyrene in postshift urine samples can be used as a suitable biomarker to assess individual exposure to PAHs in coke ovens and in graphite electrode manufacturing plants.