髋臼合并同侧股骨颈骨折的手术治疗与预后

目的 探讨髋臼合并同侧股骨颈骨折的手术方法与预后.方法 1990年10月至2008年1月共收治7例髋臼合并同侧股骨颈骨折患者,其中男5例,女2例;年龄22～55岁(平均38.6岁).髋臼骨折按Letournel分类:后壁骨折2例,后柱伴后壁骨折1例,横行伴后壁骨折2例,双柱骨折2例.股骨颈骨折按Garden分型:Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型5例.其中X线片和CT片示股骨颈骨折合并股骨头游离脱位于髋臼后上方者5例,仅显示股骨颈骨折而无脱位者2例.结果切开复位内固定术后X线片示5例移位髋臼骨折患者获解剖复位,2例获满意复位.股骨颈骨折均获满意复位和固定.7例患者术后获1～18年(平均8.6年)随访,X线片示5例合并股骨头脱位者日后均出现股骨头缺血性坏死,坏死率高达100%(5/5),髋关节功能恢复均为差,于内固定术后2～4年改行全髋关节置换术.而2例股骨头未脱位者至今X线片上仍未显示任何股骨头坏死迹象,也无创伤后关节炎表现,髋关节功能恢复均为优.结论 髋臼合并同侧股骨颈骨折患者,如同时合并股骨头脱位,因股骨头坏死率高,应首选全髋关节置换术治疗.如未合并股骨头脱位,可以考虑首选切开复位内固定.     

股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的手术方法和疗效.方法回顾性分析自1996年1月至2002年12月应用手术治疗资料完整的26例股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折患者,男22例,女4例;年龄17～50岁,平均28岁.受伤原因：交通伤17例,高处坠落伤9例.入院后即刻确诊股骨颈骨折16例;延迟诊断10例,延迟时间为3～75 d,平均13.1d.全部病例均采用切开复位内固定,其中股骨干骨折采用动力加压钢板内固定13例,顺行髓内钉固定2例,逆行髓内钉固定5例,该20例患者合并的股骨颈骨折采用空心钉固定;股骨干及股骨颈骨折同时应用重建髓内钉固定4例,动力髋螺钉（DHS）固定2例.结果术后随访3～9年,平均4.4年.25例股骨干骨折于术后16～32周骨折愈合,平均20周;1例在术后18个月骨折仍未愈合,经再次手术内固定并植骨后24周愈合.25例股骨颈骨折于术后12～28周骨折愈合,平均16周;1例股骨颈骨折10个月不愈合,行全髋关节置换.术后并发症包括伤口感染1例,内固定断裂1例,股骨头缺血性坏死1例,膝关节活动受限3例.结论股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折相对较少,漏诊率较高（38.5%）且治疗复杂.治疗应根据股骨干骨折的部位和股骨颈骨折的移位程度来确定内固定方式.     

复杂性髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折及多处骨折的治疗与对策

目的:探索复杂性髋臼骨折(complex acetabular fractures,CAF)合并同侧股骨颈骨折及多处骨折的治疗方法与对策。方法:2000年8月-2005年3月,收治复杂性髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈及多处骨折12例,男7例,女5例;年龄24～51岁,平均37.5岁,皆系高能量损伤。合并其他部位骨折23处,平均2.6处。采用改良髋臼入路,应用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统(ATMFS)、空心加压螺钉、Richard钉、交锁髓内钉、天鹅记忆接骨器(SMC)等固定骶髂关节分离、复杂性髋臼骨折、股骨颈、股骨干、胫骨干、肱骨、尺桡骨骨折。结果:术后随访6～31个月,平均13.5个月。12例复杂性髋臼骨折均获解剖复位并达骨性愈合;同侧股骨颈骨折也获解剖复位,10例达骨性愈合。术后3～7个月(平均4.6个月),髋关节功能达到健侧水平;1例出现股骨头缺血性坏死行关节置换;1例股骨头坏死合并异位骨化导致关节骨性融合。4例骶髂关节分离获解剖复位;其他23处骨折,均获骨愈合。根据髋关节功能评分标准:优3例,良6例,一般1例,差2例。结论:采用改良髋臼入路、应用髋臼三维记忆内固定系统固定髋臼骨折,同时固定股骨颈骨折及合并的多处骨折,配合术后早期的功能锻炼,可以使髋关节获得良好的功能。     

Surgical treatment of femoral neck pseudarthrosis associated with delayed union of ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture

A femoral neck fracture combined with an ipsilateral shaft fracture is often primarily not diagnosed. The later treatment is technically more difficult, because in the choice of operative technique for the shaft fracture the neck fracture it was not considered. In this case report the treatment of the shaft fracture with a reamed nail, and the secondary stabilisation of the femoral neck fracture with screws resulted in a pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck with an unfavourable inclination of the fracture plane. Both fractures healed without complications after changing the nail against a bridging plate and an intertrochanteric osteotomy with correction in two planes.     

