沈阳地区成人血清和脐带血中全氟有机物污染现状

目的　了解沈阳地区一般人群血清和脐带血中全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS)和全氟辛酸 (Perfluorooctanoicacid,PFOA)污染现状。方法　采用液相色谱 质谱仪联机选择性监测离子法 (PFOS :m z =4 99,PFOA :m z =4 1 3) ,测定脐带血和被调查者血清中PFOS和PFOA浓度。结果　男女血清中PFOS和PFOA浓度几何均数分别为 4 0 73μg L和 4 5 4 6 μg L、1 1 5 3μg L和 8 97μg L- 1 。脐带血中PFOS和PFOA浓度几何均数分别为2 2 1 4 μg L和 0 2 6 4 μg L。成人血清和脐带血中PFOS和PFOA浓度与年龄无关相关性 (p <0 0 5 )。 结论　一般人群体内也存在PFOS污染物 ,而且血清PFOS浓度高于美国人和日本人水平。人类脐带血中也存在PFOS和PFOA污染     

沈阳和重庆人群血清中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的污染水平比较研究

目的阐明沈阳和重庆两地一般人群血清中全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)污染水平,比较两地人群血清中PFOS和PFOA分布特征。方法采集沈阳和重庆地区无职业性PFOS和PFOA暴露人群血清,采用高压液相色谱-质谱仪联机系统测定血清中PFOS和PFOA含量。结果沈阳地区一般人群血清中PFOS和PFOA浓度中位数分别为22·40μg/L和4·32μg/L,重庆地区分别为7·40μg/L和1·00μg/L。沈阳地区人群血清中PFOS、PFOA浓度明显高于重庆地区(P<0·01)。两地区女性人群血清中PFOS和PFOA浓度均高于男性水平,沈阳地区人群血清中PFOS浓度男、女性别间差异显著(P<0·05)。重庆地区女性人群血清中PFOS、PFOA浓度与年龄呈正相关关系(rPFOS=0·298,rPFOA=0·271),50岁以上女性人群的相关程度大于13岁以下和13~50岁年龄组。结论沈阳和重庆两地人群血清中PFOS和PFOA污染水平具有显著的地区性差异和分布特征,血清中PFOS和PFOA水平与年龄存在相关性。     

人血清中全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物污染现状

目的 了解我国一般人群体内的全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)负荷水平。方法 采用液相色谱／质谱仪联机选择性监测离子法(m／z=499)，测定被调查血清中PFOS浓度。结果 男女血清中PFOS浓度几何均数分别为40．73和45．46μg／L，血清PFOS浓度与年龄无关。结论 我国一般人群体内也存在PFOS污染物，而且血清PFOS浓度高于美国人和日本人水平。     

《生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749-2022)》中全氟辛酸与全氟辛烷磺酸标准限值的制定研究

全氟化合物尤其是全氟辛酸(PFOA)与全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)在我国水环境中广泛检出。考虑到饮用水暴露途径的潜在健康风险, 我国新颁布的《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2022)中的水质参考指标增加了PFOA和PFOS指标, 限值分别为40和80 ng/L。本研究对确定该卫生标准限值的相关技术内容进行了分析和讨论, 包括PFOA与PFOS的环境存在水平和暴露状况、健康效应、安全基准值的推导和卫生标准限值的确定等, 并提出了未来饮用水标准制定方向的展望。     

全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的人群暴露水平和毒性研究进展

以全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA)为代表的全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)广泛应用于工业生产和生活消费等各个领域。但随之而来的环境污染、人群暴露和健康危害也备受关注。目前关于全氟化合物的人群暴露以及健康效应研究已成为研究热点,该文综述了全氟化合物人群暴露状况研究以及毒性效应研究,分析了全氟化合物在血液、母乳等人体基质中的暴露水平及其对肝脏、免疫系统、内分泌系统、生殖系统和婴幼儿发育的毒性效应,并提出全氟化合物对婴幼儿及儿童的生长、发育可能存在重要影响,应将婴幼儿及儿童的PFCs暴露与健康的关系作为未来的研究重点。     

