RP-HPLC法测定杭白芍及其饮片中芍药内酯苷、芍药苷和苯甲酰芍药苷

目的 采用HPLC法测定杭白芍药材与饮片中芍药内酯苷、芍药苷和苯甲酰芍药苷3种成分的量.方法 色谱柱为Zorbax SB-C18柱;流动相为0.05%磷酸水溶液-0.05%磷酸乙腈溶液;梯度洗脱;体积流量l mL/min柱温30℃;检测波长230 nm.结果 芍药内酯苷在0.131 ～ 1.31μg,芍药苷在0.425～4.25 μg,苯甲酰芍药苷在0.086～0.576μg与峰面积呈良好的线性关系.加样回收率分别为芍药内酯苷96.6%(RSD为1.2%),芍药苷98.7%(RSD为2.3%),苯甲酰芍药苷97.4%(RSD为1.7%).结论 所建立的方法适合杭白芍中有效成分的测定,并且杭白芍药材中芍药内酯苷、芍药苷和苯甲酰芍药苷的量高于饮片.     

芪天胶囊中红景天苷和芍药苷的含量测定

目的:建立HPLC测定芪天胶囊中红景天苷和芍药苷含量的方法。方法:采用:Kromasil ODS-1色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇(A)-0.02 mol·L-1磷酸(B),梯度洗脱[0～15 min,19%A;15～50 min,19～28%A;50～60min,28%A]分段变波长测定,0～25 min,275 nm(测红景天苷),26～60 min,230 nm(测芍药苷);柱温35℃,流速1.0 mL·min-1。结果:两种成分的线性关系良好,精密度、稳定性、重复性的RSD均<3%,平均加样回收率分别为98.33%,97.77%。结论:该方法简单,灵敏、准确。可用于芪天胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定血府逐瘀胶囊中苦杏仁苷、芍药苷和柚皮苷

目的 建立血府逐瘀胶囊中苦杏仁苷、芍药苷、柚皮苷的HPLC-ELSD测定方法.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为HiQ-C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相:乙腈-0.8%醋酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;体积流量为0.8 mL/min;柱温30℃;ELSD飘移管温度为110℃,载气(空气)体积流量为2.5 L/min,进样量:20 μL.结果 3个成分均能达到基线分离,平均回收率分别为苦杏仁苷97.47%、RSD为2.1%(n=6);芍药苷99.19%、RSD为1.9%(n=6);柚皮苷98.38%、RSD为1.3%(n=6).结论 本方法简便、快速、准确,可作为血府逐瘀胶囊的质量控制方法.     

归芍浓缩丸中芍药内酯苷和芍药苷的含量测定

目的建立归芍浓缩丸中芍药内酯苷和芍药苷的含量测定方法。方法采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法测定归芍浓缩丸中芍药内酯苷和芍药苷的含量。色谱条件:用C18分析柱,以乙腈-0.05%冰醋酸溶液(17∶83)为流动相,检测波长为230 nm,进样量为20μl。结果高效液相色谱法测定芍药内酯苷在0.67~2.02μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为100.5%,RSD=0.29%(n=7);芍药苷在0.41~1.63μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为101.2%,RSD0.37%(n=7)。结论该方法简便快速、精密度高、准确度好,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法。     

HPLC法测定康媛颗粒中芍药苷的含量

目的:用HPLC法测定康媛颗粒中芍药苷的含量。方法:采用DiamonsillC18(5μm,200 mm×4.6 mm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸(18∶82);检测波长230 nm。结果:芍药苷进样量在0.2264~2.0376μg范围内,与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0.9999(n=5),平均回收率为99.35%,RSD为1.99%(n=5),精密度RSD为0.31%(n=5)。结论:HPLC法简便、灵敏、稳定,可用于芍药苷的含量测定。     

HPLC测定复方逍遥糖浆中芍药苷的含量

目的建立测定复方逍遥糖浆中芍药苷含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法。方法固定相:SinoChromODS-BP柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.1%磷酸(15:85);流速1.0mL/min;柱温:25℃;检测波长:230nm;进样量:20μL。结果芍药苷在0.204～2.04μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999,平均回收率为101.6%(n=5),RSD=1.49%。结论该方法简便、准确,可有效控制复方逍遥糖浆的质量。     

HPLC测定郁舒颗粒芍药内酯苷和芍药苷的含量

目的:建立测定郁舒颗粒中芍药内酯苷和芍药苷含量测定的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱,以Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6×250mm,5μm)为分析柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL.min-1,检测波长:203nm,柱温:30℃。结果:芍药内酯苷与芍药苷分离度良好,且不受其它成分干扰;芍药内酯苷、芍药苷分别在0.240～0.900μg(r=0.9998,n=6),0.601～2.253μg(r=0.9993,n=6)范围内线性关系良好;方法的平均回收率都在95%～105%范围内,RSD均小于3.0%。结论:该方法简便、快速、重现性好、准确可靠,可用于郁舒颗粒中芍药内酯苷和芍药苷的含量测定。     

