乙酰胆碱受体抗体测定对儿童重症肌无力的诊断价值

重症肌无力(MG)是累及神经肌肉接头突触后膜乙酰胆碱受体的自身免疫性疾病,免疫学研究已发现,患者血清中针对靶细胞的抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AchRsb)滴度增加,并认为AchRab是MG的主要致病因子。故检测患儿血清AchRab具有诊断MG的特异性价值。本文应用ELASA法对63例MG患儿进行了血清AchRab测定,发现大多数患儿抗体滴度明显升高,能反映临床情况,具有很高的实验诊断价值。     

重症肌无力患者HLA-DQB1等位基因与乙酰胆碱受体抗体的相关性研究

目的探讨重症肌无力(MG)患者HLA-DQB1等位基因和乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AchRab)的相关性.方法采用ELISA法对50例MG患者以及48名健康对照者进行AchRab检测,对其中36例患者同时进行了HLA-DQB1检测.结果眼肌型患者AchRab阳性频率显著低于全身型,18岁以下组AchRab显著低于30岁以上组;本组所有DQB1等位基因和AchRab相关性分析结果均P>0.05.结论 MG患者发病年龄和AchRab相关,HLA-DQB1等位基因和AchRab无关,AchRab受其他遗传因素影响.     

重症肌无力血清乙酰胆碱受体抗体的阳性率及其影响因素

采用ABC-ELISA法检测162例重症肌无力患者的224份血清标本,100例正常人和78例其他疾病病人的血清中AchRab。重症肌无力病人的抗体阳性率为80.2％,其中单纯眼肌型63.1％,脊髓肌型90.0％,延髓肌型93.8％和全身肌型91.5％。合并胸腺瘤的阳性率为83.3％,与全组阳性率无显著性差异。激素和血浆交换治疗均未影响抗体阳性结果。随访观察表明,重症肌无力病人的AchRab阳性率与疾病严重程度不成线性相关。我们认为,AchRab滴度虽然与临床状况不相关,但在重症肌无力的诊断和自身免疫病因的研究中,仍是一项重要参数。     

加强重症肌无力临床和基础的协作研究（述评）

扼要概述了近年国内外有关重症肌无力的研究动向及趋势。强调临床和基础协作的必要性。     

小儿重症肌无力的免疫调节治疗

用肾上腺皮质激素，人血球蛋白、胸腺肽三者联合的免疫调节治疗方案治疗重症肌无力患者６８例，并观察了乙酰胆碱受体抗体及免疫球蛋白在治疗前后的变化，结果提示重症肌无力患儿体内免疫调节紊乱，本免疫调节疗法疗效满意，简便经济，且达到免疫调节目的。     

重症肌无力发病的非乙酰胆碱受体抗体机制

重症肌无力 (ＭＧ)是一种主要由乙酰胆碱受体 (ＡＣｈＲ)抗体介导的自身免疫性疾病。然而 ,约有 1 5 %的ＭＧ患者血清中未检测到ＡＣｈＲ抗体 ,这些患者被称为抗体阴性重症肌无力 (ｓｅｒｏｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅＭＧ ,ＳＮＭＧ) [1 ] 。由于ＳＮＭＧ患者的临床表现与抗体阳性的ＭＧ患者基本相似 ,对免疫抑制剂治疗亦敏感 ,而且给小鼠注射ＳＮＭＧ患者的血清或ＩｇＧ亦能复制出ＭＧ模型[2 ] ,因此 ,对ＭＧ发病机制而言 ,除ＡＣｈＲ抗体的介导外 ,可能还有其他的抗体或分子参与。近年来对ＭＧ发病的非ＡＣｈＲ抗体机制研究取得了一系列的进展 ,综…     

转移因子治疗重症肌无力中免疫作用的探讨

本文用转移因子(TF)配合抗胆碱酯酶药物治疗重症肌无力(MG)73例,其中16例用ELISA法测定了抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AchR-Ab)水平。结果表明:(1)治疗组较对照组症状缓解率明显提高、复发率明显下降(P<0.01)。且未见肌无力危象发生。(2)MG患者血清AChR-Ab水平明显高于正常对照组,经TF治疗后随着临床症状的缓解其AchR-Ab水平也明显下降(P<0.01)。(3)患者外周血淋巴细胞经丝裂原(PHA和PWM)刺激后其产生的AChR-Ab与正常对照组对比无明显差异(P>0.05)。     

