首次住院治疗鼻咽癌病人应对方式和社会支持的相关性分析

[目的]探讨首次住院治疗鼻咽癌病人应对方式和社会支持的相关性.[方法]采用Jalowiec应对量表、肖水源的社会支持量表对入住放疗三区的150例鼻咽癌病人进行问卷调查.[结果]不同人群特征的鼻咽癌病人首次住院治疗期间所采取的应对方式不同：男性多采用逃避、情感应对方式;老年人多采用听天由命应对方式;文化程度高者多采用面对、乐观应对方式;自费病人多采用逃避应对方式;医保病人多采用支持应对方式.面对、乐观、支持应对方式与社会支持呈正相关;逃避、听天由命、情感应对方式与社会支持呈负相关.[结论]良好的社会支持有助于鼻咽癌病人在住院治疗期间采取积极的应对方式面对疾病、配合治疗.     

银屑病患者社交回避及苦恼与应对方式社会支持相关性的研究

目的了解银屑病患者社交回避及苦恼与应对方式和社会支持的一般状况及其相关性。方法运用一般资料问卷、特质应对方式问卷、社会支持量表、社交回避及苦恼量表,对2012年3—10月住院的102例银屑病患者进行问卷调查,采用Pearson相关性分析法进行相关性分析。结果银屑病患者社交回避及苦恼得分为(14.20±7.17)分,显著高于常模(P0.01),消极应对得分与社交回避及苦恼总分呈正相关(r=0.377,P0.01);社会支持总分以及积极应对、主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度的得分与社交回避及苦恼总分呈负相关(r分别为-0.394、-0.217、-0.291、-0.449、-0.196,P0.01或P0.05)。结论银屑病患者的应对方式和社会支持与患者社交回避及苦恼密切相关,应鼓励患者采取积极应对的方式并增强其社会支持系统,从而改善患者的社交回避及苦恼。     

全喉切除患者癌因性疲乏护理干预的效果观察

目的探讨全喉切除患者癌因性疲乏的护理干预方法及效果。方法2004年35例全喉切除患者接受常规护理,作为对照组。2005年成立护理干预质控小组,对观察组35例全喉切除癌因性疲乏患者,除常规护理外,由专职主管护师进行系统的癌因性疲乏护理干预。比较两组的癌因性疲乏状况、生存质量、特质应对方式、自我护理能力。结果入院第2天,两组患者疲乏程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后第15天,观察组疲乏程度低于对照组,生存质量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。特质应对方式比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);自我护理能力比较除自我责任感外,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组均优于对照组。结论认知干预、社会心理支持、早期有氧锻炼等护理干预与术前肠内免疫营养,可以消除或缓解疲乏程度,提高患者的生存质量。     

中青年与老年冠心病患者应对方式及社会支持的比较研究

目的探讨中青年与老年冠心病患者应对方式及社会支持的差异。方法采用一般情况调查表、简易应对方式问卷及社会支持评定量表对158例首发冠心病患者进行问卷调查。结果老年组冠心病患者消极应对为（11．5205±3．4525）分,社会支持为（38．1096±6．8426）分,与中青年组比较有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）;冠心病患者的客观支持、主观支持及社会支持与积极应对呈正相关,与消极应对呈负相关。结论中青年与老年冠心病患者的应对方式及社会支持存在差异,应针对性地对不同人群进行健康教育,面对生活事件应激时要采用正确的、积极的应对方式,有效利用社会网络以获得更多的社会支持,尤其重视老年人的社会支持。     

Trajectories of Fatigue,Psychological Distress,and Coping Styles After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A 6-Month Prospective Cohort Study

ObjectiveTo analyze fatigue after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) with latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to determine distinct recovery trajectories and investigate influencing factors, including emotional distress and coping styles.DesignAn observational cohort study design with validated questionnaires assessing fatigue, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and coping at 2 weeks and 3 and 6 months postinjury.SettingThree level 1 trauma centers.ParticipantsPatients with mild TBI (N=456).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresFatigue was measured with the fatigue severity subscale of the Checklist Individual Strength, including 8 items (sum score, 8-56). Subsequently, 3 clinical categories were created: high (score, 40-56), moderate (score, 26-38), and low (score, 8-25).ResultsFrom the entire mild TBI group, 4 patient clusters with distinct patterns for fatigue, emotional distress, and coping styles were found with LCGA. Clusters 1 and 2 showed favorable recovery from fatigue over time, with low emotional distress and the predominant use of active coping in cluster 1 (30%) and low emotional distress and decreasing passive coping in cluster 2 (25%). Clusters 3 and 4 showed unfavorable recovery, with persistent high fatigue and increasing passive coping together with low emotional distress in cluster 3 (27%) and high emotional distress in cluster 4 (18%). Patients with adverse trajectories were more often women and more often experiencing sleep disturbances and pain.ConclusionsThe prognosis for recovery from posttraumatic fatigue is favorable for 55% of mild TBI patients. Patients at risk for chronic fatigue can be signaled in the acute phase postinjury based on the presence of high fatigue, high passive coping, and, for a subgroup of patients, high emotional distress. LCGA proved to be a highly valuable and multipurpose statistical method to map distinct courses of disease-related processes over time.     

