喉部分切除术173例疗效观察

目的 :探讨喉部分切除术治疗喉癌的疗效。方法 :1 73例喉癌患者均行喉部分切除术 ,其中垂直半喉切除术 4 9例 ,水平半喉切除术 39例 ,额侧切除术 4例 ,保留会厌及甲状软骨板后 1 /3的扩大喉切除术 4 7例 ,喉近全切除术 (Pearson手术 ) 1 7例 ,喉近全切除环舌根吻合术 1 7例。结果 :1 6 8例恢复发音功能 ,1 4 5例 3个月内拔除气管套管。 3、5年生存率分别为 79.77%、6 9.94 % ,局部复发率为 1 8.5 0 %。结论 :进行喉部分切除一定要严格掌握各种术式的适应证 ,正确选择术式。在重建喉时 ,尽量恢复喉的发音、括约保护及呼吸功能     

胸舌骨肌瓣或舌骨-胸舌骨肌瓣用于垂直喉部分切除术后声带重建

目的：探讨垂直喉部分切除术后改善发声，恢复喉功能的修复手段，以提高喉癌患者术后的生存质量。方法：垂直喉部分切除术后，用患侧甲状软骨外膜修复上半喉腔缺损，取健侧胸舌骨肌瓣（或舌骨－胸舌骨肌瓣）修复下半喉腔缺损并重建声带。结果：修复的新喉腔呈三角形，重建的声带具有一定的张力并参与发声，恰似一侧居于正中位麻痹的声带，发声时由健侧声带代偿运动与新声带前2／3相互靠近。93．4％的患者发声近乎正常或自觉发声质量较术前明显好转。结论：垂直喉部分切除术后采用患侧甲状软骨外膜和健侧胸舌骨肌瓣（或舌骨－胸舌骨肌瓣）修复缺损并重建声带，方法简单，取材方便，创伤小，效果满意，可作为垂直喉部分切除术后声带重建的首选方法。     

带蒂皮瓣肌膜瓣修复喉次全切除组织缺损与喉功能重建

目的：探讨喉次全切除术后创面修复及喉功能的重建。方法：对33例喉癌患者行喉次全切除术。手术范围：切除舌骨，大部分甲状软骨板，会厌前间隙和声带、室带，保留一侧杓状软骨及一侧1／3甲状软骨板、1／3的声带。采用一侧的带蒂皮瓣、对侧带蒂的肌膜瓣修复创面和喉功能重建。结果：全部患者均恢复正常的呼吸、吞咽功能，93．9％拔除气管套管获得发声功能。随访2～5年，3例死于肿瘤以外的疾病，2例死于肿瘤多脏器转移。结论：喉次全切除术后，应用带蒂皮瓣和肌膜瓣修复创面，重建发声功能，具有取材方便、血运好、不易造成喉狭窄、缩短带管时间以及提高患者生存质量等优点。     

喉癌喉部分切除术后喉狭窄Ⅱ期喉重建术临床评价

目的使喉部分切除和扩大喉部分切除术后长期带管者去除气管套管,恢复喉的发音、呼吸、吞咽防护功能和正常颈部外观.方法对19例喉癌喉部分切除术后喉狭窄患者,应用颈前双蒂转门肌皮瓣等方法进行Ⅱ期喉重建术,其中包括垂直喉切除Ⅱ期喉重建术6例(6/19),扩大垂直喉切除术11例(11/19),额侧喉切除术2例(2/19).应用颈前双蒂转门肌皮瓣修复17例,胸骨舌骨肌瓣修复1例,胸锁乳突肌和筋膜修复1例.结果 3、5年生存率分别为91.7%(11/12)和3/5.19例中去除气管套管16例(其中包括2例行2次Ⅱ期喉重建术).总的气管套管拔出率为84.2%(16/19),应用转门肌皮瓣修复组拔管率为94.1%(16/17),胸骨舌骨肌瓣和胸锁乳突肌瓣修复组均未能拔管(0/2),拔管困难3例.术后全部患者能够发音,语言交流无困难.其中语音响亮清晰者为94.7%(18/19),重度声音嘶哑者为5.3%(1/19).全部患者恢复正常进食,绝大多数患者进食无误咽,2例初期进流食出现轻度误咽,1～2周误咽克服,恢复正常经口进食.结论中、晚期喉癌选择性地施行功能保全性喉手术是可行的;应用转门肌皮瓣进行Ⅱ期喉重建术,可使喉部分切除术后长期带管者去除气管套管,重新获得经口鼻呼吸和满意的发音、吞咽防护功能效果.     

