父母养育方式与儿童自我意识关系的研究

目的　探讨父母养育方式与儿童自我意识之间的相关性。方法　选用Piers Harris儿童自我意识量表(中文版 )和父母养育方式评价量表 (中文版 )对 10 0名儿童进行测查 ,将儿童自我意识量表评分分为低自我意识组( 5 1)、正常范围组及高自我意识组 ( 6 3)进行比较 ,并对父母养育方式与儿童自我意识总分及各因子进行相关分析。结果　低自我意识组的父母情感温暖因子分明显低于另外两组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;父母惩罚严厉因子和拒绝否认因子分明显高于另外两组 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。父母情感温暖和理解因子、母亲偏爱被试因子与儿童自我意识总分和部分因子均呈显著相关 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;父母惩罚严厉因子、拒绝否认因子与自我意识总分和部分因子呈显著负相关 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。结论　父母养育方式与儿童自我意识水平显著相关     

上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识与父母养育方式的相关分析

目的 探讨上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识发展情况以及自我意识与父母养育方式的关系.方法 采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)和父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对上海宝山区进城务工人员子女小学及中学7所学校4 350名学生进行调查.结果 进城务工人员子女自我意识水平量表总分及各因子得分均低于城市常模,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).自我意识量表的各因子及总分与父母养育方式中的情感温暖、理解因子呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与父母的惩罚严厉因子、拒绝否认因子呈显著负相关(P＜0.01).自我意识量表中行为、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足因子及总分与父母的过分干涉因子、过度保护呈显著负相关(P＜0.01),而智力与学校情况、躯体外貌与属性因子与父母的过分干涉、过度保护呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 上海宝山区进城务工人员子女自我意识水平低于城市儿童,父母养育方式是影响儿童自我意识水平的主要因素之一,良好的父母养育方式有利于儿童自我意识水平的发展.     

心因性非癫痫性发作儿童自我意识、家庭环境及父母养育方式的对照研究

目的探讨心因性非癫痫性发作（PNES）儿童自我意识、家庭环境和父母养育方式的特征及其与正常儿童的区别。方法采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表（CSS）、家庭环境量表中文版（FES-CV）、父母养育方式问卷（EMBU）对43例PNES儿童和43名正常对照组儿童进行了评估。结果 PNES儿童CSS总分及焦虑、合群、幸福与满足分量表得分低于对照组儿童;FES-CV中的知识性分量表得分低于对照组儿童;EMBU中父亲的情感温暖与理解因子得分低于对照组儿童,父亲的惩罚严厉因子、母亲的过分干涉与过度保护因子、父母亲的拒绝否认因子得分高于对照组儿童。结论心因性非癫痫性发作儿童存在不良的自我意识、家庭环境及父母养育方式。     

精神分裂症的攻击性行为与父母养育方式的相关性分析

本文试图探讨父母养育方式对精神分裂症攻击性行为的影响。现报道于后。1 对象与方法 1.1 对象 研究对象为1999年2月～2000年11月于本院住院的精神分裂症患者。入组标准:①符合CCMD-2-R中精神分裂症的诊断标准。②排     

心理教育对多动症儿童父母养育方式的影响

儿童多动症是儿童少年期常见的行为问题,其发生、发展受多种因素的影响,如遗传、心理、社会环境以及家庭教养方式等[1～3]。为此,本文采用心理教育对多动症儿童父母养育方式的影响进行探讨,并报道于后。1对象和方法1.1对象62例儿童多动症患儿均来自我院儿童心理卫生科门诊。其中,男53例,女9例,年龄7～11岁,平均(9.02±2.47)岁;病程1～4年,平均(2.12±2.34)年。均符合CCMD-3诊断标准,排除儿童精神分裂症、精神发育迟滞、儿童孤独症、器质性精神障碍。对符合上述诊断标准的患儿随机分为观察组34例(心理教育合并利他林治疗)和对照组28例(单独…     

社交焦虑障碍患者父母养育方式分析

目的：探讨社交焦虑障碍（SAD）患者的发病与父母养育方式的关系。方法：采用自编社会人口学资料调查表、父母养育方式量表（EMBU）对30例SAD患者（患者组）和30名正常人（对照组）进行评估;以Liebowitz社交焦虑量表（LSAS）≥38分为界,评估SAD的严重程度。结果：患者组LSAS评分平均（78.0±27.8）分显著高于对照组的（22.2±9.0）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.477,P〈0.01）。患者组EMBU中父亲的拒绝、否认因子分和过度保护因子分平均（11.10±3.93）分和（10.77±2.57）分显著高于对照组的（8.67±1.97）分和（9.30±1.77）分（t=3.035、2.578,P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;父亲的情感温暖、理解因子分和偏爱被试因子分平均（43.30±11.45）分和（10.50±2.91）分显著低于对照组的（51.20±8.10）分和（12.87±5.43）分（t=3.085、2.104,P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。母亲的拒绝、否认因子分平均（13.93±5.34）分显著高于对照组的（11.33±2.26）分（t=2.457,P〈0.05）,母亲的情感温暖、理解因子分和偏爱被试因子分平均为（43.07±12.07）分和（10.50±2.91）分显著低于对照组的（51.53±8.26）分和（12.87±5.43）分（t=3.170、2.104,P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论：SAD的发生与父母养育方式有关,不良的父母养育方式可能是SAD的发病原因之一。     