艾滋病患者感知歧视度及其与抑郁、社会支持和应对方式的相关性

目的 探讨艾滋病患者感知歧视度现状,分析其与抑郁、社会支持和应对方式的的相关性.方法 采用便利抽样法选取2019年1月—2020年3月于本院就诊的160例艾滋病患者,并采用一般资料调查表、感知歧视度量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、医疗社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷调查并分析AIDS患者感知歧视度的影响因素.结果 160例AID...     

The relationship between function, quality of life and coping in patients with low-grade gliomas

Objectives The principal aim of the study was to describe function, quality of life and coping with illness-related problems in patients with low-grade gliomas (LGG), to evaluate the need of support. A second aim was to investigate how function, quality of life and coping were related.Materials and methods Thirty-nine patients with a diagnosis of LGG answered the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ). The patients’ level of function was assessed in accordance with the WHO performance status scale.Results and discussion Nearly all patients were capable of self-care, but less than half were able to carry out normal activities without restriction. Problems with fatigue, sleep disturbances and pain were most frequent. Most difficulties were reported in the domains, Role, Cognitive and Emotional functioning. Seventeen patients (45%) had scores indicating low overall quality of life. Ratings of overall quality of life and fatigue had the strongest relationship. The trend in the results suggested that mental problems have a stronger impact on quality of life than physical ones. Emotion-focused coping dominated. There was a significant relationship between coping by escape-avoidance and lower level of emotional functioning.Conclusions The results of this study indicate that a multidisciplinary team is needed for assessment and treatment of the different problems in patients with LGG. Furthermore, special attention should be paid to patients who use coping by escape-avoidance, as this is associated with emotional distress.     

冠心病病人家属应对方式相关因素的调查研究

[目的]探讨冠心病病人家属疾病应对方式的相关因素并提出干预措施,以帮助其建立积极的应对方式,提高对病人的照护能力,最终改善冠心病病人的生存质量.[方法]采用简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)和疾病不确定感家属量表-中文版(PPUS-FM-CV)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对62名冠心病病人家属进行问卷调查.[结果]冠心病病人家属积极应对方式得分显著低于常模;不同年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入的冠心病病人家属应对方式得分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);疾病不确定感、社会支持系统与应对方式存在相关关系,其中病人家属对支持的利用度、主观支持及疾病不确定性有较强的预测作用.[结论]冠心病病人家属尚未建立积极的应对方式,病人家属人口学特征如年龄、文化程度,家庭月收入影响家属的应对方式;降低其疾病不确定感、提高社会支持水平是建立积极应对方式的重要内容.     

Social support and coping style of Tongqi in China: A cross-sectional study

Tongqi (gays' wives) in China were under tremendous distress and social pressure due to their special identities and were not clearly known. A sample of 179 Chinese Tongqi were recruited through online social media groups in 2017–2018. Their hidden lives, social support, and coping styles were analyzed. The results showed that the majority of Tongqi concealed their identities, had negative responses to cope with their tremendous distress, and did not have sufficient social support. Their social support was mainly from family members. Hidden identities obstructed Tongqi's access to extrafamilial social support that could alleviate their distress. Tongqi need more social support and protection.     

癌症初期放、化疗患者生活质量的影响因素及护理对策

目的研究影响癌症初期放、化疗患者生活质量的因素，探讨提高其生活质量的护理对策。方法采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织的生活质量核心量表（EORTC quality of life core questionnaire，EORTC QLQ-C30）、社会支持量表、医学应对问卷及自制问卷对78例癌症初期放、化疗患者进行调查。结果癌症的种类、性别、年龄、文化程度、居住地等因素对癌症初期放、化疗患者的生活质量均有影响（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；屈服应对策略会降低患者的社会功能及整体健康状况（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），回避的应对策略会降低患者的躯体功能，但增强其整体健康状况（P〈0.05，P〈0．01）；能有效利用社会支持的患者角色功能及躯体功能较好（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论应针对癌症初期放、化疗患者的年龄、性别、文化程度、居住地、疾病种类等进行健康教育及护理干预，如避免使用屈服的应对方式、适当使用回避的应对策略、正确看待他人提供的客观支持、努力寻求和利用社会支持等。     