武汉市一般人群血清中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸分布特征

目的 对武汉市一般人群体内全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoate,PFOA)负荷状况及分布特征进行研究,为武汉市制定控制PFOS和PFOA污染的法规政策提供科学依据。 方法 2014－2015年间采用分层随机抽样方法收集在武汉市居住5年以上的、无职业性暴露的成人及儿童的血液样本,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法,测定血清中PFOS和PFOA含量。采用SPSS 22.0软件分析检测数据。 结果 武汉市人群血清中PFOS检出率为75.4%(儿童组)、83.3%(成人组),PFOA的检出率为80.5%(儿童组)、82.9%(成人组)。城市、农村地区儿童组、成人组男性和女性血清中PFOS和PFOA含量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。城市地区女性血清中PFOS含量成人组( M=2.40 ng/ml,P₂₅=1.58 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.95 ng/ml)高于儿童组( M=2.00 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.23 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.20 ng/ml)(Z=-2.565,P=0.010),男性血清中PFOA含量成人组(M=1.80 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.25 ng/ml,P₇₅=5.82 ng/ml)低于儿童组(M=3.60 ng/ml,P₂₅=1.13 ng/ml,P₇₅=10.00 ng/ml)(Z=-2.158,P=0.031)。农村地区男性血清中PFOA含量成人组(M=1.29 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.05 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.60 ng/ml)低于儿童组(M=4.07 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.24 ng/ml,P₇₅=8.34 ng/ml)(Z=-2.820,P=0.005)。成人组女性血清中PFOS含量城市地区(M=2.40 ng/ml,P₂₅=1.58 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.95 ng/ml)高于农村地区(M=0.48 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.05 ng/ml,P₇₅=5.02 ng/ml)(Z=-4.316,P＜0.001),PFOA含量城市地区(M=3.30 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.85 ng/ml,P₇₅=6.85 ng/ml)高于农村地区(M=0.88 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.24 ng/ml,P₇₅=4.05 ng/ml)(Z=-3.639,P＜0.001)。武汉市人群血清中PFOS和PFOA含量之间存在正相关关系(P＜0.05)。 结论 地区、年龄、生理状态等因素的作用都可能造成人群体内PFOS和PFOA负荷的差异。 饮食摄入可能是武汉地区人群暴露于PFOS和PFOA共同途径。     

全氟化合物对儿童肺功能影响的病例对照研究

探讨全氟化合物对哮喘儿童和一般儿童肺功能影响的性别差异,为采取有效措施保护儿童心肺功能提供参考.方法 从台湾大学医院就诊的哮喘儿童选取132名,从台北地区7所公立中学随机选取168名一般健康儿童.采用Logistic回归和多重线性回归的方法分析血清全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctanesulfonate,PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluo-rooctanoic acid,PFOA)水平对儿童肺功能的影响.结果 儿童哮喘的患病风险随着全氟化合物(perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFAAS)浓度的增加而呈现增高趋势,PFOS与PFOA暴露对儿童哮喘患病风险的优势比分别为1.32(95%CI=1.02~ 1.71)和2.80(95%CI=1.87~4.20).PFOS和PFOA暴露水平与哮喘男童的肺功能水平(FVC,FEV1和FEF25%-75%)呈负相关,男孩血清中PFOS和PFOA水平每增加1μg/L时,FEV1分别下降-0.062(95% CI=-0.106~-0.018)和-0.099(95%CI=-0.197-0.001)L.结论 PFAAs的暴露可以降低儿童肺功能水平,并且男童相较于女童更易感.     