抑郁症患者自我概念与父母养育方式研究

目的探讨抑郁症患者自我概念和父母养育方式及其二者关系。方法采用田纳西自我概念量表（TSCS）、父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）对符合入组标准的98例抑郁症患者进行测评,并与100例正常人群进行对照,采用汉密顿抑郁量表（24项,HAND）评定抑郁症状严重程度。结果抑郁症患者自我概念水平明显低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认均高于正常对照组,父母情感温暖理解因子低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。抑郁症状与父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认、母亲过分干涉因子呈显著正相关,与父母情感温暖理解因子及自我概念多个因子呈显著负相关;自我概念因子与父母养育方式多个因子分存在显著相关。结论抑郁症患者父母的不良养育方式可能导致抑郁症患者性格缺陷,影响患者的自我概念发展。：抑郁症患者的自我概念水平与父母不良养育方式存在密切关系。     

品行障碍患儿父母养育方式及应付方式的研究

目的:探讨父母养育方式对品行障碍患儿的应付方式的影响。方法:采用父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)及应付方式问卷(CSQ)对46例品行障碍患儿和46名正常儿童为对照进行评估,并对父母养育方式与应付方式作相关分析。结果:品行障碍组患儿父母的情感温暖因子分明显低于对照组,而其他各项因子分(除父母的偏爱被试及父亲的过分干涉、过度保护外)则均明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);品行障碍组解决问题评分明显低于对照组,而自责、求助、幻想、退避因子分则明显高于对照组(P<0.01);品行障碍组解决问题、求助与父母的情感温暖因子呈正相关,而与其他各项因子呈负相关;自责、退避与父母的情感温暖因子呈负相关,而与其他各项因子呈正相关。结论:品行障碍患儿多采用消极的应付方式,与父母的养育方式明显相关。     

父母养育方式与大学生焦虑水平的关系

目的了解父母养育方式与大学生焦虑水平的关系。方法采用父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）对300名大学生进行调查。结果（1）父母亲养育方式中的“拒绝否认”和父亲的“过度保护”因子存在性别差异；母亲的“过度保护”因子有城乡差异。（2）大学生焦虑水平与父母亲的“情感温暖”因子有显著负相关，与父母亲的“拒绝否认”因子和父亲的“严厉惩罚”、“过度保护”因子有显著正相关。（3）回归分析发现，父亲的“严厉惩罚”固子、“过度保护”因子和母亲的“情感温暖”、“过分干涉保护”因子对大学生的焦虑水平有预测作用。结论父母养育方式与大学生焦虑水平关系密切。     

农村初中生心理健康状况与父母养育方式的关系分析

目的探讨农村初中生心理健康状况与父母养育方式的关系.方法使用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）对本市下属农村某中学初二学生共325人进行调查.结果男女初中生SCL-90各因子得分均高于国内常模;相关分析表明,SCL-90各因子与EMBU的父母亲严厉惩罚、父亲过分干涉过度保护、父母亲拒绝否认等项呈显著意义的正相关;父母亲温暖理解与SCL-90各因子呈负相关;父亲偏爱与SCL-90中的强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、恐怖及偏执等因子呈显著意义的正相关;母亲偏爱与SCL-90中的人际关系、抑郁、敌对、恐怖和偏执等因子呈显著意义的正相关.结论本市农村初中生的心理健康状况较差,且与父母教养方式有密切关系.     

Examining academic self-concept as a mediator of the relationship between anxiety and depression: A longitudinal study

Background

Self-concept plays a role as a mediator in the development and maintenance of internalizing symptoms but mechanisms through which the early presence of anxiety symptoms is associated with the subsequent development of depression is unknown. The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze the mediating role of different areas of self-concept in the relationship between the early development of anxiety symptoms and the later appearance of depressive symptoms.

Methods

A longitudinal study with 3 time-points was conducted, including baseline, 2 months and 12 months from the baseline assessment. A total of 217 children aged 8–12 years participated. Mediation analyses were conducted using PROCESS Macro for SPSS.