冠心病病人家属应对方式相关因素的调查研究

[目的]探讨冠心病病人家属疾病应对方式的相关因素并提出干预措施,以帮助其建立积极的应对方式,提高对病人的照护能力,最终改善冠心病病人的生存质量。[方法]采用简易应对方式量表（SCSQ）和疾病不确定感家属量表-中文版（PPUS-FM-CV）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）对62名冠心病病人家属进行问卷调查。[结果]冠心病病人家属积极应对方式得分显著低于常模;不同年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入的冠·心病病人家属应对方式得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;疾病不确定感、社会支持系统与应对方式存在相关关系,其中病人家属对支持的利用度、主观支持及疾病不确定性有较强的预测作用。[结论]冠心病病人家属尚未建立积极的应对方式,病人家属人口学特征如年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入影响家属的应对方式;降低其疾病不确定感、提高社会支持水平是建立积极应对方式的重要内容。     

The effectiveness of coping strategies used by HIV-seropositive women

The effectiveness of active and passive coping strategies was examined in a sample of 264 women infected with HIV. Coping was measured concurrent with, and 3 months prior to, measurement of physical symptoms and emotional distress. Two causal models were tested: one for active coping and one for passive coping. Active coping strategies examined included seeking social support, managing the illness, and spiritual activities. Avoidance was used as an indicator of passive coping. In both models, physical symptoms and emotional distress were positively and significantly related. The findings indicated that, whereas current avoidance coping was not related to emotional distress, current active coping was positively related to physical symptoms and negatively related to emotional distress. The immediate effects of active coping appeared to serve a protective function in that emotional distress decreased with greater use of active coping, even as physical symptoms increased. Avoidance coping had no such protective effect for emotional distress. In addition, the use of avoidance coping decreased and active coping increased as physical symptoms increased, suggesting that active coping is more likely to be used with increasing levels of physical symptoms. The findings suggest that interventions that support attempts to use active coping strategies as physical symptoms increase may be effective in promoting positive adaptation to HIV disease. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 21: 351–362,1998     

乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者癌因性疲乏与社会支持相关性的研究

目的调查乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者癌因性疲乏的状况,并分析乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者癌因性疲乏与社会支持的相关性。方法采用Piper疲乏量表和社会支持评定量表对某市3所三级甲等医院的203例乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者进行问卷调查。结果 95.57%的患者存在癌因性疲乏,处于中度疲乏程度;社会支持及主观支持、对社会支持的利用度与整体疲乏及各维度呈负相关,客观支持与情感维度呈负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌术后辅助化疗患者癌因性疲乏的发生率较高,应提高对癌因性疲乏的重视,加强社会支持,提高患者的生活质量。     

肺结核患者应对方式和社会支持的研究

目的调查肺结核患者的应对方式和社会支持水平,并比较不同人口学特征肺结核患者的应对方式、社会支持状况。方法按确诊登记顺序连续抽取250例新发痰涂片阳性的肺结核患者,选用特质应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表进行问卷调查。结果80．40％的肺结核患者积极应对方式得分处于中低水平,26．40％的患者消极应对方式得分处于高水平;肺结核患者高水平的主观支持占27．20％,低水平的客观支持、支持利用度分别占90．80％、100．00％,而患者高水平的社会支持总分仅占4．00％;婚姻状况和性别是主要影响因素。结论肺结核患者多采用消极应对方式,社会支持度低,其中未（离）婚患者为社会支持较低人群。应采取措施减少情绪应激、避免消极应对和增强社会支持,尤其注意未（离）婚患者的心理状况,以促进肺结核的控制。     

烧伤患者主观幸福感与社会支持、应对方式的相关性分析

目的 探讨烧伤患者主观幸福感与社会支持及其主观应对方式的相关分析.方法 采用主观幸福感指数量表、社会支持评定量表和医学应对问卷对150例烧伤患者进行问卷调查.结果 150例患者总体幸福感指数（26.96±13.91）分,总体情感指数（24.03±12.51）分,总体生活满意度（2.93±1.63）分.幸福感指数与情感指数、生活满意度的相关性较高（P＜0.01）.幸福感指数、情感指数、生活满意度与社会支持各维度呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与应对方式的面对和屈服（接受）维度呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与回避维度无相关（P＞0.05）.结论 社会支持、积极的应对方式（面对、接受）是影响烧伤患者主观幸福感的重要因素.     