全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸经大鼠离体皮肤吸收实验

[目的]探讨全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是否能体外经皮吸收及其吸收特征。[方法]采用Franz扩散装置,以10μmol／L的PFOA和PFOS的混合溶液（1：1）作为供体液,用HPLC．MS测定两种化合物的单位面积SD大鼠离体皮肤的累积渗透量,分别计算其稳态渗透速率、渗透滞后时间和渗透系数。[结果]各透过时间点受体液中均可检测到PFOA和PFOS;PFOA和PFOS的12h累积渗透量分别为（4．97±1．80）、（1．76±1．06）μg/cm2,稳态渗透速率分别为（0．48±0．19）、（0．16±0．06）μg／cm2·h,渗透滞后时间分别为（0．31±0．18）、（0．50±0．06）h,渗透系数分别为（11．48±4．51）×10^-2、（3．17±1．22）×10^-2cm／h。[结论]PFOA和PFOS均能够经皮吸收,前者稳态渗透快于后者,渗透系数大于后者,渗透滞后时间明显小于后者。该研究确定了PFOA和PFOS的体外经皮吸收特征,为暴露量评定和危险性评价提供了有意义的基础研究数据。     

固相萃取富集净化-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定饮用水中全氟化合物

目的建立固相萃取浓缩与高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定饮用水中全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟癸酸(PFDA)等全氟化合物的方法。方法样品经C18固相萃取浓缩净化,应用负离子电喷雾电离,检测方式为多级反应离子监测(MRM)模式,高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)进行测定。结果PFOA、PFOS、PFDA在50~1000pg/ml线性范围内,线性相关系数均>0.99。在8、20.0pg/g添加水平的回收率为65%~111%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~14.6%(n=6),定量检出限为8pg/g。结论该法适用于饮用水中PFOA、PFOS、PFDA等全氟化合物的测定,具有快速、定量准确、检测灵敏等优点。     

高效液相色谱—质谱法测定皮革及皮革处理剂中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度

建立液-液萃取、超声协同液液萃取和超声协同液液萃取合并固相萃取的方法对皮革处理剂液体、固体和皮革样品中全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)进行提取,并用高效液相色谱/质谱联用仪选择性监测离子法(PFOA:m/z=413;PFOS:m/z=499)进行样品测定.两种物质检测方法的检测限均为1 ng/ml,线性范...     

反义核酸(antisense nucleic acid)

与细胞内DNA或RNA序列相互补形成杂交体而阻断或减弱其转录和翻译过程的DNA片段或RNA片段叫反义核酸。在许多原核细胞中发现存在天然的反义RNA。反义核酸的上述性质 ,使其有可能作为药物治疗人类疾病。目前研究较多的反义核酸有反义寡核苷酸 (antisenseoligodeoxynucleotide ,ODN)、反义RNA和核酶 (ribozyme)。ODN能与双螺旋DNA结合形成三股螺旋或与局部解链的DNA单链结合而抑制DNA复制和转录。ODN可以Watson—Crick碱基配对方式与mRNA靶序列结合而阻断mRNA的加工、成熟、核 浆转移和翻译。采用基因重组技术 ,在合适的启…     

Quantitation of N-acetylneuraminic (sialic) acid in bovine glycomacropeptide (GMP)

Bovine glycomacropeptide (GMP) is the hydrophilic C-terminal peptide produced from κ-casein during cheese-making. N-Acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) is one of the sugars associated with bovine GMP and the reported biological and functional properties of this dairy peptide. A sensitive RP-HPLC method has been developed to quantify NeuNAc in GMP using the fluorophore 1,2-diamine-4,5-dimethoxyl benzene dihydrochloride (DDB). The NeuNAc liberation conditions, DDB derivatisation conditions, labelling mixture and internal standard (α-keto glutaric acid) were optimised and the amount of NeuNAc in three different GMP samples determined. The optimal conditions required to liberate NeuNAc from bovine GMP were 25 mM sulphuric acid at 80 °C for 120 min. The optimal DDB derivatisation conditions were 60 °C for 150 min. Masses of the DDB derivatised NeuNAc (442 m/z) and α-KG (278 m/z) peaks were confirmed using LC–MS (ESI). The NeuNAc content of GMP samples ranged from 5.0% to 11.3% (w/w). Results were compared to the spectrophotometric thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. TBA results for the same samples ranged from 6.4% to 13.5% (w/w). The DDB method developed had a limit of detection (LOD) of 7 pg and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 20 pg. This sensitive method can be employed to accurately quantify the NeuNAc content of GMP.     

