硝苯地平控释片和赖诺普利联合治疗对高血压患者肾功能的影响

目的：探讨硝苯地平控释片、赖诺普利单独治疗和联合治疗对高血压病患者肾功能的影响。方法：72例高血压病患者随机分为3组：硝苯地平控释片组（30mg，qd，24例）；赖诺普利组（10mg，qd，24例）；硝苯地平控释片和赖诺普利联合治疗组（硝苯地平控释片30mg，qd，赖诺普利（10mg，qd，24例），疗程24周。治疗前、后观察肾功能指标变化。结果：①硝苯地平控释片、赖诺普利及联合治疗组高血压病患者治疗后均能显著降低血压（P〈0．01）及尿蛋白的排泄量。但联合治疗组降低尿蛋白排泄的幅度比硝苯地平控释片组、赖诺普利组明显高，而硝苯地平控释片组和赖诺普利组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。②治疗后，肾小球滤过率在联合治疗及赖诺普利组明显增高，而硝苯地平控释片组无明显变化。3．三组治疗后尿蛋白下降幅度与血压下降幅度均无显著相关。结论：硝苯地平控释片、赖诺普利长期单独治疗均可减少蛋白尿。保护肾功能，两药联合治疗对减少蛋白尿、保护肾功能有一定相加作用。     

硝苯地平控释片和赖诺普利联合治疗对高血压患者肾功能的影响

目的 探讨硝苯地平控释片、赖诺普利单独治疗和联合治疗对高血压病患者肾功能的影响.方法72例高血压病患者随机分为3组硝苯地平控释片组(30 mg,qd,24例);赖诺普利组(10 mg,qd,24例);硝苯地平控释片和赖诺普利联合治疗组(硝苯地平控释片30 mg,qd,赖诺普利(10 mg,qd,24例),疗程24周.治疗前、后观察肾功能指标变化. 结果①硝苯地平控释片、赖诺普利及联合治疗组高血压病患者治疗后均能显著降低血压(P＜0.01)及尿蛋白的排泄量.但联合治疗组降低尿蛋白排泄的幅度比硝苯地平控释片组、赖诺普利组明显高,而硝苯地平控释片组和赖诺普利组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②治疗后,肾小球滤过率在联合治疗及赖诺普利组明显增高,而硝苯地平控释片组无明显变化.⒊三组治疗后尿蛋白下降幅度与血压下降幅度均无显著相关.结论硝苯地平控释片、赖诺普利长期单独治疗均可减少蛋白尿,保护肾功能,两药联合治疗对减少蛋白尿、保护肾功能有一定相加作用.     

左旋氨氯地平联合缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压临床观察

目的探讨缬沙坦和左旋氨氯地平单独和联合应用治疗高血压的降压效果及对肾功能的保护作用。方法90例原发性高血压伴微量清蛋白尿患者随机分为缬沙坦治疗组、左旋氨氯地平治疗组和联合治疗组各30例,3组分别给予缬沙坦80mg,左旋氨氯地平2．5mg,缬沙坦80mg＋左旋氨氯地平2．5mg,口服,I／d,若2周后血压未降至正常,则缬沙坦增至160mg,左旋氨氯地平增至5mg。疗程均为24用。观察治疗前后血压和肾功能变化。结果3组患者血压均明显下降（均P〈0．01）,尿饭量清蛋白、β2微球蛋白均显著降低（P〈0．01）。联合用药组降压和降尿蛋白作用优于二单独用药组（均P〈0．01）。结论缬沙坦、左旋氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压均有较好的降压作用,且能降低微量清蛋白和微球蛋白,降低新发肾功能损害,两药联合应用可起到协同作用,更有效地降低血压,改善早期肾功能援害指标．     

氯沙坦钾和氨氯地平联合治疗伴高尿酸血症高血压的临床观察

目的观察氯沙坦钾与氨氯地平单独和联合用药治疗伴高尿酸血症高血压的疗效。方法41例伴高尿酸血症患者分为单用氯沙坦钾、单用氨氯地平及联合用药组，观察治疗前后血压、脉压、血尿酸的变化。结果联合用药组对舒张压和收缩压均有明显的降低作用，血压控制总有效率（P＜0．01），降低脉压作用（P＜0．05），降低血尿酸浓度的作用（P＜0．05）优于单一用药组。结论氯沙坦钾与氨氯地平联合用药能有效降低血压，缩小脉压差，降低血尿酸浓度，改善肾功能。     

马来酸依那普利和硝苯地平缓释片治疗2型糖尿病肾病的临床分析

目的：比较和分析血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂（依那普利）和长效钙离子拮抗剂（硝苯地平缓释片）对2型糖尿病肾病（DN）尿蛋白、高血压、及肾功能的治疗效果。方法：将74例DN患者随机分为三组．马来酸依那普利组（27例）、硝苯地平缓释片组（24例）及两药联合治疗组（23例）。三组在严格控制血糖和饮食的基础上．分剐服用依那普利5mg、硝苯地平缓释片5mg，清晨口服，每日1次，如果治疗2周后血压仍未降至正常（〉140／90mmHg），则马来酸依那普利、硝苯地平缓释片分别增加至10mg，共用12周。结果：两药单独治疗均可明显降低DN高血压（P〈0.01），减少24小时尿白蛋白排出（P〈0．05）。两药联合治疗降低血压和降低尿蛋白的幅度明显优于单独治疗（P〈0．01）。结论：马来酸依那普利和硝苯地平缓释片治疗DN所引起的高血压均有较好的降压作用，且能减少24小时尿蛋白的排泄，两药联合治疗疗效具有协同作用。     

