双侧大脑前动脉梗死区临床特点及发病机制探讨

目的探讨双侧大脑前动脉分布区梗死的临床特点和机制。方法回顾分析3例急性双侧ACA分布区脑梗死患者的临床特点和头MRI、MRA等资料。结果 3例患者均有脑血管病危险因素,包括高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、高HCY等。临床症状包括淡漠、欣快、不同程度肢体瘫痪和尿便障碍。存在严重的动脉硬化和(或)血管变异。结论情感障碍、肢体瘫痪和尿便障碍是主要临床表现,ACA解剖变异伴ICA/ACA局部狭窄或双侧ACA和MCA严重狭窄是双侧ACA分布区梗死发病的重要因素。     

大脑中动脉狭窄程度与不同急性脑梗死模式的相关性研究

目的探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄程度与不同急性脑梗死病变模式的关系。方法回顾性分析324例急性脑梗死患者,根据头颅磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)和磁共振血管成像(MRA),MCA狭窄程度分为轻、中、重度,患者梗死模式分为:单发性梗死(包括小的穿支动脉供血区梗死、大的穿支动脉供血区梗死、皮质分支动脉供血区梗死和大面积梗死)、分水岭梗死(CWI)和多发性梗死。比较不同模式的急性脑梗死患者的MCA病变情况。结果 324例急性脑梗死患者中,MCA狭窄致穿支动脉(PAI)梗死最为多见,占137例(42.28%);PAI患者MCA重度狭窄率与其他单发性梗死、多发性梗死和内分水岭梗死(IWI)患者相比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。内分水岭梗死、多发性梗死和大面积梗死的MCA重度狭窄率高于小穿支动脉梗死、大穿支动脉梗死、皮质穿支动脉梗死和外分水岭梗死(P0.05),而内分水岭梗死、多发性梗死和大面积梗死之间的MCA重度狭窄率相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MCA狭窄致PAI最为多见,但是MCA重度狭窄并非是PAI的重要原因;MCA重度狭窄易导致CWI(尤其是IWI)和多发性梗死;MCA重度狭窄也是导致LTI重要原因之一。     

双侧大脑前动脉闭塞一例

正患者男性,70岁,农民,主因突发性意识不清11h,于2016年6月25日入院。患者入院前11h于田间劳作时突然出现意识障碍,跌倒,无四肢抽搐、双眼上翻、大小便失禁等,呼之不应,急诊入当地医院,头部MRI显示双侧额顶叶梗死,予抗血小板聚集和营养神经等治疗(具体方案不详),临床症状无     

急性双侧对称性脑梗死的发病机制探讨

目的探讨急性双侧对称性脑梗死的发病机制。方法回顾性总结19例单纯位于幕上或幕下的急性双侧对称性脑梗死患者的临床及影像学资料,结合改良TOAST分型,探讨其可能的发病机制。结果急性双侧对称性脑梗死常见部位有胼胝体、分水岭区、丘脑、脑叶、脑干和小脑;其危险因素与一般脑梗死相同,部分患者可有血流动力学异常的诱因;发病机制包括血栓形成、心源性或动脉源性栓塞、低灌注、穿支动脉病以及多重发病机制的相互作用,分水岭区的双侧梗死常与低灌注有关,胼胝体、丘脑、脑干、小脑的双侧梗死应考虑到血管解剖变异存在的可能。结论急性双侧对称性梗死的发病机制复杂,相关发病危险因素或诱因、梗死灶分布以及血管检查可为探讨其发病机制提供参考依据。     

大脑中脑动脉供血区急性脑梗死病灶类型与进展性脑梗死的关系

目的 探讨大脑中动脉供血区急性脑梗死病灶类型及其与进展性脑梗死的关系.方法 回顾性分析140例大脑中动脉供血区急性脑梗死患者病历资料及脑MRI、DWI、MRA影像资料,其中进展组71例,非进展组69例.结果 2组脑梗死类型均可见流域性脑梗死、分水岭脑梗死、纹状体内囊梗死、腔隙性梗死,进展组以分水岭脑梗死(45.1%)、纹状体内囊梗死(46.5%)为主,非进展组以流域性脑梗死(44.9%)为主,2组脑梗死病灶类型比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.829,P<0.01).结论 大脑中动脉供血区急性分水岭脑梗死、纹状体内囊梗死易表现为进展性脑梗死.     