单侧胸骨舌骨肌骨瓣在部分喉切除术后整复中的应用

目的：评价单侧胸骨舌骨肌瓣带舌骨在喉癌喉部分切除术后整复中的效果，探讨其在喉癌喉部分切除术后整复中应用的适应证。方法：回顾性分析73例单侧胸骨舌骨肌瓣带舌骨整复的喉癌患者的临床资料，分别归纳统计手术后进食情况、气管套管拔管率、发声情况以及生存率等，并对不同术式的拔管情况进行统计学分析。结果：总体3年生存率为79．5％，所有患者术后均可拔除胃管经口进食，平均12．9d；气管套管的总体拔管率为76．7％，但各种术式的拔管率有所不同，扩大垂直半喉切除术的拔管率明显低于其他术式；83．6％以上的患者术后发声可以满足日常言语交流。结论：带舌骨的胸骨舌骨肌瓣整复喉癌术后的拔管率、发声和吞咽功能的恢复均较为理想，其中拔管率与手术的术式有关，此种方法扩大了喉癌的切除安全界，较好地保证术后生存率，对于病变范围侧重于一侧的T3-4；病例可以取代全喉切除，是一种应用性较强的喉癌术后整复方法。     

声门型喉癌垂直喉部分切除术后修复方法探讨

目的 :研究声门型喉癌垂直部分喉切除术后修复方法。方法 :回顾性分析 5 8例声门癌行垂直或扩大垂直部分喉切除术的临床资料 ,总结各种修复术后喉功能恢复情况。结果 :术后 3、5年生存率分别为 87.2 %和80 .5 % ,总拔管率 93.1% ,全部患者均获得不同程度的发音功能 ;误吸 3例 ,全部恢复经口进食。结论 :声门型喉癌术后修复方法主要根据患者病变切除范围而定 ,对于病变切除小者选用带状肌瓣修复最理想 ,对于切除范围大者 ,则用鼻中隔软骨作支架 ;若为次全喉切除 ,则选用 Tucker术式。     

胸骨舌骨肌瓣在垂直喉部分切除声带重建中的应用

目的评价胸骨舌骨肌瓣在垂直喉部分切除声带重建中的应用效果.方法21例声门癌患者,行垂直喉部分切除术,并应用单蒂胸骨舌骨肌瓣行声带重建.结果21例患者术后均发声质量较好,喉功能得到较好的保留.结论垂直喉部分切除术后应用单蒂胸骨舌骨肌瓣行声带重建,术后发声质量良好.     

应用颈前带蒂颈阔肌皮瓣在喉部分切除中重建喉功能

目的:探讨颈前带蒂肌皮瓣(任意和巨形)在喉部分切除中重建喉功能的效果.方法:对54例声门型喉癌,行喉部分切除和扩大部分切除后应用颈前带蒂肌皮瓣行喉功能重建.结果:54例恢复吞咽、发声和呼吸功能,拔管率100%,5年以上生存率92.59%.结论:喉部分切除中应用颈前带蒂肌皮瓣修复喉腔是喉功能重建的有效方法之一.     

喉大部切除术后喉功能重建

为23例喉癌患者行喉大部分切除术,采用下列方法重建喉功能,(1)重建声门关闭功能;(2)重建会厌覆盖功能;(3)保留或重建梨状窝;(4)保护喉上神经和喉返神经;(5)保持宽大的下咽部;(6)切断环咽肌.23例中21例获得随访,术后均能发音,术后2～4周拔除鼻饲管,无误吸及呛咳.5年生存11例,生存率47.8%.     