髋关节后脱位合并髋臼及股骨颈骨折的手术治疗

1998年1月～2007年12月, 我院共收治髋关节后脱位合并髋臼及股骨颈骨折13例,采用髋关节后外侧切口入路行切开复位内固定治疗,临床效果满意. 1 材料与方法 1.1 病例资料 本组13例,男10例,女3例,年龄27～46岁.车祸伤11例,高处坠落伤2例,均为闭合性损伤.受伤后至就诊时间1～6 d.左侧9例,右侧4例.     

股骨干骨折合并同侧隐性股骨颈骨折的诊治分析

目的探讨对股骨干骨折合并同侧隐性股骨颈骨折的诊治方法。方法1998年3月至2003年10月我院共收治股骨干合并同侧隐性股骨颈骨折9例。回顾性分析这9例患者的临床资料。9例患者术前CT诊断隐性股骨颈骨折3例,术中诊断5例,术后CT发现合并股骨颈骨折1例。其中5例采用股骨重建髓内针同时固定股骨干和股骨颈骨折;3例患者股骨干采用逆行髓内针固定而股骨颈采用空心钉固定;另1例在顺行完成股骨干固定后用2枚空心钉固定股骨颈。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均20个月。全部股骨干骨折均在术后6个月内愈合,股骨颈骨折在3个月内愈合。结论股骨干骨折合并同侧隐性股骨颈骨折早期漏诊率高,临床医生通过对患者的受伤机制分析,对高能量损伤患者应考虑隐性股骨颈骨折的可能,术前可用CT获得诊断,行股骨干骨折带锁髓内针时术中和术后密切注意股骨颈骨折是否存在,从而减少股骨颈骨折的漏诊率。采用髓内针固定可获得满意疗效。     

同侧股骨颈、股骨干骨折的手术治疗

目的观察两种手术方法治疗同侧股骨颈和股骨干骨折的疗效。方法对1999年10月～2002年2月收治的16例同侧股骨颈和干骨折进行手术治疗。年龄29～71岁,平均40岁。4例开放性骨折为GustiloⅡ型。16例患者有合并损伤,5例患者累及同侧髌骨。股骨颈骨折按照Garden分型Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型7例,Ⅳ型1例。股骨干骨折按照Winquist分类Ⅰ°4例,Ⅱ°5例,Ⅲ°2例,Ⅳ°5例。9例患者使用AOⅡ型顺行股骨交锁髓内钉固定股骨颈和股骨干骨折,7例患者使用空心螺纹钉联合逆行股骨交锁髓内钉治疗。结果全部病例随访12～40个月,平均22个月。1例患者术中X线透视检查发现股骨颈骨折予空心螺纹钉固定。2例患者漏诊,术后随访时发现股骨颈骨折形成骨不连,除1例骨不连患者外,其余患者骨折均顺利愈合,股骨颈与股骨干骨折平均愈合时间分别为14周(12～17周)、12周(10～14周)。结论空心螺纹钉和股骨逆形交锁髓内钉以及AOⅡ型顺行股骨交锁髓内钉固定股骨颈和股骨干骨折均可获得满意结果,但后者疗效仍需进一步观察。     

同侧股骨干合并股骨颈骨折的处理

目的 分析同侧股骨干合并股骨颈骨折的临床特点和诊断要点，探讨不同治疗方法的疗效。方法 1998年3月－2001年6月收治的18例19个同侧股骨干合并股骨颈骨折病人中，早期诊断12例，2例用多针固定。2例行缝匠肌带肌蒂植骨，3例行带旋髂深血管植骨术。结果 术后随访8－40个月，平均16个月。股骨干骨折除1例钢板固定不愈合外其余均愈合。股骨颈骨折1例不愈合，其余均愈合。结论 对股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折早期推荐使用逆行带锁髓内钉和空心螺钉固定，对漏诊病例使用多针在股骨髓内钉前方固定股骨颈是一种有效的补救方法，晚期漏诊采用带肌蒂、血管蒂植骨术仍可取得较高愈合率。     

