慢性心力衰竭患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1含量变化及其临床意义

目的　研究慢性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (t PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 1(PAI 1)含量的变化及其临床意义。方法　用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)检测 6 0例CHF患者 (CHF组 )和 2 0例健康体检者 (正常对照组 )血浆t PA及PAI 1抗原含量。结果　CHF组血浆t PA和PAI 1平均含量都明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。CHF患者血浆PAI 1含量增高随心功能恶化而愈加明显。结论　CHF患者纤溶功能明显下降 ,可用血浆t PA、PAI 1含量作为判断病情的参考指标之一。     

老年高血压病患者血浆中VWF,t-PA及PAI变化的意义

目的观察老年高血压病患者的血管内皮细胞损伤及纤溶活性的变化.方法选择30例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期老年高血压病患者和30例老年正常对照者,测定其血浆V0n Willebrand因子(VWF)含量及组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI)的活性.结果老年高血压病患者血浆VWF含量及PAI活性明显高于老年正常对照组(P＜0.001),而t-PA活性明显低于老年对照组(P＜0.001).结论提示Ⅰ、Ⅱ期老年高血压病患者存在明显的内皮细胞损伤和纤溶活性下降,有血栓形成倾向.     

氯沙坦对高血压患者AⅡ及纤溶活性的影响

近年研究表明，纤溶系统异常及肾素—血管紧张素系统（RAS）激活在高血压病（EH）的病理过程中起着重要作用。本文观察58例EH患者氯沙坦治疗前后组织型纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）及其抑制物（PAl—1）及血管紧张素Ⅱ（AⅡ）和醛固酮（ALD）水平变化，并与正常对照组进行比较，旨在探讨氯沙坦对EH患者纤溶活性及AⅡ、ALD的影响。     

慢性肾小球肾炎患者血浆纤溶酶原激活及抑制系统的变化与干预研究

目的探讨慢性肾小球肾炎患者血浆纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物系统的变化和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂的干预影响。方法测定患者血浆组织型和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1、转化生长因子-β水平并进行血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗动态观察。结果治疗前血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物水平降低而尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1、转化生长因子-β明显高于对照组，治疗后血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂组纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1、转化生长因子-β水平降低，而血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物与其抑制物比值升高，常规组上述指标无改变。结论肾炎患者存在血浆纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物系统失衡，血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗在纠正凝血纤溶系统平衡和调节细胞外基质降解上有一定价值。     

纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1基因多态性及其血浆水平在急性肺动脉血栓栓塞中的作用

目的 探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)基因4G/5G多态性、PAI-1和组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tissue plasminogen activator,t-PA)血浆水平在急性肺动脉血栓栓塞(acute pulmonary thromboembolism,APTE)中的作用.方法 选择52例急性肺栓塞患者(分为2组:26例有环境诱因,26例无环境诱因)和57例正常对照者,聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法检测PAI-1基因型,酶联免疫吸附试验测定血浆PAI-1和t-PA水平.结果 (1)无环境诱因组4G/4G基因型显著高于有环境诱因组和正常对照组(P=0.034),而有环境诱因组与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义.(2)无明确环境诱因组t-PA明显降低,PAI-1明显升高与有环境诱因组、正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而有环境诱因组与正常对照组比较无显著差异.(3)在三组中,无论何种基因型,无环境诱因组的PAI-1血浆水平均最高.在4G/4G基因型和4G/5G基因型中,无环境诱因组与正常对照组、有环境诱因组的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).4G等位基因与PAI-1血浆水平具有相关性.结论 纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1基因多态性与急性肺栓塞有关,4G/4G基因型显著增加无肺栓塞环境诱因个体肺栓塞危险.急性肺栓塞无环境诱因患者存在明显的低纤溶状态.     

消化道肿瘤患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物系统的变化及其意义

目的观察消化道恶性肿瘤患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(u-PA)及其特异性受体(u-PAR)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)含量的变化及其与肿瘤转移和预后的关系.方法用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定43例消化道恶性肿瘤患者和21例正常人血浆中u-PA、u-PAR和PAI-1含量.结果食管癌、胃癌和结肠癌患者的血浆u-PA、u-PAR和PAI-1含量均显著升高(P<0.05～0.01);肿瘤组中,中、晚期组u-PA显著高于早期组(P＜0.05),已转移组u-PA、u-PAR和PAI-1较未转移组显著升高(P<0.05～0.01).结论消化道恶性肿瘤患者血浆中u-PA、u-PAR和PAI-1含量不同程度升高,并与肿瘤转移和预后相关.     