氯沙坦联合通心络对2型糖尿病患者肾功能的影响

目的探讨通心络联合氯沙坦对糖尿病患者肾功能的影响。方法100例2型糖尿病患者随机分成两组,每组50例。氯沙坦组(A组):氯沙坦50mg,每日晨1次口服;氯沙坦联用通心络组(B组):氯沙坦50mg,每日晨1次口服;通心络胶囊3粒,每日3次口服。疗程均为24周。治疗前、后观察血压、血糖及肾功能指标变化。结果(1)A组和B组均有明显的降压作用(P<0.01),B组降压作用较A组显著(P<0.01);(2)尿蛋白排泄量:Alb(mg/24h)分别由106±10、107±10降至88±9、70±9(P<0.01);24h尿蛋白(g/L)分别由0.250±0.063、0.250±0.083降至0.213±0.043、0.170±0.025(P<0.01);2组血、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)较治疗前均有显著性降低(P<0.01),B组较A组更具显著意义(P<0.01)。(3)BUN、Cr治疗前、后比较无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)2组治疗后血糖水平均降低(P<0.01)。结论氯沙坦联合通心络具有明显降血压、稳定血糖的作用;明显降低尿蛋白的排泄,保护肾功能。     

氯沙坦治疗慢性肾小球肾炎蛋白尿的临床研究

①目的　探讨氯沙坦对原发性慢性肾小球肾炎蛋白尿患者肾脏的保护作用。②方法　将 68例患者血压控制于 1 4 0 90 mmHg以下 ,稳定 1周后随机分为两组。氯沙坦治疗组 34例 ,给予氧沙坦 50mg,每日 1次 ;苯那普利组 34例 ,给予苯那普利 1 0mg ,每日1次 ,疗程 1 2周 ,观察治疗前后血压、2 4小时尿蛋白、肾功能、血钾的变化及不良反应的发生情况。③结果　两组血压于治疗前后无显著变化 ,氯沙坦与苯那普利均能显著降低尿蛋白 ,治疗前后差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ,而两组间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;对肾功能的影响 ,于第 4周结束时两组治疗均无明显改变 ,但在 1 2周结束时两组治疗前后均出现显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5) ,两组间比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5) ;氯沙坦能明显降低血尿酸 ,且无干咳、高血钾等不良反应。④结论　氯沙坦治疗慢性肾小球肾炎安全、有效 ,具有非降压依赖性降低蛋白尿、保护肾功能的作用。     

氯沙坦与雷米普利改善高血压胰岛素抵抗的研究

目的：观察氯沙坦及雷米普利对高血压胰岛素抵抗(ISR)的影响。方法：将78例伴有空腹胰岛素升高的轻中度高血压患者随即分为两组。氮沙坦治疗组：40例，每日服氯沙坦50mg-100mg；雷米普利组：38例，每日服雷米普利5mg-10mg，均为每日清晨8时1次口服，疗程12月。治疗前后到血压、空腹及餐后2h血糖及胰岛素，计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)，并没正常对照组。结果：两组血压均明显下降(P＜0．01)，组间无差异(P＞0．05)；治疗前各组空腹血糖无明显差异，两组餐后2h血搪、空腹及餐后2h胰岛素显著升高(P＜001)，ISI显著降低(P＜0．01)。治疗后上述指标显著改善(P＜0．01)，且与正常对照组比较无显著性差异(P＜0.05)6不良反应组间比较无显著性差异(P＞0．05)。结论：氯沙坦和雷米普利都能改善高血压胰岛素抵抗，且使胰岛素敏感性恢复正常。     

氯沙坦对老年高血压病患者肾功能和血尿酸的影响

目的探讨氯沙坦对老年高血压病肾功能和血尿酸的影响.方法选择老年高血压合并高尿酸血症患者65例,随机分为氯沙坦组(50mg每日1次,n=33)及培哚普利(4 mg每日1次,n=32),疗程8周,观察治疗前后的血压、血尿酸及肾功能的变化.结果治疗后两组的血压、24 h尿蛋白、β2微球蛋白、白蛋白及免疫球蛋白均有明显下降(P＜0.01),两组之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05);血尿酸氯沙坦组显著降低(P＜0.01),培哚普利组无明显改变.结论氯沙坦治疗老年高血压在有效降低高血压同时,具有减少血尿酸和蛋白尿,保护肾功能作用.     

氯沙坦和福辛普利联合应用治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床疗效观察

目的观察氯沙坦和福辛普利联合应用对早期糖尿病肾病的保护作用。方法将57例早期2型糖尿病肾病病人随机分为A、B、C 3组。A组给予氯沙坦50 mg和福辛普利10 mg,B组给予氯沙坦50~100 mg,C组给予福辛普利10~20 mg。观察治疗6个月前后各组患者的血压、24 h尿蛋白排泄率(UAER)、血清肌酐(SCr)和尿素氮(BUN)、血糖、血脂及血清胰岛素变化。结果单独用氯沙坦或福辛普利和联合应用两药均可明显降低血压、减少UAER、降低SCr和BUN水平(P≤0.05或P<0.01)。尽管各组间对比无显著性差异,但就降压和降低UAER、SCr和BUN的数据看,以联合应用组幅度大。各组治疗前后血清胰岛素均有明显降低(P<0.01),而血糖、血脂无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论氯沙坦联合福辛普利治疗早期糖尿病肾病,较单独应用这两种药物能更有效地降低血压、减少UAER、降低SCr和BUN水平,阻止或延缓早期糖尿病肾病的发展;也可能通过降低血清胰岛素,改善代谢而达到对早期糖尿病肾病的保护作用,而不影响血糖、血脂的代谢。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.