RP-HPLC法测定赤芍药材中没食子酸、儿茶素、芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、苯甲酸

目的建立了用RP-HPLC对赤芍中没食子酸、儿茶素、芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、苯甲酸同时定量的方法,并对不同产地赤芍药材进行考察。方法高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Waters Sunfire columns C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.1%磷酸梯度洗脱;检测波长采用变波长检测;柱温为40℃;进样量为10μL。同时测定了赤芍中没食子酸、儿茶素、芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、苯甲酸的量。结果没食子酸在0.013～0.506μg线性关系良好(r=0.999 6)、儿茶素在0.025～0.993 6μg线性关系良好(r=0.999 7)、芍药苷在0.200～8.017μg线性关系良好(r=0.999 6)、芍药内酯苷在0.030～1.184μg线性关系良好(r=0.999 6)、苯甲酸在0.037～1.485μg线性关系良好(r=0.999 6)。平均回收率没食子酸为98.08%,RSD为1.65%;儿茶素为101.80%,RSD为3.07%;芍药内酯苷为99.18%,RSD为3.25%;芍药苷为95.95%,RSD为1.39%;苯甲酸为101.85%,RSD为1.35%。结论本方法测定了不同产地、不同批号赤芍样品中5种化学成分的量,该方法分离度好,快速,简便,重现性好。     

HPLC法测定脑血栓片中芍药苷的含量

目的:建立脑血栓片中芍药苷的定量分析方法。方法:色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-水(40∶60);流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长230 nm。芍药苷保留时间为5 min左右。结果:线性关系良好,平均加样回收率为98.7%,RSD=1.32%。结论:此方法简便、准确,可作为脑血栓片中芍药苷的定量分析方法。     

明目地黄丸中芍药苷和丹皮酚的HPLC分析

目的：HPLC分析明目地黄丸中芍药苷、丹皮酚的含量。方法：色谱柱：Zorbax C18（4.6×250mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇（A）-0.1%冰醋酸梯度洗脱（0～5min,15%-15%A;5～15min,15%～20%A;15～30min,20%～60%A;30～50 min,60%～80%A）,检测波长242nm,进样量20μL,柱温为25℃,流速为1.0mL.min-1分析时间为50min。结果：芍药苷、丹皮酚分别在0.28μg～4.46μg（r=0.9996）和0.34μg～5.46μg（r=0.9998）范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为98.75%（RSD=2.54%）,99.78%（RSD=1.12%）。结论：本方法方便、快捷,重复性好,可作为明目地黄丸的质量控制方法。     

丹参药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量测定

[目的]对不同产地的丹参药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量进行测定,为高品质丹参药材的筛选提供某种依据,并为中药材质量标准的建立提供一定的参考价值.[方法]样品经湿法消解后,用原子吸收分光光度法进行检测.[结果]超标率为:铅6.25%;镉100%;砷0;汞0;铜31.25%.[结论]不同产地的丹参药材中砷、汞含量较低,铅和铜的含量个别超标,镉含量严重超标.     

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To study the potential benefit of the traditional Mexican medicinal plant Galium mexicanum Kunth (Rubiaceae). Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts as well as various fractions from these extracts were tested to determine antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic or anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

Materials and methods

Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with various solvents and fractionated accordingly. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal strains. Leishmania donovani was used as a protozoan strain for antiparasitic activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by measuring the secretion of interleukin-6 when macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results

Various extracts and fractions obtained from this plant exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of special interest was the hexane fraction HE 14b, which show antibacterial (ranging between 67 and 666 μg/ml) and antifungal (at concentrations of 333 μg/ml) activities. Also the hexane fraction HE 5 exhibited antiparasitic activity (at concentrations of 260 μg/ml), whereas the methanol fraction ME 13-15 showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to dexamethasone. Chemical analyses of the chloroform extract show the presence of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and glucosides, but no tannins were detected in the assayed extract.

Conclusions

The benefit of Galium mexicanum as a traditional medicinal plant was confirmed using antibacterial and antifungal assays in vitro. We also report for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.     

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots

Intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous extract of the crude drug "shigoka" (Siberian ginseng), Eleutherococcus senticosus roots, remarkably diminished plasma-sugar level in mice. Fractionation of the extract by monitoring the activity yielded seven glycans, eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which exerted marked hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.     