Results

Academic self-concept (Time 2) mediated the relationship between Anxiety (Time 1) and Depression (Time 3) when controlling for children's sex and, age, baseline value of the mediator, anxiety (at Times 2 and 3), and depression (at Times 1 and 2). Children with self-reports of higher anxiety symptoms (Time 1) presented lower Academic self-concept (Time 2). Children who reported lower levels of Academic self-concept and Family self-concept (Time 2) were more likely to develop depressive symptoms (Time 3).

Conclusions

Feeling competent in the school environment may be considered a protective factor against the development of depression in childhood. The identification of risk factors facilitates the development and implementation of preventive programs.     

胰岛素抵抗与脑卒中关系的临床研究

目的　探讨胰岛素抵抗 (IR)与脑卒中的关系。方法　 94例脑卒中患者分为动脉粥样硬化血栓性脑梗死组 (ATI,34例 ) ,腔隙性脑梗死组 (LI,2 5例 ) ,脑出血组 (ICH,35例 ) ;测定其空腹血糖 (FPG)和餐前、餐后C 肽及胰岛素浓度 ,计算其胰岛素敏感性指数 (ISI) ,并与对照组对比研究。结果　ATI组及LAC组的ISI显著低于对照组 (P<0 0 5 ) ,ICH组的ISI与对照组无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。脑卒中的IR主要见于肥胖或甘油三脂 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、尿酸 (UA)、载脂蛋白B(APO B)、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)等生化指标中有三项以上异常的患者 (占39 4 % )。结论　IR与脑卒中有密切关系 ,提示通过饮食、运动、药物等方法在大宗人群进行降低IR的早期干预 ,不仅对现代常见代谢病 ,而且对脑卒中会有积极的预防作用。     

A biopsychosocial investigation of changes in self-concept on the Head Injury Semantic Differential Scale

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the “good-old-days” bias, neuropsychological functioning and cued recall of life events on self-concept change. Forty seven adults with TBI (70% male, 1–5 years post-injury) and 47 matched controls rated their past and present self-concept on the Head Injury Semantic Differential Scale (HISD) III. TBI participants also completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. The matched control group of 47 were from a sample of 78 uninjured participants who were randomised to complete either the Social Readjustment Rating Scale—Revised (cued recall) or HISD (non-cued recall) first. Consistent with the good-old-days bias, participants with TBI rated their pre-injury self-concept as more positive than their present self-concept and the present self-concept of controls (p?p?p?<?.01) after controlling for negative affect. The cued recall group rated their past self-concept as significantly more negative than the non-cued group (p?相似文献   

阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆患者血浆SOD、CHE浓度和认知功能

目的通过石杉碱甲治疗痴呆,探讨血浆胆碱酯酶（CHE）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）浓度变化与认知功能改善的关系。方法对符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的阿尔茨海默病（简称AD）39例,血管性痴呆（简称VaD）37例,随机分为石杉碱甲治疗组44例,对照组32例,在入组前、观察第2、4、8及12周时,测定其血浆胆碱酯酶（CHE）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）浓度及简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）。结果治疗12周时,治疗组的CHE血浆浓度明显低于对照组[（209.2±51.4）mg/L,（282.9±49.7）mg/L,t=6.26,P〈0.01],治疗组SOD血浆浓度明显高于对照组[（206.2±29.4）mmol/L,（167.6±27.7）mmol/L,t=-5.80,P〈0.01];其中,治疗组内,VaD患者比AD患者的血浆SOD浓度高[（228.0±24.3）mmol/L,（196.0±26.0）mmol/L,t=-3.99,P〈0.01]、MMSE评分改善明显（20.1±5.8,15.6±5.6,t=-3.48,P〈0.01）,差异有显著的统计学意义。结论不同的痴呆病因可能具有不同的抗氧化物代谢过程,胆碱酯酶抑制剂（石杉碱甲）治疗血管性痴呆的效果优于治疗阿尔茨海默病。     

精神分裂症的家庭负担调查研究

目的评价精神分裂症的家庭负担情况。方法采用家庭负担会谈量表（familyinter-viewscheduleFIS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）及焦虑自评量表（SAS）和自编量表为工具,符合ICD-10诊断标准的精神分裂症患者共900例,其中15例资料不完整者被剔除,余下885例中,男性534例,女性351例,调查其家庭照料及经济负担情况。结果照料者的负担明显,精神分裂症患者FIS的家庭经济负担、家庭日常活动、家庭休闲娱乐活动、家庭成员心理健康4个因子的阳性回答率较高,均超过60％,家庭成员生理健康、家庭关系两个因子的阳性回答率较低,均低于40％,男性患者照料者其家庭娱乐活动所受影响比女性患者照料者明显;男性患者照料者感到负担重,且直接照料时间越长,负担越重;885例患者亲属SAS的均分为（49．76±9．25）,明显高于正常人,经统计学处理两者有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,SDS均分为（51．27±9．97）,明显高于正常人,经统计学处理有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论精神分裂症造成严重的家庭和经济负担,应作为干预的对象,患者亲属焦虑、抑郁情绪明显高于正常人群。     