A systematic review of the relationships among psychosocial factors and coping in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus contributes to poor health outcomes including mortality, yet there is a gap in the literature when seeking to understand the influence of psychosocial factors on coping in this population. The paper presents a systematic review of quantitative studies that examined relationships among psychosocial determinants and coping in adults with type 2 diabetes. This review is the second layer of knowledge discovery for the concept, “Taking on a life-altering change is a rhythmical journey of experiencing ups and downs on the way to acceptance.” The life-altering change was determined to be a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, the journey is the ups and downs of coping with the diagnosis as people work toward acceptance of type 2 diabetes. The review includes a synthesis of findings from 22 quantitative studies of psychosocial factors and coping in adults with type 2 diabetes. Anxiety, depression, stress, and diabetes distress were identified as key influential psychosocial factors. Increased social support was inversely related to emotional distress and coping styles were related to social well-being, psychological health, and physical health outcomes. The positive coping style of problem-focused coping was linked to improved psychological and physical health. Emotional responses to diagnosis were related to depression and anxiety. Negative coping styles of resignation, protest, or isolation were higher in women and linked to poorer quality of life, while avoidance was linked to increased diabetes-related distress and depressive symptoms.     

Situationally influenced tinnitus coping strategies: a mixed methods approach

Abstract

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to identify coping strategies used to manage problematic tinnitus situations. A secondary aim was to determine whether different approaches were related to the level of tinnitus distress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia experienced.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey design was implemented. The study sample was adults interested in undertaking an Internet-based intervention for tinnitus. Self-reported measures assessed the level of tinnitus distress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. An open-ended question was used to obtain information about how problematic tinnitus situations were dealt with. Responses were investigated using qualitative content analysis to identify problematic situations. Further data analysis comprised of both qualitative and quantitative methods.

Results: There were 240 participants (137 males, 103 females), with an average age of 48.16 years (SD: 22.70). Qualitative content analysis identified eight problematic tinnitus situations. Participants had either habituated to their tinnitus (7.9%), used active (63.3%), or passive (28.8%) coping styles to manage these situations. Those who had habituated to tinnitus or used active coping strategies had lower levels of tinnitus distress, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusions: The main problematic tinnitus situations for this cohort were identified. Both active and passive coping styles were applied to approach these situations. The coping strategies used most frequently and utilised in the widest range of problematic situations were using sound enrichment and diverting attention.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• The main problematic tinnitus situations for this group of participants were identified.

• Overall, a limited range of strategies were used to deal with individual problematic situations. The use of sound enrichment and diverting attention was applied in the widest range of problematic situations.

• The use of both active and passive coping styles was evident to approach these situations. The use of passive strategies in certain situations was associated with higher levels of tinnitus distress, depression, and anxiety over the last week as measured by self-reported questionnaires.

     

Tumorbedingte Fatigue und ihre psychosozialen Belastungen

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a highly prevalent and the most distressing symptom during and after treatment for cancer. It is characterized by feelings of physical and mental tiredness, weakness, and lack of energy and is not influenced by rest or sleep. Approximately 40% of patients suffer from CRF at diagnosis and nearly all patients experience fatigue during the course of cancer therapy. The impact of CRF on daily living and patient quality of life (QoL) is substantial. It profoundly affects patient quality of life and limits personal, social and occupational roles. The fatigue is also associated with significant levels of distress and it imposes a financial burden by limiting the ability to work. The underlying causes of CRF are poorly understood as are the relationship between fatigue and psychosocial distress, depression or anxiety. This paper seeks to give an overview of cancer-related fatigue and its psychosocial burden.     

Cancer-related fatigue and its psychosocial burden

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a highly prevalent and the most distressing symptom during and after treatment for cancer. It is characterized by feelings of physical and mental tiredness, weakness, and lack of energy and is not influenced by rest or sleep. Approximately 40% of patients suffer from CRF at diagnosis and nearly all patients experience fatigue during the course of cancer therapy. The impact of CRF on daily living and patient quality of life (QoL) is substantial. It profoundly affects patient quality of life and limits personal, social and occupational roles. The fatigue is also associated with significant levels of distress and it imposes a financial burden by limiting the ability to work. The underlying causes of CRF are poorly understood as are the relationship between fatigue and psychosocial distress, depression or anxiety. This paper seeks to give an overview of cancer-related fatigue and its psychosocial burden.