超声引导下穿刺置管引流术治疗脊柱术后术区血肿研究

目的探讨超声引导下穿刺置管引流术治疗脊柱术后术区血肿的临床疗效。方法选取2012—2017年间沈阳军区总医院收治的105例脊柱术后术区血肿患者为研究对象,根据不同的治疗方法分为穿刺置管引流组(n=36)、保守治疗组(n=34)及切开引流组(n=35),经治疗后,比较3组患者有效率、症状持续时间及术后住院天数。结果术后第1天,穿刺置管引流组患者的有效率高于保守治疗组,但低于切形引流组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);切开引流组患者的有效率高于保守治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后第5天,穿刺置管引流组患者的有效率高于保守治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);穿刺置管引流组与切开引流组患者的有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者治疗后均未发生严重不良反应。穿刺置管引流组患者的症状持续时间及术后住院天数显著低于保守治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);比较穿刺置管引流组与切开引流组患者的症状持续时间及术后住院天数,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论超声引导下穿刺置管引流术的疗效明显优于保守治疗,与切开引流术疗效相当,但极大地避免了患者行外科手术的痛苦,具有创伤小、安全、简便、经济、有效等优点,患者易于接受。     

经皮肾镜穿刺引流套件联合输尿管镜置管引流治疗肾周积液12例

目的探讨经皮肾镜穿刺套件联合输尿管镜置管引流治疗肾周积液的应用优势。方法自2010年6月至2014年6月我科在超声定位下采用经皮肾镜穿刺套件联合输尿管镜对12例肾周积液患者行穿刺引流术。结果本组12例患者均穿刺成功,术后3 d复查超声,11例积液消退明显,随访5~10个月无复发。1例特发性肾周积液穿刺术后复发,行腹腔镜肾被膜切除术。结论经皮肾镜穿刺套件联合输尿管镜置管引流治疗肾周积液,可克服传统手术创伤大、恢复慢,一般穿刺置管时管腔小、易堵塞,单纯应用经皮肾镜穿刺套件引流冲洗时,置管位置欠满意的缺点,又可直视下给予冲洗、分隔粘连、引流,且置管位置满意。     

移植肾积水的微创治疗(附24例报告)

目的探讨肾移植后肾积水的微创治疗方法及疗效。方法 24例肾移植术后肾积水患者,根据病情采取不同的微创治疗。16例患者在输尿管软镜下行双J管植入,6例患者在B超和X线透视导向下采用同轴穿刺法行肾造瘘+介入治疗,2例患者采取超声引导下经皮肾同轴穿刺引流术,待一般状况恢复后行输尿管膀胱吻合术。术后观察尿液颜色、尿量,并复查肾功能。结果 24例患者行B超及泌尿系水成像(MRU)检查均显示不同程度肾积水和输尿管梗阻,其中输尿管完全梗阻2例,不完全梗阻22例。行经皮穿刺肾输尿管狭窄段球囊扩张联合内外引流术6例,输尿管软镜下支架管置入术16例,经皮肾造瘘外引流术2例。患者血清尿素氮和肌酐水平术前分别为35.3mmol/L和397.7μmol/L,术后1周分别下降至9.7mmol/L和124.6μmol/L。术后B超检查示移植肾积水消失。随访4~12个月,2例外引流患者一般状况好转后行开放手术,其余患者均无肾积水复发。结论微创治疗尤其是输尿管软镜治疗具有操作简便、创伤小和并发症少的特点,是移植肾积水安全、有效的治疗方法。     

超声监测移植肾早期肾周积液及吻合口狭窄的价值

目的:评价移植肾早期肾周积液及动脉吻合口狭窄的超声监测价值。材料和方法:对81 例肾移植术后患者进行超声动态观察。结果:移植肾肾周积液27 例,移植肾动脉吻合口狭窄14 例。观察了不同原因的肾周积液超声表现。14 例吻合口狭窄在术后1 月血流流速有不同程度下降,其中4 例降至正常范围。结论:术后早期诊断吻合口狭窄可有假阳性。     

CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流术的应用

目的观察CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流治疗肝脓肿的疗效和临床应用价值。方法对临床诊断明确并经实验室及影像学检查证实的36例患者在CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺引流,术中置管,术后定时冲洗并积极进行有效的抗生素治疗。结果 36例肝脓肿患者经皮穿刺置管引流术治疗后,临床症状消失,无并发症发生,经B型超声或CT复查脓肿消失,全部治愈出院。结论 CT引导下经皮肝脓肿穿刺置管引流术具有操作简便、手术创伤小、住院费用低、疗效肯定等优点,是临床治疗肝脓肿的有效方法之一。     