Social media use and the not-so-imaginary audience: Behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying the influence on self-concept

We investigated behavioral and neural mechanisms in the relation between social media use (SMU) and self-concept, as well as longitudinal developmental outcomes. Adolescents and young adults (N = 150, 11–21 years old at T1) rated themselves on 60 traits in the academic, physical and prosocial domain, and also indicated how they thought peers would judge them (reflected-peer-judgements). Longitudinal questionnaires (1- and 2-year follow-up) were collected to assess positive (prosocial behavior, self-concept clarity) and negative (clinical symptoms) long-term outcomes.Results indicated that heavier self-reported SMU was linked with lower difference scores between self-judgements and reflected-peer-judgements. Lower SMU was related to more positive ratings from self-judgements vs. reflected-peer-judgements. SMU was also associated with less positive self-concept, particularly in the academic domain (boys and girls) and physical domain (girls). Neurally, increased SMU was linked to heightened mPFC-activity during self-judgements compared to reflected-peer-judgements, and increased activity during physical compared to academic and prosocial self-judgements. Longitudinal analyses indicated no evidence for long-term effects of social media use, self/reflected-peer-difference scores and mPFC-activity on clinical symptoms, prosocial behavior or self-concept clarity. This study highlights the complex relationship between social media use and wellbeing and future research is needed to confirm the lack of long-term effects.     

原发性高血压患者的述情障碍研究

目的探讨原发性高血压患者的述情障碍情况.方法以多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)对69例原发性高血压患者进行测评并与正常人作对照.结果高血压患者TAS总分为(74.06±8.77)分,明显高于对照组(66.06±6.38)分,因子分中以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ因子为显著,男,女患者之间无差异.结论述情障碍常见于原发性高血压患者,临床医师应预以重视.     

The association between parental attributions of misbehavior and parenting practices in caregivers raising children with prenatal alcohol exposure: A mixed-methods study

Background and aimsLimited research has focused on parenting practices used by caregivers raising children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The current study hypothesized that parental attributions of children’s misbehavior would relate to the parenting strategies caregivers utilize with children with FASD. This study also aimed to develop a coding scheme to allow quantification of these treatment-relevant constructs in future intervention trials.MethodsThirty-one caregivers of children with FASD (age 4–8) were interviewed with the Parenting Practices Interview (PPI), a study-developed qualitative interview. Quantitative measures of FASD knowledge, parenting sense of competence and stress, and child behavior problems were included. Mixed-method analyses assessed the relationship between parental attributions of misbehavior and parenting practices.ResultsCaregivers who attributed their child’s misbehavior to underlying neurodevelopmental disabilities were more likely to use antecedent strategies and feel more confident in managing their child’s behavior. Parents who attributed their child’s misbehavior to willful disobedience were more likely to rely on consequence strategies and feel more ineffective.ConclusionsResults are consistent with theoretical models for FASD parent training interventions. Assessment of theorized mechanisms of change in intervention trials is needed; the development of the PPI and quantitative coding system will facilitate this type of research.     

农村留守未成年人应付方式与心理健康的相关性研究

目的了解铜陵市农村留守未成年人的应付方式与心理健康的关系,为其进行心理健康教育提供依据。方法整群抽取铜陵县三所中学,共243名14～17岁初、高中学生(男生137人,女生106人),其中留守未成年人110人。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和应付方式问卷进行调查。结果留守未成年人的SCL-90症状及强迫、抑郁、焦虑、人际关系、偏执等因子分显著高于非留守未成年人;在应付方式上留守未成年人更多采用自责、幻想和退避等消极的应付方式。结论农村留守未成年人存在显著心理问题,更多采用消极的应付方式。因此,应采取针对性的心理健康教育及有效的心理干预措施,以缓解留守未成年人的心理压力。     

脑梗死早期智能障碍与脑影像学改变关系分析

目的　探讨脑梗死患者智能障碍与脑影像学及其它因素之间的关系。方法　应用韦氏智力量表对经CT证实的 16 6例脑梗死患者进行神经心理学检查。对比分析其智能障碍的发生与性别、年龄、文化程度、脑梗死灶的部位、体积、是否伴发皮层萎缩或皮层下变性影像学结果的关系。结果　92例出现智能障碍 ,其中轻度 46例 ,中度 2 1例 ,重度 2 5例。智能障碍与其梗死体积呈明显正相关 ,与各皮层及皮层下萎缩因子呈明显负相关 ,与文化程度呈明显负相关。结论　智能障碍的发生与梗死体积 ,慢性脑循环障碍所致皮层及皮层下病理改变 ,以及文化程度的差异等多种因素有