大脑中动脉供血区急性脑梗死患者MRI影像学表现与神经功能缺损的关系

目的探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)供血区急性脑梗死患者磁共振成像(MRI)的影像学表现与神经功能缺损程度的关系。方法选取2015-04-2016-05我院收治的MCA供血区急性脑梗死患者52例,在发病48h内行磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)及磁共振血管成像(MRA)检查,计算脑梗死区体积及动脉狭窄程度;对患者进行神经缺损程度NIHSS评分,并分析影像学表现与NHISS评分的相关性。结果脑梗死区体积与MCA狭窄程度呈正相关(r=0.596,P=0.005);脑梗死区体积与NIHSS评分呈正相关(r=0.347,P=0.045);MCA狭窄程度与NIHSS评分呈正相关(r=0.475,P=0.004)。结论 MCA供血区急性脑梗死患者DWI中异常区体积和MRA中血管狭窄程度均与神经功能缺损具有显著相关性,可作为预测病情严重程度的指标。     

主动脉弓源性栓子致双侧大脑前动脉区梗死1例

1 病例介绍患者,男,47岁,主因“头痛伴左侧肢体力弱2d”于2010年7月18日收住入院.患者于2010年7月16日出现两侧颞部疼痛,持续性,伴头晕,视物模糊,无黑朦,左侧肢体乏力,左上肢不能持物,行走跛行,无视物旋转,无复视,无恶心呕吐,无意识丧失.患者未及时就诊,次日患者左侧肢体力弱加重,不能行走,同时伴有言语不利,来我院急诊就诊,查颅脑磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)及磁共振弥散成像(Diffusion weighted imaging,DWI) (2010年7月18日)示:左侧额叶及右侧顶叶急性多发性脑梗死(图1),以“急性脑梗死”收入院.     

大脑前动脉A2段和前交通动脉夹角与前交通动脉动脉瘤发生率相关性的影像研究

目的 通过测量3D-DSA图像上大脑前动脉A2段与前交通动脉的夹角大小,探讨该角度与前交通动脉动脉瘤发生率的相关性.方法 对31例颈内动脉系统动脉瘤患者的3D-DSA影像资料进行回顾性分析,前交通动脉动脉瘤患者为观察组,其余患者为对照组,使用配套软件分别测量观察组和对照组的大脑前动脉A2段与前交通动脉(ACoA)的空间角度,利用SPSS11.5统计软件分析两组间的差异性.结果 31例患者中前交通动脉动脉瘤者15例,对照组16例.观察组A2-ACoA夹角平均为140.5°±19.76°,对照组平均夹角为114.7°±16.73°,统计分析两组间差异有统计学意义(t=3.928P ＜0.001).结论 大脑前动脉A2段与前交通动脉的空间夹角与前交通动脉动脉瘤的发生有相关性.夹角大者易于发生前交通动脉动脉瘤.     

双侧大脑脚梗死的临床表现、影像学特征及预后的研究

目的 分析双侧大脑脚梗死的临床表现、影像学特征及预后。 方法 回顾性分析北部战区总医院2013年7月-2016年12月收治的由DWI证实的双侧大脑脚梗死患者 的临床表现、影像学特征及预后。 结果 共纳入18例双侧大脑脚梗死患者,其中10例（55.6%）出现四肢瘫痪,11例（61.1%）出现意识 水平下降。患者病程中最重阶段NIHSS评分为12.5（4.0～20.5）分。16例（88.9%）患者病因分型为大动 脉粥样硬化型。除了双侧大脑脚外,脑桥（88.9%）、小脑（72.2%）也是常见的受累部位。16例（88.9%） 患者存在基底动脉重度狭窄或闭塞,其余2例（11.1%）患者存在椎动脉及大脑后动脉重度狭窄或闭塞。 出院3个月后对18例患者进行电话随访,其中有2例失访,13例患者预后不良（其中10例死亡）。 结论 双侧大脑脚梗死常合并脑桥和小脑梗死,主要病因为大动脉粥样硬化,主要发病机制可能 为低灌注,此类患者的预后不良。     