超声引导下PTCD在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的临床价值分析

目的探讨超声引导下经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术(percutaneets transcholangic drainege,PTCD)在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的应用价值。方法对收治的46例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者采用超声引导下经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术治疗,总结分析可行性和成功率。结果 46例患者中有43例患者一次穿刺成功,一次穿刺成功率为93.48%。置管引流后,术后每日胆汁引流量300~1 000ml,平均每日引流胆汁(724.71±274.62)ml,患者黄疸逐渐减退;出院时患者的血清总胆红素较术前明显下降;超声复查肝内胆管由重度扩张降为中度甚至轻度扩张,肝内胆管超声测值较术前明显下降,差异具有统计学意义。术后黄疸不同程度下降,自觉症状好转,无并发症,肝功能有不同程度改善。结论超声引导下经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸具有简便创伤小、疗效确切及安全性高等优点。     

CT引导下穿刺引流技术治疗妇科恶性肿瘤术后症状性淋巴囊肿的临床应用

【摘要】 目的 探讨CT引导下穿刺置管引流技术在妇科恶性肿瘤淋巴结清扫术后形成有症状淋巴囊肿患者治疗中的作用。方法 对2017年12月至2018年11月31例因妇科恶性肿瘤手术治疗并行淋巴结清扫术后形成有症状淋巴囊肿的患者进行CT引导下穿刺置管引流治疗。结果 共处理31例患者46个囊肿。近期有效率100%。并发症包括引流管周围液体渗漏3例、引流管脱落1例;未发生感染。对26例患者进行了3个月以上的随访,治愈20例,好转5例,无效1例。结论 CT引导下穿刺置管引流技术治疗妇科恶性肿瘤淋巴结清扫后形成的有症状淋巴囊肿安全有效,成功率高。     

超声造影联合超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术治疗肝脓肿的应用价值

目的探讨超声造影联合超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术治疗肝脓肿的临床效果。方法选择本院2015年1月～2019年4月收治的39例肝脓肿患者,随机分为实验组20例和对照组19例。实验组穿刺前行超声造影检查,对穿刺点及引流管放置区进行精准定位。对照组在常规超声引导下行经皮穿刺置管引流。比较两组患者治愈率、体温恢复时间、白细胞计数恢复时间、引流管拔除时间、住院时间、术中及术后并发症等,进行对比分析。结果 39例患者均行超声引导下穿刺置管引流治疗,所有患者均一次性穿刺成功,术中无出血、周围脏器损伤、肝破裂以及胆漏等并发症。实验组患者体温及白细胞复常时间、引流管拔除时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组,两者差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治愈率及术后并发症比较无统计学意义。结论超声造影能准确评估病灶液化坏死区域,在精准引导、定位超声引导下肝脓肿穿刺置管引流中有着绝对优势,值得临床推广应用。     

超声引导下心包穿刺置管引流术的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下心包穿刺置管引流术的应用价值。方法回顾性收集118例经超声引导下心包穿刺置管引流的心包积液患者的临床资料。记录并对比患者置管引流手术前后的心率、血压及血氧饱和度。结果术后临床症状均明显缓解,患者的心率由(91.6±12.5)次/min降至(84.5±8.6)次/min(P0.05),收缩压由(104.2±16.3)mm Hg升至(107.6±13.5)mm Hg(P0.05)。结论超声引导下心包穿刺置管引流术具有实时显示、精准定位、安全有效等特点,值得临床应用。     

移植肾动脉狭窄血管成形术中急性血栓形成并发症的处理一例

患者 男,13岁。以“肾移植术后2个月余,血肌酐升高1周”入院。行肾彩超示：移植肾动脉主干中段流率升高,最大〉300cm／s;磁共振血管成像（MRA）：移植肾下部萎缩,动脉近端显示不清。临床考虑移植肾动脉狭窄,遂在DSA下行经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）。首先用Cobra导管行移植肾动脉造影显示移植肾动脉主干中段有一狭窄,DSA分析软件测量狭窄段长约0．9cm,狭窄率约80％（图1）,     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.