不稳定骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨不稳定骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折的治疗方法及临床疗效.方法 对26例不稳定骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折进行切开复位内固定手术治疗.结果 25例获得随访3～42个月.骨盆骨折愈合时间8～18周,按照Matta和Tornetta的评分进行复位情况的评价,优良率92％,采用Majeed功能评分进行功能等评价,优良率84％;髋臼骨折愈合时间8～16周,采用Matta影像学评定复位质量,优良率84％,采用Matta改良的Merle d'Aubigne和Postel评分系统行功能评价,优良率84％.5例神经损伤患者4～6个月后均完全恢复.结论 对于不稳定骨盆骨折合并髋臼骨折患者早期运用损伤控制骨科的理念抢救生命为主,病情稳定后先固定骨盆后环,然后行骨盆、髋臼骨折内固定手术,恢复骨盆环的稳定,解剖复位髋臼骨折,术后早期功能锻炼,可以取得良好的治疗效果.     

股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的手术治疗

目的：探讨单结构和双结构治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的疗效及其适应证。方法：2015年6月至2020年12月收治同侧股骨干合并股骨颈骨折患者21例,男14例,女7例,年龄23～69 (38.1±12.9)岁。根据不同股骨干骨折部位分别采用InterTan或PFNAⅡ固定（单结构）,以及逆行髓内钉+空心钉固定（双结构）。术后定期随访功能及并发症情况。单结构固定10例,股骨颈骨折均为基底型,股骨干骨折位于峡部近端;双结构固定11例,9例为股骨颈基底型,2例经颈型,股骨干骨折位于峡部及其远端。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间12～27个月。所有单结构固定患者未发生股骨头坏死、畸形、延迟和不愈合,股骨干骨折未发生延迟愈合、不愈合;末次随访Harris评分（91.8±4.1）分,优8例,良2例。所有双结构固定患者股骨颈骨折获得了良好的愈合,未发生股骨头坏死,1例股骨干骨折延迟愈合;末次随访Harris评分（92.4±5.9）分,优7例,良3例,一般1例。结论：良好的复位和固定是治疗这类骨折的关键。单结构和双结构固定均是良好选择,应根据股骨干和股骨颈骨折部位选择适合的固定方式。对于股骨干骨折位于峡...     

股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折诊治体会

目的 探讨股骨骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的诊断及治疗方法。方法 对10例股骨干骨折采用加压钢板固定，9例股骨颈骨折分别采用加压螺纹钉，三刃钉，骨圆针和松质骨螺钉固定。结果 随访10个月-5年。结论 全面体检，影像学检查可作出正确诊断，早期宜给予牢靠有效的内固定治疗。     

Surgical treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures

Results of the treatment of 378 patients with unstable fracture of the femur neck were analyzed. The authors recommend to use osteosynthesis with a three-blade rod with an additional fixation by a lateral plank and screws to the femur diaphysis combined with osseous allotransplant introduced parallel to the metallic fixator. The follow-up studies for 6 years have shown the false joint to be formed in 5% of the patients operated by the proposed method while osteosynthesis by a three-blade rod only gave it in 23,8% of cases.     

股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折的诊疗分析

股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折属于复杂股骨骨折,多由车祸、高处坠落等高速度、高能量损伤所致.近年来随着交通运输业和建筑业的发展,该病的发病率有不断上升的趋势.股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折多合并其他系统损伤,漏诊率高,治疗也相对棘手,容易导致医疗纠纷的发生.因此有必要结合文献对本病加以探讨,以提高对本病的认识和诊疗水平.     

股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的诊断与治疗

[目的]探讨股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的临床特点、漏诊原因和治疗方法。[方法]1999～2005年本院收治股骨干骨折伴同侧股骨颈骨折患者12例，回顾性分析这12例患者的临床资料。术前诊断股骨颈骨折7例，术中诊断2例，术后发现合并股骨颈骨折3例。其中3例采用股骨重建髓内针同时固定股骨干和股骨颈骨折，2例采用动力髋螺钉（DHS）固定，1例采用空心钉固定股骨颈骨折，再行闭合复位逆行带锁髓内钉固定股骨干骨折，2例采用顺行带锁髓内钉（UFN）结合空心钉固定，1例合并股骨髁上骨折，采用LISS—DF固定股骨干和股骨髁上髁间骨折，空心钉固定股骨颈，3例采用钢板固定2～3d后发现股骨颈骨折，再行空心钉固定。[结果]术后随访1～6年，平均3．4年，股骨干骨折均愈合，股骨颈骨折愈合11例，其中1例畸形愈合，不愈合1例，股骨头坏死1例。[结论]股骨干合并同侧股骨颈骨折相对较少，漏诊率较高，对于高能量损伤患者应提高警惕，常规摄骨盆前后位X线片，必要时行CT检查，治疗应根据股骨干骨折的部位和股骨颈骨折的移位程度来确定内固定方式。     