Bilateral anterior cerebral artery territory infarction in the differential diagnosis of basilar artery occlusion

Summary Two patients with bilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory infarction are presented whose initial diagnosis was basilar artery occlusion. Both had tetraparesis; in one it was asymmetrical. Both had their eyes open and did not respond to command except that after a delay they followed with their eyes a smoothly moving object; this was the only sign of awareness. One patient had a clear vertical gaze palsy in the upward and downward direction unaccompanied by pupillary abnormalities. Computed tomography revealed fresh bilateral ACA infarction in both patients; occlusion in the hind brain circulation was excluded by angiography in one. Both patients suffered from atrial fibrillation, so cardiac embolism was the most likely cause of the stroke. We conclude that bilateral ACA territory infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of basilar artery occlusion, even if accompanied by vertical gaze palsy.     

Recurrent cerebral infarction in anterior and posterior circulation territories associated with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery and carotid artery dissection: a case report

The persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is the second most common persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis. We present a rare case of an 82-year-old woman who diagnosed as acute cerebral infarction three times in both the anterior and posterior circulation territories with a right-sided PPHA and ipsilateral carotid artery dissection (CAD). Microembolus monitoring results suggested that microembolic caused by CAD associated with PPHA should be recognized as a possible cause of multiple infarctions in both the anterior and posterior circulation territories. For these patients, appropriate treatment measures should be taken for prevention of stroke recurrence.     

Bilateral medial frontal infarction in a case of azygous anterior cerebral artery stenosis

We describe the unusual case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of arterial hypertension who presented a sudden weakness of the lower limbs followed by mutism, akinesia and dyspraxia. Magnetic resonance images showed a bilateral medial frontal infarction. Digital subtraction angiography documented a right azygous anterior cerebral artery with severe stenosis in its sub-callosal tract; the left anterior cerebral artery showed mild hypoplasia with only sub-frontal and fronto-polar branches. No embolic source was documented. Afterwards the patient presented a gradual and partial recovery of both motor and cognitive functions.     

Lenticulostriate artery combined with neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease differentiate the pathogenesis of recent subcortical infarction

Recent subcortical infarction (RSI) in the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) territory with a non-stenotic middle cerebral artery is a heterogeneous entity. We aimed to investigate the role of LSA combined with neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in differentiating the pathogenic subtypes of RSI by whole-brain vessel-wall magnetic resonance imaging (WB-VWI). Fifty-two RSI patients without relevant middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis on magnetic resonance angiography were prospectively enrolled. RSI was dichotomized as branch atheromatous disease (BAD; a culprit plaque located adjacent to the LSA origin) (n = 34) and CSVD-related lacunar infarction (CSVD-related LI; without plaque or plaque located distal to the LSA origin) (n = 18). Logistic regression analysis showed lacunes (odds ratio [OR] 9.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71–54.72; P = 0.010) and smaller number of LSA branches (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36–0.96; P = 0.034) were associated with of BAD, whereas severe deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.71; P = 0.021) was associated with CSVD-related LI. In conclusion, the LSA branches combined with lacunes and severe DWMH may delineate subtypes of SSI. The WB-VWI technique could be a credible tool for delineating the heterogeneous entity of SSI in the LSA territory.     