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1的研究进展

纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor 1,PAI-1)作为体内组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tissue-type plasminogen activator,t-PA)和尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(urokinase-type plasminogen activator,u-PA)的主要抑制剂,与动静脉血栓、出血和凝血异常、细胞迁移密切相关,进而引起缺血性脑卒中、冠心病、静脉血栓、肿瘤转移、出血、股骨头坏死、流产等一系列疾病的发生发展。同时,体内血浆PAI-1活性水平又受血脂、血糖等调节,进一步参与肥胖、糖尿病、高脂血症等疾病的进程,又影响着上述相关疾病的预后。     

慢性肾脏疾病患者血清和尿液纤溶活性物质的检测及其临床意义

慢性肾脏疾病局部内皮细胞损伤所致的凝血和纤维蛋白沉积可促进肾间质纤维化进展,最终引起肾脏功能障碍[1].组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)是内皮细胞释放的纤溶系统的关键物质,二者的动态平衡对调节纤溶系统起着决定性作用.为此,我们测定二者在慢性肾脏疾病患者血清、尿液中的浓度,以期探讨其反应肾脏内皮功能改变的机制及其临床意义.……     

老年急性脑梗死病人凝血系统变化的临床研究

目的　探讨血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (t-PA)及其抑制物 (PAI- 1)和血小板a颗粒膜蛋白 - 14 0 (CD6 2p)在老年人急性脑梗死发病中的临床价值。方法　对 5 6例急性脑梗死病人采用ELISA法检测t-PA和PAI- 1活性 ,计算t-PA/PAI- 1比值 ;流氏细胞仪测定CD6 2p ,并与对照组进行比较。结果　与对照组相比 ,急性脑梗死发病急性期 (<1周 )血浆t-PA水平和t-PA/PAI- 1比值明显下降 (P <0 0 1) ,血浆CD6 2p、PAI- 1明显增高 (P <0 0 1)。 3周后 ,急性脑梗死组血浆t-PA水平和t-PA/PAI- 1比值上升 ,与急性期相比P <0 0 5 ;血浆CD6 2p、PAI- 1下降 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　血小板活化、纤溶系统失衡参与了老年人脑梗死的发病发展过程 ,CD6 2p、PAI- 1和t-PA/PAI- 1比值作为老年人脑梗死进展的预警指标具有一定的临床参考价值。     

中药降糖通脉方对2型糖尿病大鼠凝血和纤溶功能影响的实验研究

目的 观察2型糖尿病大鼠凝血和纤溶活性及降糖通脉方的干预作用.方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组、胰激肽原酶组及降糖通脉方组,每组10只.经尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)并以高糖高脂饲料喂养诱导制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型.采用发色底物法检测大鼠血浆凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物(TAFI)水平;用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测定主动脉组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)及其抑制物纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)的mRNA表达.结果糖尿病模型组血浆TAFI水平和主动脉PAI-1 mRNA表达均较正常对照组明显增高,主动脉t-PA mRNA表达较正常对照组明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01).与糖尿病模型组比较,胰激肽原酶组和降糖通脉方组TAFI水平和PAI-1 mRNA表达均明显下降,t-PA mRNA表达明显增高,且降糖通脉方组作用明显(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 2型糖尿病大鼠存在血栓前状态且纤溶功能受抑制;降糖通脉方能明显改善纤溶功能及血栓前状态,其疗效优于胰激肽原酶.     

Plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor in malignant and non-malignant ascitic fluid

Ascitic fluid from tumour patients (hepatoma, gastric cancer, gallbladder cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer) and from non-malignant diseases (liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure) were compared with respect to their content of determinants of the fibrinolytic system, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (t-PAag) and activity (t-PAact), urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen (u-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (PAI). Furthermore, SDS-polyacrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to evaluate molecular weight distribution of the detectable fibrinolytic parameters. In malignant ascites, PAI activity was three to four times higher, and increased complex formation of PAI with t-PA could be demonstrated, compared with non-malignant ascitic fluid. Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and activity showed a similar concentration in ascites of both study groups. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen was detectable neither in ascites of malignant nor in ascites of non-malignant origin. It is concluded that t-PA is the physiological plasminogen activator in ascites and that increased PAI levels followed by increased complex formation between t-PA and PAI might reflect a reaction of the peritoneum.     

Regulation of local availability of active tissue-type plasminogen activator in vivo in man.

Free, biologically active tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is the main initiator of intravascular fibrinolysis, but little is known about the regulation of active tPA on the organ level. The aim was to investigate if the local availability of active tPA on the organ level depends on the local release rate of tPA or the arterial input of tPA and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). Also, we wanted to evaluate if plasma levels predict capacity for endothelial release of fibrinolytic proteins. Invasive perfused-forearm studies were performed in 96 healthy subjects. Local release rates of fibrinolytic proteins were assessed at baseline and during endothelial stimulation. Stimulation by methacholine and desmopressin induced a 6- and 12-fold increase in total tPA release rates, respectively. With increasing local release rates of tPA a gradually closer correlation emerged between the total tPA secretion and the forearm output of active tPA (from r = 0.102, ns to r = 0.85, P < 0.0001). Forearm availability of active tPA was not related to arterial input of either tPA or PAI-1. Release rates and plasma levels of tPA were not correlated. Baseline release rates of active tPA increased to noon. The major determinant for the local availability of active tPA is the capacity of the endothelium to release tPA rather than the arterial input of PAI-1 or tPA. Despite a molar excess of PAI-1, the majority of tPA released during stimulation does not undergo local inactivation. The capacity to release tPA locally cannot be predicted from its plasma concentration.     