Fromino-glutamic acid (Figlu) excretion and abortion

The relationship between excretion of forminoglutamic acid (figlu) in the urine and spontaneous abortion in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy was investigated in 135 nonanemic women after spontaneous abortion and curettage. The 135 were subdivided into Group A, 95 cases with no known reason for spontaneous abortion, and Group B, 40 women in whom probable abortion cause was known; Group C was control. In Group A, figlu was detected in urine of 40 (42.1%). In Group B, where abortion causes ranged from diabetes, to toxoplasmosis, to cervical incompetence, figlu was positive in only 2 (5%) cases. 3/35 controls (8.6%) were positive for figlu. The percentage of positive figlu findings in Group A was significantly higher when compared with Group B (P .001) and with Group C (P .001). In Group A, the positive figlu excretion was statistically unrelated to previous abortions (P .05), previous pregnancies (P .05), or age groups (P .05). Further, when the 40 Group B cases and the 35 Group C cases were compared with the above, there was no change in the results. If increased figlu excretion can be considered an index of folic acid deficiency, then it is possible that this deficiency may be an etiological factor in cases of spontaneous abortion.     

The (n-3) fatty acid dose, independent of the (n-6) to (n-3) fatty acid ratio, affects the plasma fatty acid profile of normal dogs

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the dose of (n-3) fatty acids (FA) administered, independent of the relative ratio of (n-6) to (n-3) FA in the food, influences plasma FA composition in dogs. Healthy female, geriatric beagles (7-10 y old) were fed foods containing (n-6) to (n-3) FA ratios of either 40.0:1 or 1.4:1 for 12 wk (study 1) or 36 wk (study 2). In study 3, beagles were fed food with the same 1:1 ratio of (n-6) to (n-3) FA, but with increasing concentrations of (n-6) and (n-3) FA. Plasma FA concentrations were measured after completing the feeding studies. In studies 1 and 2, dogs fed fish oil-enriched food with a high (n-3) FA concentration had higher plasma total (n-3) FA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations and lower plasma total (n-6) FA, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid concentrations than dogs fed corn oil-enriched food with a low (n-3) FA concentration (P < 0.001). Both inclusion of fish oil (P < 0.001) and increased food intake independent of treatment effects increased the plasma DHA (P = 0.05) concentration. Furthermore, constancy of the dose of (n-3) FA administered over long periods of time was necessary to maintain plasma levels of total (n-3) FA, EPA, and DHA. In study 3, up to certain dietary concentrations (6.3 g total (n-3) FA/kg food for DHA and 9.8 g total (n-3) FA/kg food for EPA), the dose of (n-3) FA administered, independent of the (n-6) to (n-3) FA ratio, determined the plasma (n-3) FA composition. Results from our studies indicate that approximately 175 mg DHA/(kg body weight . d) is required to attain maximum plasma levels of DHA.     

Nutrient-induced thermogenesis (NIT) following amino acid infusion

Nutrient-induced thermogenesis (NIT) induced by parenteral infusion of amino acid (AA) mixtures of different composition and of the same AA mixtures given via different routes (parenteral or intraportal infusion) were investigated in rats using a small animal indirect calorimeter. When 8 different AA solutions of differing composition but with the same total concentration were infused parenterally, both standard NIT (each AA is assumed to generate 3.28 kcal/g) and specific NIT (heat energy of each AA is calculated assuming that it is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, and metabolised to urea and sulphuric acid) values of the leucine (Leu)-rich and the glycine (Gly)-rich solutions were significantly greater than those of the control solution. Removal of Leu or Gly from the respective AA solutions reversed the increase of both NIT values down to control levels. When the parenteral and portal infusion routes were used in one rat, both NIT values for parenteral infusion of the Leu-rich solution were again significantly greater than those of the control. Likewise, both NIT values for intrportal infusion of the Leu-rich solution were also significantly greater than those of the control. However, no difference in NIT values was found between parenteral and portal infusion of either solution. The result of this study indicated that Leu and Gly may be thermogenic AAs, and the thermogenic effect of Leu is not dependent upon the route of infusion.