Spectrum of anterior cerebral artery territory infarction: clinical and MRI findings

To evaluate and review the clinical spectrum of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory infarction, we studied 48 consecutive patients who admitted to our stroke unit over a 6-year period. We performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in all patients, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in 21. In our stroke registry, patients with ACA infarction represented 1.3% of 3705 patients with ischemic stroke. The main risk factors of ACA infarcts was hypertension in 58% of patients, diabetes mellitus in 29%, hypercholesterolemia in 25%, cigarette smoking in 19%, atrial fibrillation in 19%, and myocardial infarct in 6%. Presumed causes of ACA infarct were large-artery disease and cardioembolism in 13 patients each, small-artery disease (SAD) in the territory of Heubner's artery in two and atherosclerosis of large-arteries (<50% stenosis) in 16. On clinico-radiologic analysis there were three main clinical patterns depending on lesion side; left-side infarction (30 patients) consisting of mutism, transcortical motor aphasia, and hemiparesis with lower limb predominance; right side infarction (16 patients) accompanied by acute confusional state, motor hemineglect and hemiparesis; bilateral infarction (two patients) presented with akinetic mutism, severe sphincter dysfunction, and dependent functional outcome. Our findings suggest that clinical and etiologic spectrum of ACA infarction may present similar features as that of middle cerebral artery infarction, but frontal dysfunctions and callosal syndromes can help to make a clinical differential diagnosis. Moreover, at the early phase of stroke, DWI is useful imaging method to locate and delineate the boundary of lesion in the territory of ACA.     

Involuntary masturbation and hemiballismus after bilateral anterior cerebral artery infarction

Ischemia of the areas supplied by the anterior cerebral artery is relatively uncommon. In addition, combined hemiballismus and masturbation have rarely been reported in patients with cerebrovascular disease. We describe herein a 62-year-old right-handed man simultaneously exhibiting right side hemiballismus and involuntary masturbation with the left hand after bilateral infarction of the anterior cerebral artery territory. Right side hemiballismus was related to the disruption of afferent fibers from the left frontal lobe to the left subthalamic nucleus. Involuntary masturbation using the left hand was exclusively linked to a callosal type of alien hand syndrome secondary to infarction of the right side of the anterior corpus callosum. After 2 weeks, these abnormal behaviours were completely extinguished. This report stresses the wide diversity of clinical manifestations observed after infarction of the anterior cerebral artery territory.     

Percheron动脉梗死临床分析

Percheron动脉（AOP）是丘脑旁正中动脉的一种解剖变异形式,随着影像技术的发展,AOP受到越来越多的关注。现报道1例AOP闭塞所致双侧丘脑梗死的病例,其特点是双侧丘脑梗死呈进展性,但早期弥散加权成像未随卒中进展而出现相应弥散受限信号,多次复查后方出现与症状相符的影像学表现。通过本例患者并回顾相关文献资料,探讨AOP梗死可能的发病机制、临床表现和影像学特征,以期提高对此类疾病的诊治水平。     

急性前循环脑梗死患者血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2活性与颈内动脉狭窄的关系

目的 探讨血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)活性与急性前循环脑梗死患者颈内动脉狭窄的关系.方法 采用CTA检查133例急性前循环脑梗死患者的颈内动脉狭窄的程度,将其分为轻-中度狭窄组及重度狭窄组.收集133例患者及70名正常对照者(正常对照组)的临床资料,并采用速率法检测血浆Lp-PLA2活性.结果 重度狭窄组...     

小脑前下动脉梗死的临床及影像学特点

目的探讨小脑前下动脉（AICA）梗死的临床及影像学特点。方法回顾性分析32例患者的临床资料。结果AICA梗死绝大多数以眩晕、小脑性共济失调为首发表现，第Ⅷ对颅神经受累是其特征性表现。MRI上表现为桥脑外下侧或（和）小脑中脚区域的梗死。AICA梗死预后较好，但有可能进展为基底动脉梗死。结论AICA梗死的诊断主要依靠MRI，预后较好。