AChRab阳性和阴性重症肌无力患者CD5+B细胞的研究

目的研究CD5     

重症肌无力AChRAb与培养神经元nAChR免疫结合反应研究

目的 从离体细胞水平对重症肌无力（MG）患者伴有中枢神经系统（CNS0受损的机制进行探讨。方法 从MG患者和正常人血中提取IgG。体外培养新生SD大鼠皮层，脑干、海马神经元，同时培养TE-671细胞株作阳性对照，然后其与神经元特异性抗体及胆碱能神经元特异性抗体进行间接免疫荧光双标记，观察其免疫结合反应。结果 MG患者IgG可与离体培养的皮层，脑干、海马神经元及TE671免疫结合，而正常人血中提取的IgG则否。结论 MG患者外周IgG(AChRAb)可与离体培养的神经-烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（nAChR)结合。是MG患者CNS受损的可能机制。     

重症肌无力患者IgG脑室内注射对大鼠EEG及BAEP的影响

目的 观察重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis，MG)患者IgG(AChRAb)经大鼠脑室内注入对其脑电图(electroencephalography，EEG)及脑干听觉诱发电位(brain stem auditory evoked potential，BAEP)的影响，并探讨AChRAb影响大鼠中枢神经系统(CNS)的机制。方法将从确诊的、AChRAb阳性的MG患者血清中提纯的IgG(AChRAb)，注射到实验组大鼠侧脑室，对照组大鼠则注射健康人IgG，观察大鼠行为学、BAEP、EEG改变。结果实验组大鼠术后出现类似于实验性自身免疫性MG的行为学改变，部分大鼠出现癫痫发作BAEP峰间潜伏期(IPLs)延长EEG异常，即δ、θ增多与痫性波发放增加。结论 MGAChRAb可致大鼠CNS损害，AChRAb与大鼠CNS神经元型乙酰胆碱受体结合，可能是其病理生理机制。     

Acetylcholine receptor antibody in myasthenia gravis

Radioimmunoassay techniques were used to detect antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AAChR) in 164 patients with adult-onset myasthenia gravis. AAChR levels above 0.6 nM/l were considered pathological and were found in 67% of the patients with an average value of 58.99 +/- 125.02 nM/l (0.6-900.0). Correlation, with clinical functional status, the histopathological thymus alterations and the different therapeutics used did not disclose any statistically significant differences.     

Clinical findings in MuSK‐antibody positive myasthenia gravis: A U.S. experience

We performed a retrospective chart review on 53 muscle‐specific kinase antibody (MuSK‐Ab)‐positive myasthenia gravis (MG) patients at nine university‐based centers in the U.S. Of these, 66% were Caucasian, 85% were women, and age of onset was 9–79 years. Twenty‐seven patients were nonresponsive to anticholinesterase therapy. Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America improvement status was achieved in 53% patients on corticosteroids, 51% with plasma exchange, and in 20% on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Thymectomy was beneficial in 7/18 patients at 3 years. Long‐term (≥3 years) outcome was very favorable in 58% of patients who achieved remission and/or minimal manifestation status. Overall, 73% improved. There was one MG‐related death. This survey reinforces several cardinal features of MuSK‐Ab‐positive MG, including prominent bulbar involvement and anticholinesterase nonresponsiveness. Facial or tongue atrophy was rare. Most patients respond favorably to immunotherapy. The best clinical response was to corticosteroids and plasma exchange, and the poorest response was to IVIG. Long‐term outcome is favorable in about 60% of cases. Muscle Nerve, 2009     

Comparison of diagnosis value for new onset myasthenia gravis by many clinical auxiliary examinations

BACKGROUND: The clinical values of neostigmine test, clinical electrophysiologic study and acetylcholine receptor antibody detection in diagnosing myasthenia gravis (MG) found newly are unclear in China. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reference value of common clinical diagnosis parameters in correctly diagnosing untreated MG found newly. DESIGN: Retrospective case analysis. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 156 outpatients with MG admitted to Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health between January 1999 and December 2002. The involved patients, 72 males and 84 females, were aged 2–79 years. They were classified according to Osserman's criteria: ⅡA 72，ⅡB 76, Ⅲ 3 and Ⅳ 5. They were all subjected to being inquired of disease history, neostigmine test, and acetylcholine receptor antibody detection, met the diagnosis criteria of Neuroimmunology Committee of China, and confirmed by clinical electrophysiologic detections; Informed consents were obtained from all the involved subjects. METHODS: ①After admission, every patient was intramuscularly injected with 1.5 mg neostigmine; If the patient was a child, the injection dose was decreased according to his/her age. If his/her score of any observation index after injection was improved ≥ 50% as compared with before injection , his positive index was set as positive. Positive neostigmine test was set if there was one positive index. ②Repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber electromyography were performed with Dantec Keypoint electromyogram (EMG) apparatus. ③Acetylcholine receptor antibody was detected by ELISA method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical absolute and relative scores of MG, acetylcholine receptor antibody level, and repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber electromyography examination results. RESULTS: The positive rates of neostigmine test, repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber electromyography examination for MG were 86.5%, 82.6%, and 69.2%, respectively, and the positive rate of acetylcholine receptor antibody was 78.8%. CONCLUSION: Standardized neostigmine test has the highest sensitivity to diagnose MG.     