喉癌喉部分切除术后喉狭窄Ⅱ期喉重建术临床评价

目的 使喉部分切除和扩大喉部分切除术后长期带管者去除气管套管,恢复喉的发音、呼吸、吞咽防护功能和正常颈部外观。方法 对19例喉癌喉部分切除术后切除术后喉狭窄患者,应用颈前双蒂转门肌皮瓣等方法进行Ⅱ期喉重建术,其中包括垂直喉切除Ⅱ期喉重建术6例（6/19）,扩大垂直喉切除术11例（11/19）,额侧喉切除术2例（2/19）。应用颈前双蒂转门肌皮瓣修复17例,胸骨舌骨肌瓣修复1例,胸锁乳容肌和筋膜修复1例。结果 3、5年生存率分别为91.7%（11/12）和3/5。19例中去除气管套管16例（其中包括2例行2次Ⅱ期喉重建术）。总的气管套管拔出率为84.2%（16/19）,应用转门肌皮瓣修复组拔管率为94.1%（16/17）,胸骨舌骨肌瓣和胞锁乳突肌瓣修复组均未能拔管（0/2）,拔管困难3例。术后全部患者能够发音,语言交流无困难。其中语音响亮清晰者为94.7%（18/19）,重度声音嘶哑者为5.3%（1/19）。全部患者恢复正常进食,绝大多数患者进食无误咽,2例初期进流食出现轻度误咽,1-2周误咽克服,恢复正常经口进食。结论 中、晚期喉癌选择性地施行功能保全性喉手术是可行的;应用转门肌皮瓣进行Ⅱ期喉重建术,可使喉部分切除术后长期带管者去除气管套管,重新获得经口鼻呼吸和满意的发音、吞咽防护功能效果。     

DNA content in laryngeal keratosis, laryngeal cancer and normal laryngeal epithelium

The DNA content in laryngeal precancerous lesion, laryngeal keratosis, laryngeal carcinoma and normal laryngeal epithelium had been measured in order to study the relationship between histopathologic picture and DNA content. The results showed that the DNA content in keratotic tissue increased to varying degrees as compared with the normal tissue. The DNA content in laryngeal cancer increased distinctly, being much higher than that in normal and keratotic tissues.     

Reflex control on laryngeal functions--vibration effect of the laryngeal mucosa on recurrent laryngeal nerve reflexes

Electromyographic (EMG) responses of the intrinsic laryngeal muscle have been investigated to clarify reflexogenic laryngeal controls from a viewpoint of its functional significance during phonation. Twenty-five adult cats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of 4ml/kg of a mixture of 10% urethane and 1% alpha-chloralose. Either the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (ISLN) or the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) was carefully dissected and central end of the dissected nerve was electrically stimulated. EMG of the contra-lateral Thyro-Arytenoid muscle (TA muscle) to the stimulation was recorded using a hooked-wire electrode inserted through the laryngeal mucosa. EMG of the TA muscle evoked by the stimulation of the ISLN were analyzed with respect to its latency and discharge pattern inter-collicular brainstem transsected. Together with the stimulation of the RLN, vibratory stimuli were given mainly to the subglottic mucosa as conditioning stimuli. The vibratory frequency was changed from 50Hz to 400Hz step-wisely. Following results were obtained. 1. EMG response of the contra-lateral TA muscle to the stimulation of the ISLN showed two different kinds of latency, approximately 8-10msec, and 40-60msec. 2. After inter-collicular brainstem transsection, evoked response of the latter disappeared. This result indicates that the ISLN-RLN reflex loop consisted of more than two routes, different in the number of synaptic junctions. 3. The vibratory stimuli given to the laryngeal mucosa had facilitatory effect on the reflexive EMG response evoked by the stimulation of the RLN. 4. This facilitatory effect of the vibratory stimuli disappeared after topical anesthesia of the laryngeal mucosa. 5. The facilitatory effect on the reflex responses was partially increased depending on the vibratory frequencies applied. In conclusion, vibratory stimuli to the laryngeal mucosa reflexively modulate the activity of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles.     

保留功能的喉癌手术70例报告

目的 :探讨喉部分切除术治疗声门型、声门上型喉癌的远期疗效和功能恢复。方法 :对 1978年 7月～1998年 8月间手术的 70例临床资料进行总结和随访。其中声门型喉癌 6 0例、声门上型喉癌 10例 ;施行喉裂开声带切除术 2 2例 ,垂直半喉切除术 2 2例 ,Majer- Piquet手术 17例 ,水平半喉切除术 7例 ,Arslan手术 2例。结果 :1、3及 5年生存率分别为 98.5 3%、87.0 4%和 78.2 6 %。拔管率为 10 0 %。全部病例恢复经口进食 ,一经拔管均能发音。并发症发生率和术后复发率各为 15 .71%和 13.0 4%。结论 :喉部分切除术是功能保全性喉部恶性肿瘤根治的有效术式。它在切除肿瘤、延长生命的同时可以较好地保留喉的生理功能 ,提高患者术后的生活质量     

