用于被动肺靶向的异烟肼明胶微球的制备及表征

目的 用生物可降解材料明胶制备肺靶向异烟肼明胶微球。方法 用乳化法制备异烟肼明胶微球,正交试验优化其制备的因素;用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和红外光谱法(IR)确证微球的形成;用正置荧光显微镜观察微球的形态;并对异烟肼明胶微球的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率和稳定性等进行研究。结果 最佳工艺条件,重现性好,微球形态圆整,药物确己存于微球中;粒径在5.0~25.0 μm的微球占总数的90%以上,平均粒径为15.63 μm,达到肺靶向要求;载药量和包封率分别为14.93%和73.30%。常温放置6个月,其外观形态、大小及含量基本不变。结论 制备异烟肼明胶微球的工艺简单稳定,可用于肺靶向注射剂的研究。     

异烟肼明胶微球的制备

目的　制备异烟肼肺靶向明胶微球。方法　以天然可生物降解的明胶为载体材料 ,蓖麻油为油相 ,乳化法制备异烟肼明胶微球。结果　微球形态圆整 ,大小均匀 ,包封率为 46 .5 % ,载药量为 1 7.2 %。 6～ 2 6μm的微球占总数的 88.2 % ,常温放置 6个月 ,其含量、外观形态与大小基本不变。结论　本法制备的微球大部分粒径在 7～ 3 0 μm,可达到浓集于肺部的粒径要求     

肺靶向贝母素甲明胶微球的制备

目的制备肺靶向贝母素甲明胶微球,并对其理化性质进行考察。方法采用乳化—化学交联法制备贝母素甲明胶微球;采用光学显微镜对微球形态、粒度分布等进行考察;利用柱前衍生HPLC方法测微球的包封率和载药量;利用透析法考察微球体外释药特性。结果在光学显微镜下观察,微球呈球形,表面光滑,很少黏连,平均粒径10.72μm,粒径在5～25μm范围内的微球占总数的85.8%,载药量为5.128%,包封率为66.35%,体外释药具有缓释特征。结论微球的粒径、形态、载药量和包封率、体外释药性能等基本符合肺部靶向的要求。     

肺靶向硫酸链霉素明胶微球的制备

目的:用生物可降解材料明胶制备肺靶向硫酸链霉素明胶微球.方法:用乳化法制备微球,正交试验设计考察影响制备工艺的因素,用扫描电子显微镜观察微球表面形态,用红外光谱分析确证含药微球的形成.并对所制备的硫酸链霉素明胶微球的粒径及其分布、载药量、包封率、稳定性等进行了研究.结果:微球形态圆整,药物确己存于微球中.微球的平均粒径为12.269 μm,粒径在5.0～25.0 μm的微球占总数的91.5%,达到肺靶向要求.载药量为42.6%,包封率为53.8%.最佳工艺条件重现性好.经37℃、RH75%放置3个月,其含量、外观形态及大小基本不变.结论:该微球制备工艺稳定,可用于肺靶向注射剂的研究.     

异烟肼肺靶向性微球的制备及其小鼠体内分布

目的：制备异烟肼肺靶向性微球,评价其体外释药特性及在动物体内的肺靶向性。方法：采用溶剂挥发法制备微球,动态透析法考察其体外释药性能,实验动物静脉注射后测定其各组织的药物浓度,研究其体内相对分布百分率及肺靶向性。结果：制得的微球粒径在7～30μm的占微球总数的88．8％,平均粒径为（16.7±4．6）μm,包封率为86．92％,载药量为（40．7±3.6）％（n=5）,体外释药T50为68min,轻对照组延长了4.5倍。动物实验表明,制得微球后,药物在肺内的相对分布百分率明显高于其它组织与血液,并轻对照组提高了4倍。结论：本法制得的异烟肼微球具有明显的缓释性及肺靶向性。     

卡铂肺靶向明胶微球的实验研究

目的：研制卡铂肺靶向微球。方法：用乳化法制备卡铂微球，正交试验设计考察影响制备工艺的因素。体外长烃药试验研究其缓释性，以微球在家兔的体内分布初步考察其靶向性。结果：所制备微球88.6%的粒径在5-25μm。药物包封率为79.2%。8小时体外药物累积释放百分率达95%并有良好的靶向性。结论：用乳化法制备的卡铂肺靶向微球有良好的应用研究前景。     

肺靶向卡铂明胶微球的研究

目的:为提高卡铂的疗效,降低毒副作用,制备了该药的明胶微球。方法:用乳化法制备卡铂明胶微球,紫外分光光度法测定药物的含量,二阶导数法测定体外释药情况;用静脉注射肿瘤细胞建立了肺肿瘤模型,计算瘤结节数来考察疗效。结果:卡铂明胶微球平均粒径为13-20 μm ,粒径范围5-0～28-6 μm 的微球数占总数的91-8% 。微球平均载药量为23-76%(n=3) 。冰箱、室温和37℃,RH75% 考察3个月,几乎无变化,体外释药符合一级动力学规律,释药T_1/2 比原药延长约10倍。药效学实验表明,卡铂明胶微球对小鼠肺部S180肿瘤生长有明显的抑制作用,抑瘤作用较原药卡铂大大提高。结论:卡铂明胶微球在体内有良好的肺靶向性,对提高药物的疗效,降低药物毒副作用等方面有重大意义。     