用AChR单克隆抗体建立大鼠重症肌无力被动转移模型的研究

目的利用乙酰胆碱受体(AChR)单克隆抗体建立重症肌无力(MG)被动转移模型。方法将AChR单克隆抗体mAb35注入3种品系大鼠腹腔，观察其临床症状并行药理学和电生理学及超微结构鉴定。结果被动转移mAb35后3种大鼠均可出现肌无力症状。其临床症状、药理学特点、电生理特点和超微结构变化均与MG患者相似。结论利用AChR单克隆抗体可在此3种品系大鼠成功建立获得性自身免疫性MG模型。     

Correlation of C3 level with severity of generalized myasthenia gravis

Acute exacerbation of generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) can cause swallowing impairment, respiratory failure, or death. It is important to identify immunological factors that might be regarded reliably as an index of the patient's clinical condition, response to treatment, and measure of certain immune aberrations of MG. In this study we investigated correlations between complement component C3, acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChRab) titer, and clinical severity of GMG. AChRab titer and C3 concentration were determined by radioimmunoassay and nephelometry, respectively. The clinical severity of GMG was assessed by the quantitative MG score (QMGS) according to Besinger and colleagues. Our findings indicate that the C3 level correlates with clinical severity of AChRab‐positive GMG. Muscle Nerve, 2009     

重症肌无力患者酪氨酸激酶抗体的检测

目的探讨酪氨酸激酶抗体（MuSKAb）在血清阴性重症肌无力（SNMG）发病中的作用。方法采用放射免疫法检测198例重症肌无力（MG）患者血清中抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体（AChRAb）水平，筛选出SNMG血清样本再行MuSKAb水平检测。结果MG患者血清AChRAb浓度明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），其阳性率为81．3％，SNMG患者血清MuSKAb均为阴性。结论MuSKAb可能在中国SNMG患者中的检出率较低。     

白细胞介素-6与重症肌无力患者临床特点的关系

目的　探讨白细胞介素 6(IL 6)与重症肌无力(MG)患者临床特点的关系。方法　采用双抗体 夹心ELISA法检测36例MG患者及20名健康对照者的血清IL 6和乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AchRAb)水平,并分 析其与MG临床特点的关系。结果　MG患者血清IL 6水平高于健康对照者(P<0.01);AchRAb阳性患者 高于阴性患者(P<0.05);全身型患者高于眼肌型患者(P<0.05);病情重者高于病情轻者(P<0.05);急性 期高于非急性期(P<0.01);预后差者高于预后好者(P<0.05);伴胸腺异常者高于胸腺正常者(P<0.05)。 结论　IL 6与MG临床特点相关,在MG发病机制中起重要作用。血清IL 6水平可间接反映体内免疫功能紊 乱的程度,对判断MG患者病情、预后和指导治疗有重要的参考价值。     

重症肌无力CNS损害和神经细胞关系

目的　探讨神经细胞凋亡与重症肌无力 ( MG)中枢神经系统 ( CNS)损害之间的关系。方法　MG患者血中提取纯化的 Ig G注入 SD大鼠脑室系统 ,然后用透射电镜观察大鼠中枢神经细胞形态学变化。结果　侧脑室注射 MG患者 Ig G后 ,在大鼠大脑皮层、海马神经细胞中观察到神经细胞凋亡现象。结论　 MG中枢损害过程中 ,神经细胞凋亡可能起重要的作用。 MG患者乙酰胆碱受体抗体 ( ACh RAb)与 CNS神经 -ACh R结合 ,诱发神经细胞凋亡 ,从而可能致 MG CNS功能障碍。