环上喉次全切除喉功能重建41例的疗效分析

目的 :探讨环上喉次全切除喉重建术的治疗效果和喉功能重建效果。方法 :回顾性分析 4 1例接受该术式的T2 ～T4期喉鳞癌患者的临床资料。其中声门型 35例 ,声门上型 6例 ;行环舌会厌固定术 2 3例 ,环舌固定术 18例。结果 :3年生存率 83.3% (30 / 36 ) ,5年生存率 71.4 % (2 0 / 2 8) ;拔管率为 92 .7% (38/ 4 1)。 1例因误吸严重而行咽气管分离术 ,余 4 0例均恢复了正常吞咽。全部患者均能利用新喉发音。结论 :环上喉次全切除喉功能重建术既能彻底切除肿瘤 ,又能恢复喉的三大基本功能 ,是中、晚期喉癌治疗的有效方法之一。     

Three-dimensional laryngeal model for planning of laryngeal framework surgery

CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional prototype model was useful for planning of laryngeal framework surgery. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the usefulness of a three-dimensional laryngeal model for laryngeal framework surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-dimensional laryngeal model was created based on the postoperative helical computed tomography (CT) data of the larynx (case 1) which underwent lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA) pull surgery. LCA pull surgery is a kind of arytenoid adduction for unilateral vocal cord paralysis. A three-dimensional model of case 1 larynx was prototyped using a selective laser sintering method. In case 1, the patient's voice did not improve after LCA pull surgery. The three-dimensional model revealed that the original surgical procedure was not appropriate to obtain optimal arytenoid adduction. According to the analysis of this three-dimensional model, we changed the surgical approach and performed this new refined LCA pull surgery on another patient with unilateral vocal cord paralysis (case 2). RESULTS: We were able to pull LCA precisely in case 2. Three-dimensional CT of case 2 after refined LCA pull surgery allowed the correct pulling of LCA and complete adduction of arytenoid. The postoperative voice improved remarkably.     

Three-dimensional laryngeal model for planning of laryngeal framework surgery

Conclusion. The three-dimensional prototype model was useful for planning of laryngeal framework surgery. Objective: To discuss the usefulness of a three-dimensional laryngeal model for laryngeal framework surgery. Materials and methods. A three-dimensional laryngeal model was created based on the postoperative helical computed tomography (CT) data of the larynx (case 1) which underwent lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA) pull surgery. LCA pull surgery is a kind of arytenoid adduction for unilateral vocal cord paralysis. A three-dimensional model of case 1 larynx was prototyped using a selective laser sintering method. In case 1, the patient's voice did not improve after LCA pull surgery. The three-dimensional model revealed that the original surgical procedure was not appropriate to obtain optimal arytenoid adduction. According to the analysis of this three-dimensional model, we changed the surgical approach and performed this new refined LCA pull surgery on another patient with unilateral vocal cord paralysis (case 2). Results. We were able to pull LCA precisely in case 2. Three-dimensional CT of case 2 after refined LCA pull surgery allowed the correct pulling of LCA and complete adduction of arytenoid. The postoperative voice improved remarkably.     

Magnesium content of laryngeal precancerous conditions and laryngeal cancers

The content of magnesium in tissues, erythrocytes and serum was analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. A higher concentration of magnesium was found in malignant laryngeal tissue and in lymph nodes of the neck compared to homologous pre-cancerous tissue. In pre-cancerous lesions of the larynx the magnesium concentration of the erythrocytes and serum lay at the lower limit of normal. In patients with cancer of the larynx, the magnesium concentration was considerably below the normal levels and continued to decline as the disease progressed.     

Effect of deficits in laryngeal sensation on laryngeal muscle biochemistry

Swallowing deficits in elderly people are significant clinical problems and may be associated with impaired pharyngolaryngeal sensation. However, the extent to which sensory innervation affects the motor system is unclear. Our purpose was to examine differences in biochemical properties of laryngeal muscles following sensory nerve ablation. We used sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to evaluate laryngeal muscles of young and old Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats, and rats that underwent sensory ablation via bilateral section of the superior laryngeal nerve, internal branch (SLNi), or mixed sensory-motor nerve ablation via left-sided recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) section. In lateral thyroarytenoid muscle, a reduction was found in the proportion of the most rapidly contracting myosin heavy chain isoform (type 2B) with SLNi section, RLN section, and aging. Section of the SLNi did not alter the proportion of any myosin heavy chain isoform within the lateral cricoarytenoid or posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, but RLN section resulted in a reduction in the proportion of type 2B. Accordingly, alteration in biochemical properties of the lateral thyroarytenoid muscle alone was demonstrated following sensory ablation. We conclude that sensory changes may affect properties of laryngeal muscles, and may thus have an impact on motor control during critical functions, such as airway protection during swallowing.