肺靶向米托蒽醌明胶微球的研究

采用二步法制备米托蒽醌明胶微球,球径范围为5.1～25.0μm的占总数87.36%,体外释药与原药相比t1/2延长4倍,DTA曲线上的特征吸热峰为133℃,经37℃,RH75%考察3月,几乎无变化。经小鼠体内分布试验表明具有明显的肺靶向性,靶向效率增加3～35倍,肺中药代动力学行为可用一室开放模型描述,平均滞留时间延长10h。     

双氯芬酸钠明胶微球的制备

目的：对双氯芬酸钠明胶微球的处方及制备工艺进行初步研究。方法：以生物降解材料明胶为载体,采用乳化交联法制备双氯芬酸钠明胶微球;单因素考察的基础上,利用正交实验设计筛选最佳处方和工艺;建立紫外分光光度法测定微囊中恩诺沙星的包封率和载药量的方法。结果：所制备的双氯芬酸钠明胶微球外形圆整,大小均匀,载药量为2.05%,包封率为37.67%。结论：获得较为满意的双氯芬酸钠明胶微球。     

阿霉素磁性明胶微球的制备及特性研究

采用乳化－交联技术制备阿霉素磁性明胶微球，并用荧光分光光度法测定磁性微球中的药量。用原子吸收分光光度法测定磁性微球中磁铁粒子的含量。用振动样品磁强计测定磁性微球的磁性。同时测定了微球粒径大小与分布。     

紫杉醇壳聚糖肺靶向微球的制备

目的研制具有肺靶向性的紫杉醇壳聚糖微球,并对处方工艺进行优化。方法以壳聚糖为载体,采用乳化一化学交联法制备紫杉醇壳聚糖微球。单因素试验考察了油／水体积比、紫杉醇浓度、乳化时间、乳化剂量等因素,采用正交设计优化微球制备工艺,以HPLC法测定微球载药量、包封率。结果制得的微球显微观察形态圆整、表面光滑,无黏连;平均粒径为（8．23±0．25）μm,粒径在7～12μm平均占微球总数的84．2％,载药量为16．20％±1．15％,包封率为81．29％±1．62％。结论筛选的最佳处方工艺制备的微球粒径大小适宜,可满足肺靶向微球的要求并免除过敏试剂的加入。     

叶酸-多聚糖复合物海藻酸钙肺靶向微球处方工艺的优化

用单因素考察和均匀设计筛选叶酸-多聚糖复合物肺靶向海藻酸钙微球的最佳处方工艺;考察了微球的体外释药特性和稳定性.按最佳工艺制得的微球形态圆整,粒径在5～20μm范围内,分散性好,体外累积释放率-时间方程为1-Q=0.2941e-0.0331t 0.2820e-0.00085t(r=-0.9905),微球临界相对湿度为72%,存放在4℃和25℃条件下稳定.     

氧化葡聚糖交联明胶微球的制备及性质

用高碘酸钠氧化葡聚糖作为交联剂 ,以乳化法制得氧化葡聚糖交联明胶微球 ,与同法制得的明胶微球进行比较。光学显微镜下观察两种微球的粒径和加水溶胀后的变化 ,并初步考察其体外释药特征。结果显示两种微球均外观圆整 ,粒径分别为 (11.0 2± 4 .88) μm和 (12 .2 5± 4 .4 6 ) μm,加水溶胀后粒径分别为 (32 .6 9± 9.0 7) μm和 (6 7.31±2 1.97) μm,溶胀程度分别为 2 .96和 5 .4 9倍。药物 L FY在两种微球中 2 h的累积释放率分别为 5 1%和 97%。表明氧化葡聚糖交联明胶能降低微球溶胀程度 ,明显减缓药物释放 ,是一种较有前途的微球骨架材料。     

肺靶向多西紫杉醇壳聚糖微球的制备与工艺优化

目的：研制肺靶向多西紫杉醇壳聚糖微球,并对处方工艺进行筛选。方法：以壳聚糖为载体,采用乳化-化学交联法制备多西紫杉醇壳聚糖微球。在单因素考察的基础上,利用正交试验设计优化微球制备工艺,采用HPLC法测定微球的载药量与包封产率。结果：制得的微球显微观察形态圆整、表面光滑,无粘连;平均粒径为（8．63±0．27）μm,粒径7—12μm的微球平均占总数的83．5％,载药量为（25．01±1．80）％,包封产率为（85．54±2．21）％。结论：筛选的最佳处方工艺制备的微球粒径大小适宜,可满足肺靶向微球的要求;该制剂有可能成为临床肺部肿瘤治疗的一种靶向制剂。     

肺靶向海藻酸钙微球体内外溶蚀行为的探讨

采用乳化法制备肺靶向海藻酸钙微球,制品平均粒径(12.2±8.9)μm,在注射用水中的溶胀率约150%,在生理盐水中24h累积溶蚀率约60%.小鼠尾静脉注射微球后肺靶向效果显著,5min时肺组织中充斥微球,6h时可见微球溶蚀.     