反相高效液相色谱同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的含量

目的 :建立同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的 HPL C方法。方法 :用 VP-ODS150 mm× 4.6mm,5μm色谱柱 ,柱温 50℃ ,以甲醇 -水 -三乙胺 (55∶ 45∶ 0 .2 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长 2 15nm,流速 0 .8ml/ min。结果 :在所确立的色谱条件下 4种生物碱得到很好地分离 ,标准曲线显示在 0 .1～ 0 .7μg范围内具有良好的线性关系 ,平均回收率为98.5%～ 10 1.0 %。结论 :该方法简便、快速、准确 ,可用于生药及制剂中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的同时测定     

电感耦合等离子质谱法测定热毒宁注射液中有害元素铅砷镉汞铜的含量

目的: 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 测定热毒宁注射液中铅(Pb),砷(As),镉(Cd),汞(Hg),铜(Cu)5 种元素同时的方法。 方法: 样品经微波消解后,以ICP-MS同时测定上述5种元素,其中Cu,As以铬(Ge)作为内标, Cd以铟(In)作为内标,Hg,Pb以铋(Bi)作为内标进行定量以改善基体效应和干扰。 结果: 各元素的检出限在0.009~0.113 μg ·L^-1; 各元素的线性关系良好,Pb,As,Cd,Cu,Hg线性范围分别为0~20,0~20,0~10,0~200,0~5 μg ·L^-1。r均≥ 0.999;精密度RSD<1.9%;重复性良好,回收率在97.8%~110.9%,RSD<4.3%。20批样品中5种元素的含量均符合规定。 结论: 该方法操作简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,各项分析性能指标均达到要求,适用于热毒宁注射液中Pb,As,Cd,Hg,Cu元素的测定。     

Phytochemistry, Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng

Ginseng, as a medicinal plant, has been used for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Japan, and the study on ginseng is a hotspot in the research field as evidenced by about 7000 scientific papers in PUBMED. In recent decades, many ginseng studies focused on the metabolism and metabolomics of ginseng or its active ingredients using modern bioanalytical technologies. To date, more than 200 ginsenosides and non-saponin constituents have been isolated and identified. In the past decades, rapid development of analytical technologies has facilitated the advancement of ginseng research in many ways. In this review, we focus on the advances of ginseng research in chemistry, pharmacology, and metabolomics. We also provide the comments on the significance as well as challenges of metabolomics-based ginseng studies.     

Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrhoeal plants of Parinche valley,Pune district,Maharashtra, India

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Maharashtra is the third largest state in India with a large tribal population. Documentation of traditional knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for conservation and utilization of indigenous knowledge. Diarrhoeal diseases are the second largest cause of morbidity in rural India. Medicinal plants given by the traditional healers of Parinche in Pune district, Maharashtra are known to be efficacious for many common ailments, including diarrhoeal diseases.

Aim of the study

Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrhoeal plants from Parinche valley towards the documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge.

Materials and methods

Interviews and inquiries were conducted amongst traditional healers, indigenous communities and village elders.

Results

One hundred and eighty two plants used by tribes and natives for different ailments were documented of which 28 flowering plants were for diarrhoea. Leaf was the most preferred plant part. Amongst the 28 plants, antidiarrhoeal activity of five plants viz., Caesalpinia sepiaria, Dioscorea pentaphylla, Launaea pinnatifida, Syzygium rubicundum and Ziziphus jujuba has not been reported previously. Two species viz., Ziziphus xylopyra and Syzygium rubicundum are endemic to India.

Conclusion

Parinche valley is an ethnobotanically rich area with abundant availability and knowledge of medicinal plants that can serve as a model for low cost health care.     

血竭含药血清对雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF,CNTF,LNGFR,TrkA,GDNF,GAP-43和NF-H表达的影响

目的:观察血竭含药血清对雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF,CNTF,LNGFR,TrkA,GDNF,GAP43和NF-H表达的影响,探讨其促进周围神经再生的可能机制.方法:SD大鼠随机分为血竭给药组(灌服血竭的香油溶液)和空白对照组(等体积香油),制备血竭含药血清和空白对照血清.选取出生3 dSD大鼠双侧坐骨神经制备雪旺氏细胞;将培养的雪旺氏细胞分为血竭组和空白对照组,分别用10％血竭含药血清和空白对照血清干预培养.48 h后应用RT-PCR法检测各组雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF等基因mRNA表达水平.结果:镜下观察到大部分雪旺氏细胞呈双极梭形,细胞呈肩对肩或端对端排列,免疫细胞化学鉴定均呈阳性;与空白组比较,血竭组NGF,LNGFR,GDNF和GAP43 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.01),BDNF mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05),CNTF和TrkA的mRNA均下调(P＜0.01),NF-H mRNA无显著差异.结论:中药血竭可能是通过上调NGF,LNGFR,GDNF,GAP-43的mRNA的表达,同时下调BDNF,CNTF,TrkA mRNA来发挥其促进神经修复作用.     

从热毒湿瘀虚辨治小儿IgA肾病

IgA肾病病理机制复杂,热邪为IgA肾病诱发和加重的始动因素,湿毒内蕴是IgA肾病关键病机,瘀血为IgA肾病病理基础,气阴两虚为IgA肾病的根本病机。设立总治则为祛邪扶正,常用治疗方法有清热解毒、清热利湿、活血化瘀、益气养阴。