去卵巢大白鼠血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物与其抑制物的变化

测定了去卵巢大白鼠血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)与纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI)水平。与对照组比较去卵巢组血浆t-PA无显著性差异(P>0.05)。对照组PAI为9.7±1.2AU/ml,去卵巢组PAI为7.8±1.9AU/ml,两组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。去卵巢组血浆中PAI降低,可能与卵巢激素的减少有关。卵巢激素会促使PAI合成并释放增加,这可能是服用雌激素等避孕药者纤溶活性降低、血液呈高凝状态的重要机制之一。     

高血压病患者血浆PAI-1、t-PA及t-PA/PAI-1水平的变化

目的通过对原发性高血压患者血浆纤溶酶原活化物抑制剂1(PAI-1)、组织型纤溶酶原活化物(t-PA)含量及t-PA/PAI-1比值的测定,了解高血压患者纤溶功能的情况。方法未用药物干预过的轻至中度原发性高血压患者(高血压组)64例,正常对照组42例,采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测定两组血浆PAI-1、t-PA含量并计算t-PA/PAI-1。结果正常组PAI-1含量明显低于高血压组,(13.5±5.0)μg/L vs(53.0±22.6)μg/L(P<0.01);正常组t-PA/PAI-1明显高于高血压组,(0.83±0.52)μg/L vs(0.25±0.13)μg/L(P<0.01)。结论高血压患者的纤溶功能减退。     

The regulation by fibrinogen and fibrin of tissue plasminogen activator kinetics and inhibition by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1

BACKGROUND: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is unusual in the coagulation and fibrinolysis cascades in that it is produced as an active single-chain enzyme (sctPA) rather than a zymogen. Two chain tPA (tctPA) is produced by plasmin but there are conflicting reports in the literature on the behaviour of sc- and tctPA and little work on inhibition by the specific inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) under physiological conditions. OBJECTIVES: To perform a systematic study on the kinetics of sctPA and tctPA as plasminogen activators and targets for PAI-1. METHODS: Detailed kinetic studies were performed in solution and in the presence of template stimulators, fibrinogen and fibrin, including native fibrin and partially digested fibrin. Numerical simulation techniques were utilized to cope with the challenges of investigating kinetics of activation and inhibition in the presence of fibrin(ogen). RESULTS: Enzyme efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) was higher for tctPA than sctPA in solution with chromogenic substrate (3-fold) and plasminogen (7-fold) but in the presence of templates, such as fibrinogen and native or cleaved fibrin, the difference disappeared. sctPA was more susceptible to PAI-1 in buffer solution and in the presence of fibrinogen; however, in the presence of fibrin, PAI-1 inhibited more slowly and there was no difference between sc and tctPA. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrinogen and fibrin modulate the activity of tPA differently in regard to their activation of plasminogen and inhibition by PAI-1. Fibrinogen and fibrin stimulate tPA activity against plasminogen but fibrin protects tPA from PAI-1 to promote fibrinolysis.     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物在子宫内膜异位症中的作用

目的探讨尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（urokinaseplasminogenactivator,uPA）在子宫内膜异位症发病机制中的作用。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测40例子宫内膜异位症患者异位内膜及在位内膜、30例正常子宫内膜组织（对照组）中uPA蛋白表达水平。结果uPA蛋白主要定位于细胞质,异位内膜、在位内膜、对照组腺上皮细胞及间质细胞均表达uPA蛋白,且在血管内皮细胞呈阳性表达;异位内膜间质细胞uPA阳性表达率为85．0％,高于异位内膜腺上皮细胞（60．0％）（P〈0．05）,在位内膜间质细胞（57．5％）（P〈0．05）及正常内膜间质细胞（40．0％）（P〈0．05）;uPA蛋白在异位内膜I～Ⅱ期与Ⅲ～Ⅳ期的表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论uPA在异位内膜间质细胞的高表达促使其转移、黏附、侵袭、生长,导致子宫内膜异位症的发生、发展。     

uPA、uPAR、PAI-1血浆含量与卵巢恶性肿瘤的相关性研究

目的：探讨尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）及其受体（uPAR）和抑制剂（PAI-1）血浆含量与卵巢恶性肿瘤之间的关系。方法：收集52例卵巢恶性肿瘤患者血液标本,以30例健康人作对照,用ELISA法分别检测uPA、uPAR和PAI-1的含量。结果：uPA、uPAR在卵巢恶性肿瘤各期之间均有极显著性差异（P〈0．01）,PAI-1在卵巢恶性肿瘤FIGO Ⅰ～Ⅲ期的含量逐渐升高,但在FIG0Ⅳ期时显著下降（P〈0．05）。患者组uPA、uPAR、PAI-1均较对照组升高,差异极显著（P〈0．01）。结论uPA、uPAR在卵巢恶性肿瘤患者可作为预后的判断指标,PAI-1与卵巢恶性肿瘤的分期有一定的相关性。