异烟肼缓释固体分散体的制备及其体外评价

目的制备异烟肼缓释固体分散体,考察其分散状态和体外溶出速率。方法以水不溶性聚合物乙基纤维素为载体,用溶剂法制备异烟肼缓释固体分散体。采用X射线衍射法、差示扫描量热法和红外光谱法鉴别药物在固体分散体中的存在状态,并对其体外释放情况进行研究。结果 X射线衍射法表明异烟肼在固体分散体中有一部分是以分子状态分散,而另一部分可能以微晶体状态分散;差示扫描量热法表明所制备的缓释固体分散体中不存在药物结晶;红外光谱法结果表明异烟肼与乙基纤维素未发生化学反应;溶出度试验结果表明其具有良好的缓释效果。结论采用溶剂法制备的异烟肼缓释固体分散体可以使药物达到高度分散状态,制备的异烟肼缓释固体分散体具有较好的缓释效果。     

阿霉素明胶微球的制备与特性研究

目的 :对动脉栓塞阿霉素明胶微球 (ADM GMS)的制备工艺及特性进行初步研究。方法 :以生物降解材料明胶为载体 ,采用乳化化学交联法制备含阿霉素的明胶微球 ,并进行家兔胃左动脉栓塞 ,分别于术后 1周至 4周内作栓塞观察。结果 :所制备的阿霉素明胶微球外形圆整 ,平均粒径为 6 2 .74μm ,载药量为2 1.78μg·mg-1,包封率为 6 7.43% ,体外释药和动物胃左动脉栓塞基本符合要求。结论 :阿霉素明胶微球有望成为临床用动脉栓塞术治疗胃癌的新给药制剂。     

Passive targeting and lung tolerability of enoxaparin microspheres for a sustained antithrombotic activity in rats

Pulmonary bed can retain microparticles (MP) larger than their capillaries’ diameter, hence we offer a promising way for lung passive targeting following intravenous (IV) administration. In this study, enoxaparin (Enox)-albumin microspheres (Enox-Alb MS) were, optimally, developed as lung targeted sustained release MP for IV use. Lung tolerability and targeting efficiency of Enox-Alb MS were tested, and the pharmacokinetic profile following IV administration to albino rats was constructed. In vivo studies confirmed high lung targeting efficiency of Enox-Alb MS with lack of potential tissue toxicity. The anticoagulant activity of the selected Alb MS was significantly sustained for up to 38?h compared to 5?h for the market product. Alb MS are promising delivery carriers for controlled and targeted delivery of Enox to the lungs for prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary embolism.     

Enhancing the Pharmaceutical Behavior of Nateglinide by Cocrystallization: Physicochemical Assessment of Cocrystal Formation and Informed Use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Its Quantitative Characterization

The aim of this study was to synthetize cocrystals of nateglinide, an antidiabetic agent of biopharmaceutics classification system Class IIa, as a strategy to improve both the solubility and the dissolution rate of the drug. Benzamide was selected by a screening procedure as a suitable coformer, and binary mixtures with different compositions were prepared and analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An in-depth analysis of DSC data allowed obtaining both the eutectic mixture and cocrystal compositions. The rationale of such an analysis was highlighted and explained. Cocrystals were prepared by kneading and solvent evaporation. Their formation was proved by DSC and confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The functional groups involved in the interaction leading to cocrystals formation were investigated by spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro dissolution profiles show that cocrystals have definite better pharmaceutical performances than the pure drug.     

Understanding the Increased Aggregation Propensity of a Light-Exposed IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody Using Hydrogen Exchange Mass Spectrometry,Biophysical Characterization,and Structural Analysis

This work compares the conformational stability, backbone flexibility, and aggregation propensity of monomer and dimer fractions of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) generated on UVA light exposure for up to 72 h collected by preparative size-exclusion chromatography, compared with unstressed control. UVA light exposure induced covalent aggregation, and fragmentation as measured by size-exclusion chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and extensive oxidation of specific methionine residues (Met 257, Met 433, and Met 109) in both size fractions identified by reverse phase chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Compared with unstressed mAb, both the monomer and dimer fractionated from 72 h UVA light–exposed mAb had decreased thermal melting temperatures (T_m1) by 1.4°C as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, minor changes in tertiary structure as measured by near-UV CD, increased monomer loss, and aggregation on accelerated storage at 35°C. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry identified local segments with increased flexibility in C_H2 and C_H3 domains of both size fractions, and decreased flexibility in few segments of F_ab and C_H1 domains in the dimer fraction. Segment 247-256 in heavy chain, an established aggregation hotspot in IgG1 mAbs had large increase in flexibility in both size fractions compared with unstressed mAb.