Surgical treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures with associated femoral neck fractures using a sliding hip screw

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to report the results of surgical treatment of a subset of intertrochanteric fractures with posteromedial comminution and extension of the fracture line into the femoral neck using a sliding hip screw. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Level I county trauma center. PATIENTS: Twenty-nine fractures (8%) with this pattern were identified from 381 intertrochanteric hip fractures treated at a single institution over a 10-year period. Nine patients were excluded (2 died, 7 had incomplete radiographic follow-up), leaving 20 patients for assessment. INTERVENTION: All fractures were treated with a sliding hip screw. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Radiographs at a mean follow-up of 17 months were recorded as demonstrating: 1) fixation failure; 2) fracture union; or 3) fracture nonunion. The tip-apex distance, amount of lag screw collapse, screw position in the femoral head, and adequacy of reduction were determined. RESULTS: Treatment failed according to these radiographic measures in 5 of 20 (25%) fractures. Failures included fracture nonunion (1 case), lag screw cutout (2 cases), and combined nonunion/lag screw cutout (2 cases). All 5 failures had complete collapse of the lag screw, whereas 4 of the 15 successfully treated fractures had complete collapse. The amount of collapse was significantly greater for the treatment failures (mean, 38 mm) than in the successfully treated hips (mean, 20 mm). There was no significant association between treatment success or failure and tip-apex distance, lag screw position, and adequacy of reduction. CONCLUSION: We conclude that intertrochanteric hip fractures with associated femoral neck fractures should not be managed with a standard sliding hip screw.     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折合并股骨颈及转子间骨折或转子下粉碎骨折

目的应用带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折及转子间骨折或转子下粉碎骨折。方法在1996年7月～1998年11月收治的16例复杂股骨骨折中,股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折3例,合并转手间骨折4例,转子下粉碎骨折9例。其中10例应用国产加长型Gamma钉,6例使用Russell－Taylor股骨重建钉固定。结果所有病例随访6～22个月,平均11个月。除1例股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折患者术后7个月出现股骨头坏死外,其余15例骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间5．5个月,患肢关节功能优良。经此方法治疗后可早期活动关节及功能锻炼、手术创伤小、切口小、固定可靠、骨折愈合率高。结论　　对股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折及转手间骨折或转子下粉碎骨折的治疗,带锁髓内钉具有明显优势。     

股骨干骨折合并同侧髋臼骨折与髋关节后脱位的治疗体会

股骨干骨折是较常见的骨折，而合并同侧髋臼骨折与髋关节后脱位的发病率较低，易出现漏诊或延迟诊断。2000年1月-2005年12月，我院共收治此类患者8例，报道如下。     

Injury of knee ligament associated with ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures and with ipsilateral femoral and tibial shaft fractures

A series of 110 patients with 114 fractures of the femur were reviewed an average of 3.9 years after injury. Demonstrable knee ligament laxity was present in 31 (27 per cent) of these patients, while 13 (11 per cent) complained of instability. Thirty-three patients with 34 ipsilateral femoral and tibial shaft fractures were examined an average of 3.7 years after injury. Demonstrable knee ligament laxity was present in 18 (53 per cent) of these patients, while 6 (18 per cent) complained of instability.

Most of the patients with instability had a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament with or without damage to other ligaments.

We conclude that knee ligament injury is more common with ipsilateral fracture of the femur and tibia than with just a single ipsilateral femoral fracture. We advocate careful assessment of the knee in all cases of fracture of the femur.     

Surgical treatment for ipsilateral fractures of the hip and femoral shaft

Concomitant ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures are difficult to treat. There is still no consensus on the optimal treatment of these complex fractures. Forty-seven patients with these complex fractures were treated in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between the periods of 1982 and 1998. Our standard treatment protocol is plate fixation for femoral shaft fracture and lag screw or dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation for hip fracture. Among 42 cases treated with this protocol, 34 were males and 8 were females with an average age of 36 years and average follow-up period of 55 months. We divided hip fractures into two groups: femoral neck fracture as group I and intertrochanteric fracture as group II. There were no non-union and osteonecrosis of the hip in either group. One diaphyseal non-union was observed in group I and four in group II. There were 92 and 76% good functional results in groups I and II, respectively. The result shows that our standard method can yield a reliable outcome in group I, but not in group II.